| 单词 | 一部分 |
| 释义 | 〔subcomponent〕A portion of a component, especially a piece of electronic equipment that can be incorporated into a component of a larger unit; a subassembly:亚元件：元件之一部分，尤指能装配于一更大单位的元件上的电子元件；分组合件：〔autoplasty〕Surgical repair or reconstruction of a body part using tissue taken from another part of the body.自体移植术，自体成形术：用取自同一身体的另一部分对身体一部分的外科修补或重塑〔Numidia〕An ancient country of northwest Africa corresponding roughly to present-day Algeria. It was part of the Carthaginian empire before the Punic Wars and became a separate kingdom after 201b.c. Conquered by Rome in 46 b.c. and invaded by the Vandals in the fifth century a.d. , Numidia was overrun by the Arabs in the eighth century. 努米底亚：非洲西北部的一个古国，大致在今天的阿尔及利亚。在古迦太基战争前是迦太基帝国的一部分，公元前 20年成为独立王国， 公元前 46年被罗马征服， 公元后 5世纪被汪达尔人侵略，8世纪大批阿拉伯人来到努米底亚 〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔band〕Any of the distinct grooves on a long-playing phonograph record that contains an individual selection or a separate section of a whole.凹槽：慢速照片上任何清晰的纹路，该照片包含个别选择或整体中一部分〔autacoid〕An organic substance, such as a hormone, produced in one part of an organism and transported by the blood, lymph, or sap to another part of the organism where it exerts a physiologic effect on that part.内分泌物，内分泌素：有机生物的一部分产生的有机物质，如激素，由血液、淋巴或体液运输至有机生物的另一部分并对该部分施加生理效应〔Guangdong〕A province of southeast China on the South China Sea. It has been part of China since c. 200b.c. Guangzhou is the capital. Population, 62,530,000. 广东：中国东南部一省，位于中国南海之滨。自公元前 200年即为中国的一部分。省会为广州。人口62,530,000 〔tumbler〕The part in a lock that releases the bolt when moved by a key.制动栓：转动钥匙时可打开锁簧的一种锁的一部分〔give〕To allot as a portion or share.分配：作为一部分或份额派定或分配〔Kentucky〕A state of the east-central United States. It was admitted as the 15th state in 1792. Daniel Boone's Transylvania Company made the first permanent settlement in the area in 1775. By the Treaty of Paris (1783) the territory became part of the United States. Frankfort is the capital and Louisville the largest city. Population, 3,698,969.肯塔基州：美国中东部一州。1772年作为第十五个州加入联邦。丹尼尔·布恩的特兰西法尼亚公司在1775年首次在此永久性定居。通过《巴黎和约》（1783年），此区成为美国一部分。法兰克福是其首府，路易斯维尔是最大城市。人口3,698,969〔Chesapeake〕An independent city of southeast Virginia south of Norfolk. Its vast area includes residential communities, farmland, and a section of the Great Dismal Swamp. Population, 151,976.切萨皮克：美国弗尼吉亚州东南部自治城市，位于诺福克以南。包括住宅社区、农场以及斯默尔大沼泽的一部分在内的广大地区。人口151,976〔due〕Expecting or ready for something as part of a normal course or sequence:该到的：预料或准备某事作为正常过程或程序的一部分到来的：〔check〕The wordscheck , chess , and shah are all related. Shah, as one might think, is a borrowing into English of the Persian title for the monarch of that country.The Persian wordshāh was also a term used in chess, a game played in Persia long before it was introduced to Europe.One saidshāh as a warning when the opponent's king was under attack. The Persian word in this sense,after passing through Arabic,probably Old Spanish, and then Old French,came into Middle English aschek about seven hundred years ago. Chess itself comes from a plural form of the Old French word that gave us the word check. Checkmate, the next stage after check, goes back to the Arabic phraseshāh māt, meaning "the king is stymied.”Through a complex development having to do with senses that evolved from the notion of checking the king,check came to mean something used to ensure accuracy or authenticity. One such means was a counterfoil, a part of a check, for example,retained by the issuer as documentation of a transaction.Check first meant "counterfoil" and then came to mean anything,such as a bill or bank draft, with a counterfoil—or eventually even without one.