| 单词 | 一战 |
| 释义 | 〔escadrille〕A unit of a European air command, as in France during World War I, typically containing six aircraft.飞行小分队：欧洲空军司令部的组成单位，例如在一战中的法国，通常由6架飞机组成〔Dawes〕Vice President of the United States (1925-1929) under Calvin Coolidge. He shared the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for proposing the Dawes Plan to reduce Germany's World War I reparations.道威斯，查尔斯·盖茨：(1865-1951) 卡尔文·库利奇时的美国副总统(1925-1929年）。因提议减少德国一战赔款问题的道威斯计划而获得了1925年诺贝尔和平奖〔Munich〕A city of southeast Germany near the Bavarian Alps southeast of Augsburg. Founded in 1158, it has long been the center of Bavaria. Adolf Hitler organized the Nazi Party here after World War I and signed the Munich Pact, widely regarded as a symbol of appeasement, with Great Britain, France, and Italy in 1938. The city was largely rebuilt after extensive Allied bombing in World War II. Munich was the site of the 1972 Summer Olympics. Population, 1,267,451.慕尼黑：德国东南部城市，位于奥格斯堡东南，靠近巴伐利亚州境内的阿尔卑斯山脉。1158年建成，长期为巴伐利亚州的中心。一战后阿尔道夫·希特勒在这里成立纳粹党并且签署了被公认为是1938德国与英国、法国、意大利的绥靖政策的标志的《慕尼黑协定》。在二战中盟军的全面轰炸后该城市大规模重建。慕尼黑是1972年夏季奥运会举办地。人口1,267,451〔Gaul〕An ancient region of western Europe south and west of the Rhine River, west of the Alps, and north of the Pyrenees, corresponding roughly to modern-day France and Belgium. The Romans extended the designation to include northern Italy, particularly after Julius Caesar's conquest of the area in the Gallic Wars (58-51b.c. ). 高卢，加利亚：西欧的一古老地区，在莱茵河南部和西部，阿尔卑斯山西部，比利牛斯山北部，基本相当于现代的法国和比利时。罗马人把其疆域扩展到包括北意大利，尤其是当朱利斯·凯撒在高卢一战中征服此地区后（公元前 58-51年） 〔Foch〕French marshal and commander in chief of Allied forces on the western front during World War I.福煦，费迪南德：(1851-1929) 法国元帅，一战中西线的协约国总司令〔Krupp〕German family of steel and munitions manufacturers, includingFriedrich (1787-1826), who founded the Krupp Works in Essen (1811), and his son Alfred (1812-1887), who there began the production of ordnance (c. 1847). Alfred's granddaughter Bertha (1886-1957) and her husband Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (1870-1950) were important in the secret rearming of Germany after World War I. 克鲁伯：德国的钢铁和军火生产家族，包括弗利德里希 （1787-1826年），他在埃森建立克鲁伯工厂（1811年），他的儿子 阿尔弗雷德 （1812-1887年），在那开始了军火生产（1847年）。阿尔弗雷德的外孙女 伯莎 （1886-1957年）和她的丈夫 古斯塔夫·克鲁伯·冯·波伦·哈尔巴赫 （1870-1950年），他们对于一战后在德国秘密地重新武装起了重要作用 〔Tucker〕American anarchist whose own writings and translations of Proudhon and Bakunin influenced American radical thought before World War I.塔克，本杰明·里克松：(1854-1939) 美国无政府主义者，他翻译的普鲁东和巴库宁的作品及自己的作品在一战前影响了美国的激进思潮〔doughboy〕An American infantryman in World War I.一战时的美国步兵〔Sassoon〕British writer known for his antiwar poems, based on his combat experience in World War I, and for his fictionalized three-volume autobiography, first published asThe Memoirs of George Sherston (1928-1936). 萨松，齐格弗里德·洛林：(1886-1967) 英国作家，以写反战诗著名，他的反战诗以其在一战中的经历为基础。还写有小说体自传三部曲《乔治·舍斯顿回忆录》 （1928-1936年）也很有名 〔Barbusse〕French writer and editor whose works includeUnder Fire (1916), a novel based on his World War I experiences. His disillusionment led him to pacifism and later to communism. 巴比塞，亨利：(1873-1935) 法国作家和编辑，其作品包括《炮火下》 （1916年），一部以他在一战中的经历为基础的小说。他的觉悟使他转向和平主义后又转向共产主义 〔Luger〕A German semiautomatic pistol introduced before World War I and widely used by German troops in World War II.卢格手枪：一战前制造的德式半自动手枪，德国部队在二战中普遍使用〔Kolchak〕Russian admiral of the Black Sea fleet during World War I. He led the White Russians against the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution (1917). Recognized by the Allies as the head of the provisional Russian government (1918-1920), he was captured and shot by the Bolsheviks.