| 单词 | 一个段落 |
| 释义 | 〔scarce〕The phrasescarce excerpt, if it ever should occur to one, is an excellent example of how two intimately related words can diverge from one another in form while passing from one language to another over the centuries.Both words can be traced back to the Latin wordexcerpo (past participle stem excerpt- ), meaning "to pick out,” "to pick out mentally,” and "to select a passage for quotation.”This is clearly the ultimate source of our nounexcerpt (first recorded before 1638) and verb (first recorded around 1536), a past participle usage already being recorded in the 15th century. A more tangled path leads to our wordscarce. It is assumed that side by side with Latinexcerpere existed the Vulgar Latin form .excarpere. .Excarpsus, an adjective formed with the past participle of .excarpere in Vulgar Latin, meant "narrow, cramped,” and from this Vulgar Latin form came the Old French wordéchars, "insufficient, cramped,” and "stingy.” The Old French word, which existed in a variety of forms in Old French,includingscars and the chiefly Old North French form escarse, was borrowed into Middle English asscarse, being first recorded in a manuscript written around 1300.如果人们能够想到scarce excerpt 这个词语， 是一个说明两个关系密切的词语如何历经几个世纪，在一种语言转化到另一种语言的同时从一种形式转化到另一种形式的极佳例子。两个词可追溯到拉丁词excerpo （过去分词词根为 excerpt- )， 意为“选出”、“在思想上进行选择”和“为了引用而选择一个段落”。很清楚，名词excerpt （第一次记录于1638年前）和动词（首次记录于约1536年）及过去分词用法的最终词源，在15世纪时就已经被记录下来。 词语scarce 的变化更为复杂。 据猜测与拉丁文中excerpere 同时存在的有拉丁俗语形式 excarpere。 Excarpsus在拉丁俗语中是由 excarpere 的过去分词形成的，意为“狭窄的、受限制的”， 从这一拉丁俗语形式形成了古法语词echars ，意为“不足的、受限制的”及“吝啬的”。 这些在古法语中以多种形式存在的古法语词，包括scars 和北部古法语的主要形式 escarse ， 被引入中世纪英语中成为scarse ， 在1300年左右第一次被记载在一手稿本中〔initial〕A large, often highly decorated letter set at the beginning of a chapter, verse, or paragraph.（书刊、文章中段落、章节等）特大的大写首字母：一章、一首诗或一个段落的第一个字母，大而且通常极具装饰性 |
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