- A country of western Europe on the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel. It was settled by the Franks after the retreat of the Romans, who had conquered Celtic Gaul in 58-51b.c. Charlemagne made it the center of his Empire of the West after a.d. 800. In the Middle Ages France was split into numerous fiefdoms and kingdoms, most of which were incorporated into the royal domain by the time of Louis XI (reigned 1461-1483). Widespread poverty and discontent led to the French Revolution (1789), the excesses of which contributed to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte (1799). Much of France was occupied by the Germans in World War II. Paris is the capital and the largest city. Population, 54,334,871. 法国：欧洲西部一国家，在大西洋和英吉利海峡沿岸。公元前 58至51年征服克尔特的高卢的罗马人撤退以后，法兰克人移民于此 公元 800年以后，查理曼使此地成为他的西方帝国的中心。中世纪，法国被分成无数采邑和王国，路易十一世时(1461-1483年在位）其中多数采邑和王国被合并为属于王室的领域。普遍的贫困和不满情绪引发了法国革命(1789年），进一步恶化的贫困和不断激化的不满促成了拿破仑的崛起(1799年）。法国大部分领土在二战中被德军占领，巴黎是首都和最大城市。人口54,334,871
France
- French critic and writer of sophisticated, often satirical short stories and novels, includingPenguin Island (1908). He won the 1921 Nobel Prize for literature. 法朗士，安纳图勒：(1844-1924) 法国评论家和作家，他高深且常具讽刺性的短篇故事和小说包括《企鹅岛》 （1908年）。为他赢得1921年诺贝尔文学奖