| 单词 | 一名 |
| 释义 | 〔caddie〕To serve as a caddie.做球僮：当一名球僮〔Pole〕English prelate. The last Roman Catholic archbishop of Canterbury (1556), he was a leading figure in the Counter Reformation.波尔·雷金诺德，雷金纳德：(1500-1558) 英国枢机主教。最后一任坎特伯雷罗马天主教大主教(1556年），在反宗教改革中他是一名领导性人物〔Taft〕American politician. As a U.S. Senator from Ohio (1939-1953) he was an outspoken conservative who opposed many New Deal policies, resisted American involvement in NATO, and endorsed Joseph McCarthy's investigations of Communist infiltration.塔夫脱，罗伯特·阿方索：(1889-1953) 美国政治家。作为一名来自俄亥俄州的美国参议员(1939-1953年），他是一名直率的保守派成员，曾反对过许多“新政”政策，抵制过美国参与大西洋公约组织，并批准了约瑟夫·麦卡锡对共产党渗透的调查〔censure〕"whether the Senate will censure one of its members for conflict of interest"(Washington Post)“参议院是否会以利益冲突为由公开指责一名议员”(华盛顿邮报)〔buy〕To purchase goods; act as a purchaser.买：购买货物；做一名购买者〔kingdom〕A political or territorial unit ruled by a sovereign.王国：由一名元首统治的政治或领土单位〔cab〕a student who cabbed for a living.一名以开租车谋生的学生〔unreachable〕an unreachable canyon; an executive unreachable by telephone.无法到达的峡谷；用电话无法联系上的一名行政主管〔Lysimachus〕Macedonian general under Alexander the Great. He ruled Macedonia from 287 to 286.利西麦克斯：亚历山大大帝帐下一名马其顿将军，在287到286年期间统治马其顿〔telegenic〕"Do we insist on a telegenic President?”(William F. Buckley, Jr.)“我们坚持要一名适合拍电视的总统吗?”(小威廉F.巴克利)〔ambition〕Her ambition is the presidency.她的抱负是成为一名总统〔Tartar〕To grapple with an unexpectedly formidable opponent.遇上劲敌：与一名出乎意料难对付的对手拼搏〔chivalry〕The Age of Chivalry was also the age of the horse.Bedecked in elaborate armor and other trappings,horses were certainly well dressedalthough they might have wished for lighter loads.That the horse should be featured so prominently during the Age of Chivalryis etymologically appropriate,becausechivalry goes back to the Latin word caballus, "horse, especially a riding horse or packhorse.”Borrowed from French, as were so many other important words having to do with medieval English culture,the English wordchivalry is first recorded in works composed around the beginning of the 14th century and is found in several senses,including "a body of armored mounted warriors serving a lord" and "knighthood as a ceremonially conferred rank in the social system.”Our modern sense,"the medieval system of knighthood,”could not exist until the passage of several centuries had allowed the perspective for such a conceptualization,with this sense being recorded first in 1765.骑士时代同时也是马的时代。马被用精美的铠甲和其它马饰打扮起来，它们显然穿戴得很好，虽然它们可能会喜欢稍轻一些的负担。在骑士时代马被放在如此显要的地位，这从词源学上来看是恰当的，因为chivalry 一词可追溯到拉丁语中 caballus 一词， 即“马，尤其是用来骑的马或驮马”的意思。象与中世纪英国文化有关的许多其它重要的词一样，英语中chivalry 一词也是从法语中借用来的，最初出现在大约写于14世纪初的书籍中， 当时有好几个含义，其中包括：“为一名贵族服务的一队穿着铠甲、骑着马的武士”和“作为一种被正式授予的社会制度中等级的骑士资格”。我们现代的意义，即“中世纪的骑士制度”，是在几个世纪以后对这样一个概念的视角成为可能之时才出现的，这个意义最早出现在文字记载中是1765年〔polygraph〕To test (a criminal suspect, for example) with a polygraph.用测谎器测试（如，一名嫌疑犯）〔parity〕The number of children borne by one woman.已产子女数：一名妇女所生的子女数〔unknown〕cast an unknown in the starring role.让一名无名小辈担当了主角〔Ellsworth〕American jurist and politician. A U.S. senator from Connecticut (1789-1796), he worked on the legislation that created the federal court system (1789) and later served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1796-1800).埃尔思沃思，奥利弗：(1745-1807) 美国法官和政治家。作为一名来自康涅狄格州的参议员（1789-1796年），他致力于立法工作，创立了联邦法院系统（1789年），后来成为美国最高法院首席大法官（1796-1800年）〔policeman〕A man who is a member of a police force.