| 单词 | 一切 |
| 释义 | 〔mithridate〕An antidote against poison, especially a confection formerly held to be an antidote to all poisons.解毒药：解除毒性的解毒剂，尤指用来对付一切毒药的解毒膏〔lose〕lost everything in the stock market crash; is losing supporters by changing his mind.在股市狂跌中丧失了一切；由于改变了主意，将失去支持者〔help〕Nothing will help.一切均无济于事。〔omnivorous〕an inquiring, omnivorous mind.一个喜爱探究一切的头脑〔acedia〕"There is a name for the generic shoulder shrug—the buzzing indifference, as if it's always 90 degrees in the shade after a large lunch. The word is acedia. It is the weariness of effort that extends to the heart and becomes a weariness of caring"(Melvin Maddocks)“对一般的冷淡的耸肩——嗡嗡作响的冷漠，如在午饭大吃一顿之后坐在阴影里的行为有一名字，这个词是懒惰。是从倦于努力，发展到倦于用心，又发展为对一切倦于关心”(梅尔文·马多克斯)〔world〕All that relates to or affects the life of a person:个人生活的全部：一切跟一个人的生活有关或影响其生活的东西：〔short〕We were caught short by the sudden storm.我们被一切突如其来的风暴弄得狼狈不堪〔nihilism〕A doctrine holding that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated.虚无主义学说：认为一切价值观念都毫无根据且一切都是不可知或不可交流的一种学说〔shape〕"The bomb gave the shape of life, outer and inner, an irreversible charge; a sense of fatefulness would now lie on all things"(Alfred Kazin)“炸弹给人们内在及外在的生活带来无法弥补的代价；不详的感觉凌驾于一切”(卡津)〔piece〕He pieced together the vase. She pieced together an account of what had gone on during the stormy meeting.他把花瓶的碎片粘起来。她把在那场激烈的会议上所发生的一切拼凑起来，并把他们陈诉出来〔payback〕expect a payback within six years.期望在六年内收回一切投入〔overriding〕First in priority; more important than all others:压倒一切的，首要的：首要的；比其它一切更重要的：〔well〕All is well.一切都尽如人意〔optimism〕A tendency to expect the best possible outcome or dwell on the most hopeful aspects of a situation:乐观主义，乐观：期待一切都朝着好的方向发展或总是考虑事情最有利的方面的一种倾向：〔Eros〕The sum of all instincts for self-preservation.一切自我保护的本能〔constraint〕ignored all moral constraints in his pursuit of success.在他追求成功的过程中忽略了一切道德约束〔shirt〕To lose everything one has or owns.丧失一切：丧失一个人有的或拥有的一切〔dichotomy〕temnein [to cut] * see tem- temnein [一切] * 参见 tem- 〔dear〕lost everything dear to them.失去他们珍爱的一切〔copacetic〕We know very little about the origin of the wordcopacetic, meaning "excellent, first-rate.” Is its origin to be found in Italian, in the speech of southern Black people, in the Creole French dialect of Louisiana, or in Hebrew?John O'Hara, who used the word inAppointment in Samarra, later wrote thatcopacetic was "a Harlem and gangster corruption of an Italian word.” O'Hara went on to say, "I don't know how to spell the Italian,but it's something like copacetti.” His uncertainty about how to spell the Italian is paralleled by uncertainty about how to spellcopacetic itself. Copacetic has been recorded with the spellings copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic, and kopasettee. The spelling is now more or less fixed, however, ascopacetic or copasetic, even though the origin of the word has not been determined.The Harlem connection mentioned by O'Hara would seem more likely than the Italian,sincecopacetic was used by Black jazz musicians and is said to have been Southern slang in the late 19th century. Ifcopacetic is Creole French in