| 单词 | 一流 |
| 释义 | 〔crack〕a crack shot; a crack tennis player.神枪手；一流的网球运动员〔primo〕Exceptionally good of its kind; first-class.出类拔萃的；一流的〔copacetic〕We know very little about the origin of the wordcopacetic, meaning "excellent, first-rate.” Is its origin to be found in Italian, in the speech of southern Black people, in the Creole French dialect of Louisiana, or in Hebrew?John O'Hara, who used the word inAppointment in Samarra, later wrote thatcopacetic was "a Harlem and gangster corruption of an Italian word.” O'Hara went on to say, "I don't know how to spell the Italian,but it's something like copacetti.” His uncertainty about how to spell the Italian is paralleled by uncertainty about how to spellcopacetic itself. Copacetic has been recorded with the spellings copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic, and kopasettee. The spelling is now more or less fixed, however, ascopacetic or copasetic, even though the origin of the word has not been determined.The Harlem connection mentioned by O'Hara would seem more likely than the Italian,sincecopacetic was used by Black jazz musicians and is said to have been Southern slang in the late 19th century. Ifcopacetic is Creole French in origin, it would also have a Southern homeland.According to this explanation,copacetic came from the Creole French word coupersètique, which meant "able to be coped with,” "able to cope with anything and everything,” "in good form,”and also "having a healthy appetite or passion for life or love.”Those who support the Hebrew or Yiddish origin ofcopacetic do not necessarily deny the Southern connections of the word. One explanation has it that Jewish storekeepers used the Hebrew phrasekol bĕṣedeq, "all with justice,”when asked if things were O.K. Black children who were in the store as customers or employees heard this phrase ascopacetic. No explanation of the origin ofcopacetic, including the ones discussed here, has won the approval of scholars, as is clearly shown by the etymology ofcopacetic in the first volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English, published in 1985: "Etym unknown.” 我们对copacetic 这个词的词源所知甚少，其意为“极好的、一流的”。 它是起源于意大利语、南方黑人口语、路易斯安那州的克里奥耳人的法语方言还是希伯来语？约翰·奥哈拉在撒马拉的约会 中用到这个词， 他后来写到copacetic 是“变成哈莱姆黑人居住区和强盗土语的意大利词”。 奥哈拉还说，“我不知道原来的意大利词是如何拼写的，但是有点象copacetti"。与他不敢肯定如何拼写这个意大利词一样，他对copacetic 一词本身的拼法也不敢肯定。 Copacetic 曾经被拼写成 copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic 以及 kopasettee。 现在它的拼法多少已经固定成copacetic 或 copasetic， 尽管这个词的词源仍未被确定。奥哈拉所提及的它与哈莱姆黑人居住区的关系看上去比它和意大利语的关系更有可能，因为黑人爵士歌手曾用过copacetic 这个词，并且据说在19世纪晚期它曾是南方的俚语。 如果copacetic 在词源上是克里奥耳人的法语， 那么它也是从南方来的。根据这一解释，copacetic 来自克里奥耳人法语中 coupersetique 一词， 表示“有能力与人竞争的”、“有能力处理任何事情及一切事情的”、“以好的方式的”，还表示“对生活或爱情有正常的欲望或激情的”。那些认为copacetic 来自希伯来语或意第绪语的人并不一定否认这个词与南方的关系。 一种解释认为，犹太店主们在被询问是否一切都好时用了希伯来语中的短语kol bĕṣedeq 即“一切太平”之意， 在店里作工或买东西的黑人儿童将这个短语听成了copacetic。 在关于copacetic 词源的解释中，包括以上讨论的这些，没有一种得到学者们的认可， 这一点我们可以在美国方言英语辞典 （1985年出版）第一册关于 copacetic 一词的词源解释中清楚地看到：“词源不知” 〔undercurrent〕A current, as of air or water, below another current or beneath a surface.潜流：处天于另一流层下的急流或水流〔marvelous〕Of the highest or best kind or quality; first-rate:最佳的：在性质或品质上最好的或绝妙的；一流的：〔P〕First class (airline transportation).一流的（航空运输）〔backstop〕"The firm lacks a topflight strategic-consulting arm to backstop its technology gurus"(Alex Beam)“这个公司缺少一流的战略协商助手来支持它的技术权威”(亚历克斯·比姆)〔snooty〕High-class; exclusive.一流的；唯一的〔tumble〕We tumbled on a first-rate restaurant.我们偶然发现一个一流的饭馆〔appendage〕"an internationally known first-class hotel . . . equipped with such appurtenances as computers, word processors, copiers and telex" (Oscar Millard). An “一家举世闻名一流饭店…装备有计算机、文字处理机、复印机及传真机等设施” （奥斯卡·密拉德）。〔nifty〕First-rate; great:一流的；极好的：〔cool〕has a cool sports car; had a cool time at the party.拥有一流的跑车；在晚会上玩得好极了〔marvelous〕has a marvelous collection of rare books.拥有一流珍本书籍的收藏〔prize〕our prize azaleas.我们一流的杜鹃花〔Dana〕American scientist whose textbooks established him as the foremost geologist of his time.达纳，詹姆斯·德怀特：(1813-1895) 美国科学家，他的教科书为他成为那个时代一流的地质学家奠定了基础〔boss〕First-rate; topnotch.一流的；顶好的〔able〕He was able to get himself accepted by a top law school. 他可以使自己被一所一流法律学校所录取。 〔tiptop〕Excellent; first-rate:优秀的；一流的：〔scold〕"As a critic gets older, he or she usually grows more tetchy and . . . may even become a big-league scold"(James Wolcott)“当一个批评家衰老的时候，通常变得更为暴躁…甚至会成为一流的骂街者”(詹姆斯·沃尔科特)〔superb〕a superb wine; superb skill.极好的酒；一流的技巧〔copacetic〕Excellent; first-rate:极好的；一流的：〔super〕Excellent; first-rate:极为的；一流的：〔crack〕Excelling in skill or achievement; first-rate:一流的，顶尖的：在技艺或成就上超群的；第一流的： |
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