| 单词 | 一大 |
| 释义 | 〔book〕A main division of a larger printed or written work:部，章节：较大的印刷的或书写著作的一大分部：〔undergraduate〕an undergraduate transfer student.一大学（高中）转学学生〔origin〕"one great original source of revenue . . . the wages of labor" (Adam Smith). “财富的一大起源是劳动力的工资” （亚当·史密斯）。 〔sheet〕A large block of stamps printed by a single impression of a plate before the individual stamps have been separated.整版邮票：将邮票单个被分离前由单一版印制的一大版邮票〔Payloader〕A trademark used for an excavating machine with a large scoop in front for moving and lifting earth, rocks, and rubble.挖掘机商标名：一种挖掘机的商标名字，前面有一大斗用来移动和搬起土块、岩石和碎石〔accumulation〕The process of growing into a large amount or heap.积累：增加为一大数量或大堆的过程〔sublimit〕A limit or ceiling placed on a subdivision of a larger category, especially of nuclear weapons:次极限：（尤指核武器）一大类的分支的最高限度：〔payback〕"One problem with space ventures is that the up-front costs are enormous and the paybacks uncertain and far off at best"(Eric Gelman)“太空事业的一大问题是，付出巨大的代价，但是回报却是未卜的或远不尽人意”(埃里克·盖尔曼)〔arm〕A relatively narrow extension jutting out from a large mass:港湾：从一大的整体中伸出的较为狭窄的延伸部分：〔entangle〕To twist together or entwine into a confusing mass; snarl.缠住：卷在一起或缠卷成一大团；卷住〔glass〕Any of a large class of materials with highly variable mechanical and optical properties that solidify from the molten state without crystallization, are typically made by silicates fusing with boric oxide, aluminum oxide, or phosphorus pentoxide, are generally hard, brittle, and transparent or translucent, and are considered to be supercooled liquids rather than true solids.玻璃：具有各种高机械和光学属性的一大类材料，它不经结晶过程而从融化状态凝固而成，常用硅酸盐与氧化硼、氧化铝或五氧化磷合制而成，一般硬而易碎，透明或半透明，被认为是超低温液体而不是真正的固体〔Mekong〕A river of southeast Asia flowing about 4,183 km (2,600 mi) from southeast China to the South China Sea through a vast delta in southern Vietnam. The delta, a major rice-growing area, was the scene of heavy fighting during the Vietnam War.湄公河：东南亚一河流，流程约为4,183公里（即2,600英里），源自中国东南部，经越南南部一大三角洲注入中国南海。湄公河三角洲是一主要的产稻区，越战期间此处战斗十分激烈〔teleost〕Of or belonging to the Teleostei or Teleostomi, a large group of fishes with bony skeletons, including most common fishes. The teleosts are distinct from the cartilaginous fishes such as sharks, rays, and skates.硬骨鱼的：属于真骨亚纲或真骨纲的，真骨纲是多骨的包括最普通的鱼的一大类鱼。硬骨鱼与软骨鱼不同，例如鲨鱼、鲸鱼和鳐鱼〔every〕Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in formbut felt to be plural in sense.The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced byevery, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb;we say Every car has (not have ) been tested. Anyone is (not are ) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun whose antecedent is introduced byevery, grammar and sense pull in different directions.The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but people persist in using the plural pronoun,as in Every car must have their brakes tested. Although the latter pattern is common in the speech of all groups,it is still widely regarded as grammatically incorrect in writing. ·The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule leads to various complications, however.The first is grammatical.When a pronoun refers to a phrase containingevery or any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular.Thus it is simply not English to sayEvery man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can one sayNo one could be seen, could he? Writers unwilling to use plural forms in these examples must find another way of expressing their meaning,either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as inEvery man left, taking his raincoat with him ) or by substituting another word forevery or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them. ) · The second complication is political.When a phrase introduced byevery or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what shall be the gender of the singular pronoun?This matter is discussed in the Usage Note athe. See Usage Note at all ,any ,each ,either ,he 1neither ,none Every 是一大类英语单词和短语的代表， 它们在形式上是单数的，但在意义上感觉起来却是复数。