| 单词 | 一个团体 |
| 释义 | 〔platform〕A formal declaration of the principles on which a group, such as a political party, makes its appeal to the public.政纲：向公众发表的正式的原则的宣言的一个团体，如一个政党〔convention〕A practice or procedure widely observed in a group, especially to facilitate social interaction; a custom:规矩，习俗：一个团体中普遍遵循的惯常做法或程序，尤指有助于社会交往的；风俗：〔pass〕To be accepted as a member of a group by denying one's own ancestry or background.冒充：为被一个团体接受为成员掩盖自己的家世或背景〔lib〕A movement that seeks to achieve equal rights for a group; liberation.解放运动：为某一个团体谋求平等权利的运动；解放〔consensus〕An opinion or position reached by a group as a whole or by majority will:大多数意见：一个团体作为整体或服从多数所达成的共识或立场：〔deaf〕Some writers have lately introduced a distinction between the lowercase noundeaf, which is used to refer simply to people with extensive hearing disorders, and the capitalized noun Deaf, which refers to the culture and community that has grown up around the use of American Sign Language as a primary means of communication.最近，一些作家提出小写的名词deaf 和大写的名词 Deaf 之间的一个不同点，前者仅用于指全面听力障碍的人；而后者指一种文化和一个团体， 他们通过把美国手势语言作为首要使用的交流方式而逐渐形成的〔doyen〕A man who is the eldest or senior member of a group.老前辈：一个团体中最年长或地位最高的人〔dynasty〕A family or group that maintains power for several generations:王朝：一个家族或一个团体维持几代的政治统治权：〔litigant〕A party engaged in a lawsuit.诉讼当事人：参与诉讼的一个团体〔bump〕To displace from a position within a group or organization.解除职务：在一个团体或组织内解除一个职务〔insubordinate〕 Factious implies the promotion or existence of divisiveness, dissension, or disunity within a group or an organization: Factious 暗指一个团体或组织内部分裂、不和或不团结的存在或加剧： 〔ultimatum〕A final statement of terms made by one party to another.最后通牒：一个团体向另一个团体提出的最后的条件〔folkway〕A practice, custom, or belief shared by the members of a group as part of their common culture. Often used in the plural.社会习俗：作为他们共同文化的一部分，由一个团体的成员们共享的惯例、风俗或信仰，常用作复数〔collect〕To bring together in a group or mass; gather.收集：拿到一起使成为一组或一个团体；收集〔pack〕An organized troop having common interests:一个团体：有共同兴趣的有组织的群体：〔dean〕The senior member of a body or group:资深者：一个团体中的资深者：〔sponsor〕One who assumes responsibility for another person or a group during a period of instruction, apprenticeship, or probation.发起者，主办者：在开始某项活动、学徒关系及试用期时，主动承担他人责任或一个团体责任的人〔every〕Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in formbut felt to be plural in sense.The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced byevery, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb;we say Every car has (not have ) been tested. Anyone is (not are ) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun whose antecedent is introduced byevery, grammar and sense pull in different directions.The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but people persist in using the plural pronoun,as in Every car must have their brakes tested. Although the latter pattern is common in the speech of all groups,it is still widely regarded as grammatically incorrect in writing. ·The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule leads to various complications, however.The first is grammatical.When a pronoun refers to a phrase containingevery or any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular.Thus it is simply not English to sayEvery man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can one sayNo one could be seen, could he? Writers unwilling to use plural forms in these examples must find another way of expressing their meaning,either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as inEvery man left, taking his raincoat with him ) or by substituting another word forevery or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them. ) · The second complication is political.When a phrase introduced byevery or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what shall be the gender of the singular pronoun?This matter is discussed in the Usage Note athe. See Usage Note at all ,any ,each ,either ,he 1neither ,none Every 是一大类英语单词和短语的代表， 它们在形式上是单数的，但在意义上感觉起来却是复数。例如，这一类词中所包括的由every，any 和某些用法中的 some 所引导的名词短语。 这些短语毫无例外的跟单数动词，我们说每辆车都已 （不是 have ） 被测试过。 每个人都（不是 are ） 会生病 。 但是当一个句子中包括一个由先行词every 引导的代词时， 从句法和意义上就要区分不同的情况了。象每一辆车必须测试它的制动器 这样的表达法在语法上要求使用一单数代词， 但人们总习惯于用复数代词，象Every car must have their brakes tested 这样。 虽然后面这种形式在各种团体的讲话中非常普遍，但它在写作中仍广泛地被认为是语法上的错误。无论如何，坚持语法规则的努力总会导致各种各样的复杂问题。首先是语法上的复杂性。当一个代词指代一个短语，而这个短语中包括every 或 any 属于另一个与此代词所在子句不同的独立子句中时， 这个代词不能用单数形式。因此很容易理解英国人为何不说每个人离开时，都拿着各自的雨衣 ， 也不说没有人会被看到，不是吗？ 。 不愿意在这些例子中用复数形式的书写者必须找到另外一种表达他们意思的方法，或者可以通过重新改变句子的说法以使代词与其指代的短语同属一个从句中（如Every man left， taking his raincoat with him ）， 或者通过以另一个词代替every 或 any 的方法（如 All the man left；they took their raincoats with them ）。 第二是政治上的复杂性。当一个被every 或 any 引导的短语指代的一个团体中既有男人又有女人时， 单数代词的词性怎么确定呢？这个问题在单词he的用法说明中将被讨论 参见 all,any,each,either,he1neither,none〔scrip〕Such certificates considered as a group.凭证：象这种被看成一个团体的凭证〔usual〕 Customary andaccustomed refer to conformity with the prevailing customs or conventions of a group or with an individual's own established practice: Customary 和accustomed 是指与盛行的习惯或一个团体的习俗与个人约定俗成的习惯一致的： 〔collect〕To come together in a group or mass; gather.See Synonyms at gather 聚集：来到一起成为一组或一个团体；聚集 参见 gather〔knight〕Abbr. Knt.,kt.A man belonging to an order or a brotherhood.缩写 Knt.,kt.会员，成员：一个团体或兄弟会组织的成员〔groupthink〕The act or practice of reasoning or decision-making by a group, as by a board of directors or a research team.集体考虑，集体审议：由一个团体，如董事会或研究小组进行讨论或做决定的作法〔tax〕A fee or dues levied on the members of an organization to meet its expenses.会费：一个团体为支付它的费用而向会员征收的会费或应付款〔doyenne〕A woman who is the eldest or senior member of a group.女老前辈：一个团体中最年长或地位最高的女性〔youth〕(used with a sing. or pl. verb)Young people considered as a group.（与单数或复数动词连用）青少年们：被认为是一个团体的年轻人〔consort〕A group; a company:团伙：一个团体；一伙： |
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