origin, it would also have a Southern homeland.According to this explanation,copacetic came from the Creole French word coupersètique, which meant "able to be coped with,” "able to cope with anything and everything,” "in good form,”and also "having a healthy appetite or passion for life or love.”Those who support the Hebrew or Yiddish origin ofcopacetic do not necessarily deny the Southern connections of the word. One explanation has it that Jewish storekeepers used the Hebrew phrasekol bĕṣedeq, "all with justice,”when asked if things were O.K. Black children who were in the store as customers or employees heard this phrase ascopacetic. No explanation of the origin ofcopacetic, including the ones discussed here, has won the approval of scholars, as is clearly shown by the etymology ofcopacetic in the first volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English, published in 1985: "Etym unknown.” 我们对copacetic 这个词的词源所知甚少，其意为“极好的、一流的”。 它是起源于意大利语、南方黑人口语、路易斯安那州的克里奥耳人的法语方言还是希伯来语？约翰·奥哈拉在撒马拉的约会 中用到这个词， 他后来写到copacetic 是“变成哈莱姆黑人居住区和强盗土语的意大利词”。 奥哈拉还说，“我不知道原来的意大利词是如何拼写的，但是有点象copacetti"。与他不敢肯定如何拼写这个意大利词一样，他对copacetic 一词本身的拼法也不敢肯定。 Copacetic 曾经被拼写成 copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic 以及 kopasettee。 现在它的拼法多少已经固定成copacetic 或 copasetic， 尽管这个词的词源仍未被确定。奥哈拉所提及的它与哈莱姆黑人居住区的关系看上去比它和意大利语的关系更有可能，因为黑人爵士歌手曾用过copacetic 这个词，并且据说在19世纪晚期它曾是南方的俚语。 如果copacetic 在词源上是克里奥耳人的法语， 那么它也是从南方来的。根据这一解释，copacetic 来自克里奥耳人法语中 coupersetique 一词， 表示“有能力与人竞争的”、“有能力处理任何事情及一切事情的”、“以好的方式的”，还表示“对生活或爱情有正常的欲望或激情的”。那些认为copacetic 来自希伯来语或意第绪语的人并不一定否认这个词与南方的关系。 一种解释认为，犹太店主们在被询问是否一切都好时用了希伯来语中的短语kol bĕṣedeq 即“一切太平”之意， 在店里作工或买东西的黑人儿童将这个短语听成了copacetic。 在关于copacetic 词源的解释中，包括以上讨论的这些，没有一种得到学者们的认可， 这一点我们可以在美国方言英语辞典 （1985年出版）第一册关于 copacetic 一词的词源解释中清楚地看到：“词源不知” 〔endure〕"We seek the truth, and will endure the consequences"(Charles Seymour)See Synonyms at bear 1“我们寻找真理，并将忍受一切后果”(查尔斯·西摩) 参见 bear1〔shoot〕To do all within one's power; exhaust all of one's resources or capabilities.尽力而为：做自己能够做到的一切；竭尽自己的一切力量或能力〔drop〕drop everything and help.搁下一切来帮忙〔neutralize〕"American life is a powerful solvent. It seems to neutralize every intellectual element . . . and to fuse it in the native good will, complacency, thoughtlessness, and optimism" (George Santayana).“美国人的生活是一种强大的不断对事物进行削弱的力量，它好象在抵销一切智力因素…使其同民族精神、自信心、无私奉献精神和乐观主义精神融合起来” （乔治·桑塔亚那）。〔every〕Being all possible:所有可能的：一切可能的，种种的：〔Tao〕In Taoism, the basic, eternal principle of the universe that transcends reality and is the source of being, non-being, and change.（道家的）道：道家中最基本、永恒、超越物质存在的宇宙法则，是一切万事万物、一切变化的根源〔trash〕"The . . . professor trashes conservative . . . proposals as well as liberal nostrums"(Michael Marien)“这位教授把保守派骂得一文不值…同时也提出自由主义可解决一切”(迈克尔·马林)〔flourish〕To make bold, sweeping movements:挥舞：做出勇敢的、横扫一切的动作：〔shivaree〕Shivaree is the most common American regional form of charivari, a French word meaning "a noisy mock serenade for newlyweds"and probably deriving in turn from a Late Latin word meaning "headache.”The term, most likely borrowed from French traders and settlers along the Mississippi River,was