高尔察克，亚历山大·瓦西里耶维奇：(1874?-1920) 一战期间俄罗斯黑海舰队的司令，在十月革命以后（1917年），他率领俄罗斯白军与布尔什维克作战。他得到同盟国承认的俄国临时政府的首领地位（1918-1920年），后来被布尔什维克俘虏并处决〔Nansen〕Norwegian explorer, zoologist, and politician who led an Arctic expedition (1893-1896) and directed the League of Nations relief programs for refugees of World War I. He won the 1922 Nobel Peace Prize.南森，弗里德托夫：(1861-1930) 挪威探险家、动物学者和政治家，曾领导过北极探险(1893-1896年），并组织了民族联盟救济一战难民的工作，他获得了1922年的诺贝尔和平奖〔Friedrichshafen〕A city of southern Germany on the Lake of Constance. The Zeppelin aircraft works were located here during World War I. Population, 51,094.腓特烈港：德国南部一城市，临近康斯坦茨湖。一战期间齐柏林飞艇工厂位于此地。人口51,094〔Fisher〕British admiral who revamped and revitalized the British navy in preparation for World War I.费歇尔，约翰·阿巴思诺特：(1841-1920) 英国海军上将，改革英国海军使之重振威风，为一战作了准备〔Flagg〕American artist and writer best known for his World War I recruiting poster of Uncle Sam saying "I Want You.”弗拉格，詹姆斯·蒙哥马利：(1877-1960) 美国艺术家和作家，一战中因其征兵宣传画：山姆大叔说“我需要你”而出名〔Zama〕An ancient town of northern Africa southwest of Carthage in present-day northern Tunisia. The Romans decisively defeated Hannibal here in the final battle of the Second Punic War (202b.c. ). 扎马：北非一古老城镇，位于迦太基西南，在今突尼斯北部。在第二次布匿克战争(公元前 202年）的最后一战中，罗马军在此彻底地打败了汉尼拔的军队 〔Reed〕American journalist. A World War I correspondent, he was in Petrograd during the October Revolution (1917), an experience he recounted inTen Days That Shook the World (1919). In 1919 he founded the American Communist Labor Party. Reed is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow. 里德，约翰：(1887-1920) 美国记者。一战时期记者，十月革命(1917年）时身居彼得格勒，他在《震撼世界的十日》 （1919年）中记叙了这段经历。在1919年他建立了美国共产主义工人党，死后葬于莫斯科克里姆林宫 〔Kurdistan〕An extensive plateau region of southwest Asia. Since the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, it has been divided among southeast Turkey, northeast Iraq, and northwest Iran, with smaller sections in Syria and the U.S.S.R.库尔德斯坦：亚洲西南部一块宽阔的高原地区。一战后，随着奥斯曼帝国的解体，这块地区已被分成土耳其东南部、伊拉克东北部、伊朗西北部、以及叙利亚和苏联的几个小块地区〔Aegospotami〕A small river and ancient town of southern Thrace in present-day western Turkey. The culminating battle of the Peloponnesian War, in which Lysander and the Spartans destroyed the Athenian fleet, took place at the mouth of the river in 405b.c. 伊哥斯波塔米：色雷斯南部一小河及古老城镇，位于现在的土耳其西部。公元前 405年在此河口爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争的最后一战，在此战役中来山得以及斯巴达人击败了雅典舰队 〔Zimmermann〕German diplomat whose intercepted telegram to Mexico (1917), offering alliance with Germany and aid in regaining lost territories in the United States, precipitated American involvement in World War I.齐默尔曼，阿瑟：(1864-1940) 德国外交家，1917年在他给墨西哥的电报中，要求其与德国结盟并帮助他们夺回被美国占领的土地，这份电报被截获，使美国提前参加一战〔Stresemann〕German politician who served as foreign minister (1923-1929) and was largely responsible for Germany's conciliatory and cooperative policies after World War I. He shared the 1929 Nobel Peace Prize.斯特莱斯曼，古斯塔夫：(1878-1929) 德国政治家，曾任外交部长(1923年-1929年），他是一战后德国安抚和合作政策的主要负责人。1929年他与人共获诺贝尔和平奖〔Bernstorff〕German diplomat who as ambassador to the United States (1908-1917) warned his government against the use of unrestricted submarine warfare, a practice that precipitated American entry into World War I.贝恩斯托夫，约翰·亨利希·冯：(1862-1939) 德国外交家，曾做为驻美国大使（1908-1917年），建议德国政府不要使用非限制的潜艇战术，这一战术后来加快美国参加第一次世界大战 |
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