| 单词 | 一群牛 |
| 释义 | 〔spree〕A spending spree seems a far cry from a cattle raid,yet etymologists have suggested that the wordspree comes from the Scots word spreath, "cattle raid.” The wordspree is first recorded in a poem in Scots dialect in 1804 in the sense of "a lively outing.” This sense is closely connected with a sense recorded soon afterward (in 1811), "a drinking bout,”while the familiar sense "an overindulgence in an activity,”as in aspending spree, is recorded in 1849. Scots and Irish dialect also have a sense "a fight,”which may help connect the word and the sense "lively outing" with the Scots wordspreath, meaning variously, "booty,” "cattle taken as spoils,” "a herd of cattle taken in a raid,” and "cattle raid.” The Scots word comes from Irish and Scottish Gaelicspréidh, "cattle,” which in turn ultimately comes from Latin praeda, "booty.” This last link reveals both the importance of the Latin language to Gaelicand a connection between cattle and plunder in earlier Irish and Scottish societies.狂欢作乐似乎与牛的袭击相去甚远，然而词源学表明spree 来自苏格兰语 spreath “牛的袭击”。 Spree 在1804年首次出现于苏格兰方言写成的一首诗中，意为“活跃的出游”。 这个意思与不久之后(1811年）出现的意思“狂饮”很接近，而相近的意思“无节制的狂热行为”，比如spending spree 于1849年出现。 苏格兰和爱尔兰方言还有“打架”的意思，这可能有助于将该词同其意义与苏格兰语spreath 的不同意思相联系，这些意思为“战利品”、“作为掠夺品的牛”、“袭击中所得的一群牛”或“牛袭击”。 这个苏格兰词来自爱尔兰和苏格兰盖尔人的语言 spréidh “牛”（此词最终源自拉丁语 praeda “战利品”）。 这一最后的联系不仅表明拉丁语同盖尔语的重要联系，也表明早期爱尔兰和苏格兰社会中牛和劫掠的联系〔flock〕 Herd is used of a number of animals, especially cattle, herded by human beings;or of wild animals such as antelope, elephants, and zebras;or of whales and seals.Applied to people,it is used disparagingly of a crowd or of the massesand suggests the gregarious aspect of crowd psychology. Herd 用来指一群牛等由人放养的动物；或是羚羊、大象和斑马等野生动物；也可指鲸或海豹。用于指人时，是对一群人或群众的蔑称，并且暗指大众心理的群体性特征。〔flock〕 Drove is used of a herd or flock of cattle, sheep, geese, or the like, that are being moved or driven from one place to another;less often it refers to a crowd of people in movement. Drove 用于指一堆或一群牛、羊、鹅或其它类似的被赶着从一处到另一处的动物；偶尔也指一群行进中的人。 |
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