例如，这一类词中所包括的由every，any 和某些用法中的 some 所引导的名词短语。 这些短语毫无例外的跟单数动词，我们说每辆车都已 （不是 have ） 被测试过。 每个人都（不是 are ） 会生病 。 但是当一个句子中包括一个由先行词every 引导的代词时， 从句法和意义上就要区分不同的情况了。象每一辆车必须测试它的制动器 这样的表达法在语法上要求使用一单数代词， 但人们总习惯于用复数代词，象Every car must have their brakes tested 这样。 虽然后面这种形式在各种团体的讲话中非常普遍，但它在写作中仍广泛地被认为是语法上的错误。无论如何，坚持语法规则的努力总会导致各种各样的复杂问题。首先是语法上的复杂性。当一个代词指代一个短语，而这个短语中包括every 或 any 属于另一个与此代词所在子句不同的独立子句中时， 这个代词不能用单数形式。因此很容易理解英国人为何不说每个人离开时，都拿着各自的雨衣 ， 也不说没有人会被看到，不是吗？ 。 不愿意在这些例子中用复数形式的书写者必须找到另外一种表达他们意思的方法，或者可以通过重新改变句子的说法以使代词与其指代的短语同属一个从句中（如Every man left， taking his raincoat with him ）， 或者通过以另一个词代替every 或 any 的方法（如 All the man left；they took their raincoats with them ）。 第二是政治上的复杂性。当一个被every 或 any 引导的短语指代的一个团体中既有男人又有女人时， 单数代词的词性怎么确定呢？这个问题在单词he的用法说明中将被讨论 参见 all,any,each,either,he1neither,none〔encyclopedia〕The wordencyclopedia, which to us usually means a large set of books, descends from a phrase that involved coming to grips with the contents of such books.The Greek phrase isenkuklios paideia, made up of enkuklios, "cyclical, periodic, ordinary,” and paideia, "education,” and meaning "general education, literally the arts and sciences that a person should study to be liberally educated.”Copyists of Latin manuscripts took this phrase to be the Greek wordenkuklopaedia, with the same meaning, and this spurious Greek word became the New Latin wordencyclopaedia, coming into English with the sense "general course of instruction,” first recorded in 1531.In New Latin the word was chosen as the title of a reference work covering all knowledge.The first such use in English is recorded in 1644.单词encyclopedia 对我们而言通常是指一大套书， 来源于一个涉及掌握这类书内容的短语。希腊片语enkuklios paideia 是由下列两个词组成的 enkuklios “循环的，周期性，平常的”以及 paideia “教育”， 含义是“普通教育，从字面上说就是一个想接受通才教育的人所应该学习的艺术和科学知识”。拉丁文手稿的抄录者将此片语当成了带有相同词义的希腊词enkuklopaedia ， 而该谬传的希腊词又构成为新拉丁语词encyclopaedia ， 带着其“指导教育的普遍课程”之语意又进入英语，最先记载于1531年。在新拉丁语中该词被选中作为一本覆盖各科知识的参考著作的书名。在英国首次这样的用法记载于1644年〔gout〕"and makes it bleed great gouts of blood"(Oscar Wilde)“使它一大股一大股地流血”(奥斯卡·怀尔德)〔street〕Street A district, such as Wall Street in New York City, that is identified with a specific profession. Often used withthe. Street 某一大街：被视为与某一特殊职业等同的地区；如纽约市的华尔街，通常与the 连用 〔large〕a large sum of money;一大笔数目的钱；〔thallophyte〕Any of a group of plantlike organisms showing no differentiation into stem, root, or leaf, including the algae, fungi, and lichens, formerly regarded as constituting a major division of the plant kingdom.菌藻植物：泛指一类根、茎或叶无区别的植物样生物，包括藻类，真菌和地衣，以前认为是组成植物王国的一大分支〔amphibole〕Any of a large group of structurally similar hydrated double silicate minerals, such as hornblende, containing various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum.角闪石：一大类结构相似的水合双硅酸盐矿石，如角闪石，包含各种钠、钙、镁、铁和铝的组合〔footnote〕Something related to but of lesser importance than a larger work or occurrence:无足轻重的事：与某一大的范畴或事件有关但不重要的事：〔tousle〕A disheveled mass, as of hair.被弄乱的一大团，如头发〔assign〕 Allocate usually means to set something apart from a larger quantity, as of money, for a specific purpose or for a particular person or group: Allocate 常常指为了一特定目的，或特殊的一个人或一组人将某一部分从一大的整体中分出来，如钱： 〔web〕A large continuous roll of paper, such as newsprint, either in the process of manufacture or as it is fed into a web press.卷筒纸的一卷：在制造过程中或已进入新闻出版网的一大卷连续不断的纸，如新闻纸〔dollop〕A large lump or portion of a solid matter:大块，大团：一大团或一大份固体物：〔haze〕To initiate, as into a college fraternity, by exacting humiliating performances from or playing rough practical jokes upon.戏弄：通过苛刻的侮辱性的表演或被恶作剧捉弄而加入，如一大学的大学生联谊会等〔ascomycete〕Any of various members of a large group of fungi characterized by the presence of sexually produced spores formed within an ascus. Also called sac fungus 子囊菌：一大组真菌的一种，其特点是在子囊里经由有性生殖而产生的孢子 也作 sac fungus〔residence〕an artist in residence at a college.住在某一大学里的一个艺术家 |
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