well established in the United States by 1805;an account dating from that year describes a shivaree in New Orleans: "The house is mobbed by thousands of the people of the town, vociferating and shouting with loud acclaim . . . many[are] in disguises and masks; and all have some kind of discordant and noisy music, such as old kettles, and shovels, and tongs. . . . All civil authority and rule seems laid aside" (John F. Watson).The wordshivaree is especially common along and west of the Mississippi River, giving it an unusual north-south dialect boundary (most dialect boundaries run east-west in the United States).Alva L. Davis and Raven I. McDavid, Jr., callshivaree "one of the most widely distributed folk terms borrowed by American English from any European language.” Some regional equivalents arebelling, used in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio; horning, from upstate New York, Rhode Island, and western New England; andserenade, a term used chiefly in the South Atlantic states. Shivaree 是 charivari 这个词在美国的最普通的地方形式， charivari是个法语词，意思是“一种为新婚夫妇演奏的喧闹的嘲弄式小夜曲”，这个词本身可能是从一个意思为“头痛”的后期拉丁文演变而来。这个词极有可能是从密西西比河沿岸的法国商人和拓居者那儿借用而来，到了1805年这个词已经在美国深深地扎根了；一份可以追溯到这一年的记录描写了新奥良的演奏这种小夜曲的情况： “房子里挤满了成千从镇上来的人，喧嚷着，叫喊着，大声欢呼…许多人 化了装，带了面具，所有的人都搞出某种不和协、喧闹的音响，比如用旧水壶，铲子，钳子…一切世俗的权威和规则好象已经被放到了一边” （约翰F·华生） 。shivaree 这个词在密西西比河沿岸和该河以西尤为常见， 这样密西西比河就成了一个不寻常的方言区的南北分界线（而在美国大多数方言区的分界线都是东西向的）。阿尔瓦·L·戴维斯和小拉文·I·麦克戴维把shivaree 这个词称为“美国英语从欧洲语言中借来的民间用语中流传最广的一个”。 其它地方方言中相当于这个词的词有belling 在宾夕法尼亚州、弗吉尼亚西部和俄亥俄州流传； 纽约州上半部份，罗德岛州，新英格兰西部的horning ， 而大西洋沿岸南部各州主要用serenade 这个词 〔everything〕All things or all of a group of things.一切，所有事物：一切事物或一个总体中的所有事物〔opportunistic〕Taking immediate advantage, often unethically, of any circumstance of possible benefit.机会主义的：迅速抓住一切有利时机的，经常是违反规范的〔go〕All luxuries will have to go.必须放弃一切奢侈行为〔stingy〕"He lived in the most penurious manner, and denied himself every indulgence" (William Godwin).“他以最简朴的方式生活着，抵制一切奢侈” （威廉·葛德文）。〔meat〕"Love is not all: it is not meat nor drink"(Edna St. Vincent Millay)“爱并不是一切：它不是食物，也不是饮料”(埃德娜·圣文森特·米莱)〔decide〕We resolved that nothing they said could induce us to trust them. 我们下定决心，他们所说的一切都无法使我们相信他们 〔what〕They soon repaired what damage had been done.他们很快修复了所受到的一切损坏〔money〕A commodity, such as gold, or an officially issued coin or paper note that is legally established as an exchangeable equivalent of all other commodities, such as goods and services, and is used as a measure of their comparative values on the market.钱，货币，纸币：一种商品，如金子或官方发行的铸币或纸币，把这种货币或纸币定为可与其他一切商品、如货物和服务的等价交换物，并用作市场交换价值的尺度〔monarch〕"I am monarch of all I survey"(William Cowper)“我是我所见到的一切的君主”(威廉·柯珀)〔agree〕"The creed [upon which America was founded] was widely seen as both progressive and universalistic: It accorded with the future, and it was open to all" (Everett Carll Ladd). “这个信条［美国建立于其上］ 被广泛地认为既是进步的又是普遍的：它与未来相一致，并对一切都公开” （埃弗里特·卡尔·赖德）。〔subjectivism〕The doctrine that all knowledge is restricted to the conscious self and its sensory states.主观主义：认为一切知识都限于意识的状态和成分的认识的理论 |
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