警察：属于警察部队的一名成员的人〔belligerent〕 Belligerent may specify actual engagement in combat (tried to arrange a truce between the belligerent nations), or it may refer to a tendency to hostile behavior (A belligerent reporter badgered the President for the facts). Belligerent 可以特指确实参与在战斗中（交战两国努力达成休战协议）， 或者可以指敌对行为的倾向（一名好寻衅的记者就一些事实纠缠总统）。〔Lidice〕A village of northwest Czechoslovakia west-northwest of Prague. In reprisal for the murder of a Nazi official, German forces killed its male population, deported the women and children to concentration camps, and burned the village to the ground (June 9-10, 1942).利迪泽：捷克斯洛伐克西北部的一个村落，位于布拉格西北偏西。1942年6月9日至10日，德国军队作为对一名纳粹军官被杀的报复，屠杀了这个村子的所有男性，并把妇女和儿童送往集中营，然后把整个村子烧成灰烬〔pontifical〕Having the dignity, pomp, or authority of a pontiff or a bishop.有教皇权威的，有教皇身份的：具有一位教皇或一名主教的尊严、华贵或权威的〔Serbia〕A historical region and former kingdom of eastern Yugoslavia. Serbs settled in the region in the 6th to the 7th century and formed an independent kingdom in the 13th to the 14th century but then fell under Turkish domination, which ended finally in 1878. The new kingdom of Serbia was an important Balkan power until the onset of World War I, precipitated in part by the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist. Serbia was later a major constituent of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which formed the nucleus of modern-day Yugoslavia.塞尔维亚：南斯拉夫东部的历史性地区和前王国。塞尔维亚人于6世纪到7世纪开始在这个地区居住，在13世纪到14世纪形成了独立的王国，但后来被土耳其统治，其统治到1878年最终结束。新的塞尔维亚王国在第一次世界大战爆发前一直是巴尔干半岛上重要的力量，第一次世界大战的爆发一部分是因为一名塞尔维亚民族主义者剌杀弗朗西斯·斐迪南大公而引发。塞尔维亚后来主要由塞尔维亚、克罗地亚和斯洛文尼亚王国组成，斯洛文尼亚王国形成今天南斯拉夫的核心部分〔one〕I'm just one player on the team.我只是这个球队中的一名球员〔martyrdom〕The state of being a martyr.殉教：成为一名殉教者的状态〔plead〕To address a court as a lawyer or an advocate.辩护：作为一名律师或辩护者在法庭上发言〔taboo〕Among the many discoveries of Capt. James Cook was a linguistic one, the termtaboo. Cook used this word in his journal of 1777while he was in the Friendly Islands (now Tonga).Hence, even though similar words occur in other Polynesian languages,the formtaboo from Tongan tabu is the form we have borrowed. The Tongans usedtabu as an adjective; they spoke of persons or things that weretabu, that is, "under prohibition, forbidden, or set apart. ”Cook, besides borrowing the word into English,also made it into a noun referring to the prohibition itselfand a verb meaning "to make someone or something taboo.”From its origins in Polynesian society the wordtaboo has spread throughout the English-speaking world and has been applied in ways that never occurred to the people from whom Cook originally borrowed it.詹姆士·库克船长的许多发现中有一个是语言上的，即taboo 这个词。 库克在他1777年的航海日志中使用了这个词，当时他在弗兰德里群岛（现在的汤加）。因此，虽然相似的词也曾出现在其它的波利尼亚语言中，但是从汤加语的tabu 发展而来的 taboo 这一形式就成了我们所借用的形式。 汤加人将tabu 用作一个形容词； 他们谈论某人或某事是tabu 的， 即意味着它们是“处于禁令下的、被禁止的或和别人分开对待的”。库克除了把这个词借用到英语中，还把它变成了一名词，表示禁止，也把它用作一个动词，意为“使其人或某事成为禁忌”。起源于波利尼西亚社会的taboo 这一词已在说英语的世界中被广为使用， 而它的一些用法是库克当年向其借用该词的人们所从未想到的〔consort〕a politician known to consort with gangsters.