单词check ， chess 和 shah 是互相关联的。 Shah 就象有人可能想象的那样， 是英语里的外来词，原指波斯国王的称号。波斯词语shah 也是国际象棋中的术语， 国际象棋在被引进欧洲之前早就在波斯流传。当对手的“国王”受到攻击时我们说shah 作为一种警告。 这个意义的波斯单词，通过阿拉伯语，可能还有古西班牙语和后来的古法语，大约在七百年前被收入中世纪英语中chek 。 Chess 本身来自于古法语 check 的复数形式。 Checkmate ，是 check 的下一步， 来自于阿拉伯短语shah mat， 意思是“国王进退两难”。从对“国王”将军这个概念演化而来，check 的含义经历了复杂的发展过程，它后来指用以确保准确性或真实性的某种东西。 例如，其中一个含义是指作为支票的一部分的存根，由签发支票的人保留作为交易的单据。Check 最初是指“存根”， 后来指任何有存根的东西，如帐单或银行汇票等，最后甚至指没有存根的东西〔slough〕Also slue A stagnant swamp, marsh, bog, or pond, especially as part of a bayou, an inlet, or a backwater. 也作 slue 停滞的水域，泥泞的沼泽：浑浊的沼泽、湿地、泥塘或池塘，尤指作为海湾、水湾或死水的一部分〔seat〕The surface or part on which another part sits or rests.支座：另一部分坐落在或安置在其上的表面或部分〔cut〕A part that has been cut from a main body:切片：从主体上切割下来的一部分：〔Bukovina〕A historical region of eastern Europe in western Ukraine and northeast Romania. A part of the Roman province of Dacia, it was overrun by barbarian hordes after the third centurya.d. The area was later controlled by Kiev, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria. 布科维纳：布欧的一个历史地区，位于马克兰西部和罗马尼亚东北部，是德西亚的罗马省的一部分公元 3世纪以后被野蛮部落统治。该地区后来被基辅、土耳其帝国和奥地利所统治 〔militia〕A military force that is not part of a regular army and is subject to call for service in an emergency.预备役部队：不作为正规军的一部分，准备在紧急情况下服役的武装力量〔yoke〕A piece of a garment that is closely fitted, either around the neck and shoulders or at the hips, and from which an unfitted or gathered part of the garment is hung.披肩、裙腰：紧贴颈部和肩部或臀部的一部分衣服，衣服的不合适和皱褶部分从这里下垂〔subinfeudation〕The sublease of a portion of a feudal estate by a vassal to a subtenant who pays fealty to the vassal.采邑分租，分封地：由一条邑主将封建领地的一部分分给转佃承佃人，而转佃承佃人则应向采邑主宣誓效忠〔French〕Abbr. Fr.,F.The Romance language of France, parts of Switzerland and Belgium, and other countries formerly under French influence or control.缩写 Fr.,F.罗曼语：法国，瑞士与比利时的一部分和其它先前受法国影响或控制的国家的语言〔agon〕The part of an ancient Greek drama, especially a comedy, in which two characters engage in verbal dispute.辩论：古希腊戏剧的一部分，尤指喜剧中涉及两个人物的口头争辩〔steerage〕The section of a passenger ship, originally near the rudder, providing the cheapest passenger accommodations.统舱：客轮中提供最便宜旅客住宿的一部分，原指船尾〔partake〕To take or have a part or share; participate.拿走或占有一部分或一份儿；参与〔Castagno〕Florentine painter noted for hisLast Supper, part of the Passion of Christ Cycle that he painted for the Church of Sant' Apollonia in Florence. 卡斯特格诺，安德烈亚·德尔：(1423-1457) 佛罗伦萨画家，以他的《最后的晚餐》 著名，该作品是他为佛罗伦萨的圣·阿波罗尼亚教堂所画的基督受难的一部分 〔Judea〕An ancient region of southern Palestine comprising present-day southern Israel and southwest Jordan. In the time of Jesus it was a kingdom ruled by the Herods and part of the Roman province of Syria.朱迪亚：古代巴勒斯坦南部地区，包括今以色列南部及约旦西南部。耶稣在世时，它是由希律王室所统治的王国，也是罗马帝国叙利亚行省的一部分〔constituent〕Serving as part of a whole; component:组成的：作为整体一部分的；组成的：〔Kordofanian〕A small group of related languages spoken in Sudan and forming part of the Niger-Kordofanian language family.科尔多凡语：在苏丹讲的相关语言的一个小语群，是尼日尔-科尔多凡语系的一部分〔wing〕A section of a large building devoted to a specific purpose:边房，部门：专门供给某种需要的一座大的建筑物的一部分：〔bearing〕The part of an arch or beam that rests on a support.