一名被确证与匪徒有来往的政界人物〔kludge〕The wordkludge is not "etymologist-friendly,” having many possible origins,none of which can be definitively established.This term, found frequently in the jargon of the engineering and computer professions,denotes a usually workable but makeshift system, modification, solution, or repair.Kludge has had a relatively short life (first recorded in 1962 although it is said to have been used as early as 1944 or 1945) for a word with so many possible origins. The proposed sources of the word, Germanklug, kluge, "intelligent, clever,” or a blend ofklutz and nudge or klutz and refudge, do not contain all the necessary sounds to give us the word,correctly pronounced at least.The notions thatkludge may have been coined by a computer technician or that it might be the last name of a designer of graphics hardware seem belied by the possibility that it is older than such origins would allow.It seems most likely that the wordkludge originally was formed during the course of a specific situation in which such a device was called for.The makers of the word,if still alive,are no doubt unaware that etymologists need informationso they can stop trying to "kludge" an etymology together.单词kludge 不是“词源学家的朋友”， 有很多可能的来源，每一个都不能准确成立。这个词，经常在工程和电脑业的行话中找到，表示一个通常能工作但是临时凑合的系统、修改、解答或修理。作为一个有这么多可能的来源的词，kludge 却有一个相对小的年纪（1962年第一次有记载，尽管据说早到1944年或1945年就已经使用）。 该词被推荐的来源是德文klug, kluge “聪明的，灵巧的”， 或者klutz 和 nudge 的混合或 klutz 和 refudge 的混合， 没有包含能向我们给出这个词的所有必需的声音，至少是正确的发音。kludge 可能是由电脑技术人员杜撰的或者它可能是图形显示硬件的一名设计者的姓， 这些看法由于它比这些来源能允许的时间要早的可能性而被误解。看起来最可能的是单词kludge ， 最早是在需要这样的设备的特定环境中形成的。这一单词的制造者，如果还健在的话，毫无疑问意识不到词源学家需要此类信息，这样他们才能终止“临时搭配”成一个词源的努力〔up〕up against a strong opponent.面对一名强劲的对手〔chrestomathy〕A selection of literary passages, usually by one author.选集：通常为一名作家的选集〔plantation〕It has probably seemed ironic to more than one reader that the same wordplantation appears in the name Plimoth Plantation, a settlement of people seeking freedom of religion,albeit their particular form of religion,and also as the term for the estates of the pre-Civil War Southwith their beautiful mansions for the white elite and their hovels for the oppressed Black slaves.These two uses of the wordplantation illustrate two sense developments of the word, which is first recorded in Middle English asplantacioun in a work probably written during the first quarter of the 15th century. Latinplantātiō, the source of our English word, originally meant "propagation of a plant, as from cuttings,”but in Medieval Latin developed other related senses,such as "planting,” "foundation, establishment,” and "nursery, or collection of growing plants that have been planted.”The two senses that were used in New England and in the South can thus be explained.The Plimoth sense is derived from the notion of a settlement or colony that has been established or planted in a new country.The Southern sense goes back to the notion of simply planting crops,in this casecrops such as tobacco or cottonthat are grown on estates or farms in subtropical or tropical climatesand were at one time worked by slave labor.同样的单词plantation 出现在名称 Plimoth Plantation （普利茅斯种植园）中，这对不止一名读者来说，可能看起来是具讽刺意味的， 该名称指寻求宗教自由的人的小型社区，虽然他们的宗教形式很特别，也是作为内战前南方庄园的术语，指供高贵白种人居住的漂亮公馆和受压迫的黑人奴隶居住的破旧茅屋。单词plantation 的这两种用法说明了这个单词两种意思的发展， 其以可能于15世纪最初二十五年创作的一部作品中的plantacioun 形式首次记录进中世纪英语。 拉丁文plantatio 是我们这个英语单词的词源， 最初意为“植物的繁殖，如通过供插栽小枝，”但是在中世纪拉丁文中又发展了其它的相关的意思，例如“种植、”“建立、设立”和“苗圃或已被种植的活的植物的集合。”这样，用在新英格兰和南方的这两种意思就能够解释了。普利茅斯种植园的意思是从在新的国家中建立或移民的新拓居地或殖民地的概念中引申出来的。