支架：搁在支撑物上的拱架或梁的一部分〔feedback〕The return of a portion of the output of a process or system to the input, especially when used to maintain performance or to control a system or process.反馈：一个过程或系统的一部分由输出向输入的返回，尤指用来维持运转或控制一个系统或过程〔transillumination〕The passing of a light through the walls of a body part or organ to facilitate medical inspection.透视法：用一束光照过身体的一部分或器官以进行医学检查〔pipe〕A section or piece of such a tube.截导管：这种管子的一部分或一段〔bone〕The dense, semirigid, porous, calcified connective tissue forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates. It consists of a dense organic matrix and an inorganic, mineral component.骨质，骨骼：构成大多数脊椎动物骨架主要部分的稠密的、半刚性的、多孔的、钙化的连结组织。它一部分由有机质，一部分由无机矿物成分构成〔pass〕To cause to move as part of a process:使通过某一个程序：作为一个过程的一部分而使…移动：〔Chechnya〕A region of southwest Russia in the northern Caucasus bordering on Georgia. Conquered by Russia in the 19th century, it later formed part of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Chechnya declared its independence from the USSR in 1991. Russian troops invaded in late 1994, and fighting continued until 1996, when Russia and Chechnya signed an accord calling for an end to hostilities and the opening of negotiations on Chechnya's future political status.车臣：俄罗斯西南部地区，位于与格鲁吉亚共和国接壤的高加索北部。19世纪该地区被俄罗斯征服后成为车臣-印古什自治苏维埃社会主义共和国的一部分。1991年车臣宣告脱离苏联而独立。1994下半年俄罗斯军队入侵车臣，1996年俄罗斯与车臣签订和平条约要求结束对立并开始协商车臣未来的政治地位，至此这场战争宣告结束〔neurectomy〕Surgical removal of a nerve or part of a nerve.神经切除：神经或其一部分的外科节除手术〔calve〕To break at an edge, so that a portion separates. Used of a glacier or an iceberg.崩解：在边缘崩裂以致一部分分离开去。用于冰川或冰山〔cappuccino〕The history of the wordcappuccino exemplifies how words can develop new senses because of resemblances that the original coiners of the terms might not have dreamed possible.The Capuchin order of friars, established after 1525,played an important role in bringing Catholicism back to Reformation Europe.Its Italian name came from the long, pointed cowl,orcappuccino, derived fromcappuccio, "hood,” that was worn as part of the order's habit.The French version ofcappuccino was capuchin (now capucin ), from which came EnglishCapuchin. The name of this pious order was later used as the name (first recorded in English in 1785) for a type of monkey with a tuft of black, cowllike hair.In Italiancappuccino went on to develop another sense, "espresso coffee mixed or topped with steamed milk or cream,”so called because the color of the coffee resembled the color of the habit of a Capuchin friar.The first use ofcappuccino in English is recorded in 1948 in a work about San Francisco. cappuccino 一词的历史很好地说明了词语如何可以因一些相似性而发展出新的意思， 而这些词的创造者也许做梦都没想过这些相似性是可能的。嘉布遣会建于1525年后，在将天主教带回经历宗教改革的欧洲的过程中发挥了重要作用。它的意大利语名称来自一种长而尖的蒙斗篷，或称cappuccino， 这个词又来自coppuccio， 意为“风帽”， 蒙头斗篷是这一派修士所穿衣服的一部分。Cappuccino 在法语中成了 capuchin （现在是 capucin ）， 英语中的Capuchin 就来自这个法语词。 这一虔诚教派的名字后来被用来作一种带一撮黑色的、蒙面斗篷似毛发的驴子的名字（于1785年首次用英语记录）。在意大利语中，cappuccino 接着又发展出一个新的意思， 意为“混以或加入煮过的牛奶或奶油的浓别啡，”这样叫是因为这种咖啡的颜色类似于嘉布遣会修士所穿衣服的颜色。Cappuccino 在英语中的第一次使用记载于1948年一本关于旧金山的著作中 〔Waziristan〕A mountainous region of northwest Pakistan on the Afghanistan border, divided intoNorth Waziristan and South Waziristan. The region became part of Pakistan in 1947. 瓦齐里斯坦：巴基斯坦西北部山区，靠阿富汗边界，被分成北瓦齐里斯坦 和 南瓦齐里斯坦 。此地区于1947年成为巴基斯坦一部分 |
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