南方庄园的意思则可追溯到简易耕种作物的概念上来，在这种情况下，例如烟草或棉花等农作物，生长在亚热带或热带气候的庄园或农场，且一段时间以来由奴隶种植〔Iphigenia〕The daughter of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon, who was offered as a sacrifice by Agamemnon but rescued by Artemis. She later became a priestess.依菲琴尼亚：克吕泰墨斯特拉和阿加门农的女儿，被阿加门农献作祭品但被阿耳忒弥斯所救。她后来成了一名女祭司〔unputdownable〕"Unless the story is at once as unputdownable to a taxi driver as to a university professor, it is not good enough"(Brian Burland)“除非这个故事无论在一名出租车司机那儿还是在一名大学教授那儿都同样地叫人爱不释手，否则它就还不够好”(布赖恩·伯兰德)〔Atalanta〕A maiden hunter who agreed to marry any man who could defeat her in a footrace. She was outrun by Hippomenes, who won by dropping along the course three golden apples, which she paused to pick up.阿塔兰忒：一名女猎手，她答应嫁给任何在竞走中能战胜她的男人。她被希波墨涅斯超过，他在竞走时扔了三只金苹果引诱阿塔兰忒停下来去捡而取胜〔mean〕a building that was meant for storage; a student who was meant to be a scientist.预定作仓库用的大楼；一名注定成为科学家的学生〔unsaddle〕To throw (a rider) from the saddle. Used of a horse.把（一名骑马者）从马鞍上甩下来。用来指一匹马〔Harlan〕American jurist. As an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1877-1911) he was known for his outspoken dissenting opinions. His grandsonJohn Marshall Harlan (1899-1971) also served as an associate justice of the Court (1955-1971). 哈伦，约翰·马歇尔：(1833-1911) 美国法理学家，作为一名美国最高法院（1877-1911年）的助理法官他以直言不讳地发表反对意见而出名，他的孙子约翰·马歇尔·哈兰 （1899-1971年）也是最高法庭的一名助理法官（1955-1971年） 〔Philistine〕It has never been good to be a Philistine.Samson, Saul, and David in the Bible helped bring the Philistines into prominence because they were such prominent opponents.Even though the Philistines have long since disappeared,their name has lived on in the Old Testament.The English name for them,Philistines, which goes back through Late Latin and Greek to Hebrew, is first found in Middle English,wherePhilistiens, the ancestor of our word, is recorded in a work composed before 1325. Beginning in the 17th centuryphilistine was used as a common noun usually in the plural to refer to various groups considered the enemy,such as literary critics.In Germany in the same centuryit is said that in a memorial at Jena for a student who had been killed in a town-gown quarrel,the minister preached a sermon from the text "Philister über dir Simson! [The Philistines be upon thee, Samson!],”the words of Delilah to Samson after she attempted to render him powerless before his Philistine enemies.From this usage it is said that German students came to usePhilister, the German equivalent of Philistine, to denote nonstudents and hence uncultured or materialistic people.Both usages were picked up in English in the early 19th century.做非利士人从来没有好处。《圣经》中的参孙、索尔和大卫使非利士人出名是因为他们是很优秀的对手。尽管非利士人已消失很久了，他们的名字却仍存在于《旧约》当中。他们的英文名称Philistines 可由晚期拉丁语和希腊语追溯到希伯来语， 是在中世纪英语中首先发现的，其中我们所用词的前身Philistines 记载在一部1325年前的著作中。 17世纪以来，Philistine 被用作普通名词并且常以复数形式出现， 意指被认为是敌人的各种团体，如文学批评家。在同一世纪的德国，据说在耶拿举行的纪念一名在市民和大学生争执中被杀的学生的纪念会上，牧师从“［非利士人比你强，参孙!］”中选取了一段做布道，就是迪莱勒在试图使参孙在他的非利士手面前变得软弱无力后说的那些话。这段话的用法中可见德国学生开始使用philister 作为 philistine 的德语替代语， 意指不是学生因此也就是没有文化以及不务实的人。这两种用法在19世纪早期的英语中均能找到〔unprofessional〕Characteristic of an amateur; inexpert.不在行的：为一名业余爱好者的特征的；非专家的〔dicast〕One of the 6,000 citizens chosen each year in ancient Athens to sit in the law courts, with functions resembling those of a judge and juror.民选代表法官：古雅典每年从6000名市民中选出一名坐在法庭上既行使法官职能又行使陪审团职能的成员 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。