| 单词 | 一首 |
| 释义 | 〔croon〕crooning a lullaby.轻声哼唱一首摇篮曲〔hymn〕To praise, glorify, or worship in or as if in a hymn.赞美：在…赞美，神圣化或崇拜，或好象在一首赞美诗里一样〔rhymester〕A minor or inferior poet.See Synonyms at poet 一首低等的或劣等的诗 参见 poet〔ambiguity〕a poem full of ambiguities.一首充满模棱两可词句的诗〔lampoon〕perhaps from lampons [let us drink (from a common refrain in drinking songs)] [first person pl. imperative of] lamper [to gulp down] 可能源自 lampons [让我们喝（来自一首饮酒歌的普通章节）] lamper的祈使语气动词的第一人称复数 [一饮而尽] 〔chivvy〕from Chevy Chase [title of a ballad about a border skirmish] 源自 Chevy Chase [一首关于一场边境冲突的民谣的标题] 〔Iliad〕The older of the two surviving ancient Greek epic poems, traditionally ascribed to Homer but containing material composed orally over several centuries. It begins with the wrathful withdrawal of the Greek hero Achilles from the fighting in the Trojan War and ends after his return to slay the Trojan hero Hector.伊里亚特叙式诗：两首仅存的古代希腊史诗中较古老的那一首，长久以来传为荷马所著，但包含着数个世纪以来以口述所创作的内容，其内容描述期间始于希腊英雄阿契里斯在特洛伊战争的打斗中愤怒地撤退，终于他回来杀害了特洛伊英雄海克特之后〔jingo〕From the phrase by jingo [used in the refrain of a bellicose 19th-century English music-hall song] 源自片语 by jingo [用于19世纪的一首好斗性的英文歌舞杂耍歌曲的叠歌中] 〔ode〕A lyric poem of some length, usually of a serious or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal stanzaic structure.颂，歌：一首有一定长度的抒情诗，通常具有庄重或思考的性质，风格严肃和有正式的诗节结构〔oldie〕Something old, especially a song that was once popular.旧时的车：陈旧的东西，尤指一首曾风行一时的歌〔canto〕One of the principal divisions of a long poem.诗章：一首长诗的主要部分之一〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔bat〕bat out a speech; bat out dance music.草草撰写演讲稿；赶写一首舞曲〔engrossing〕listened to an engrossing symphony.听一首引人入胜的交响乐〔wrest〕wrest the meaning from an obscure poem.从一首晦涩的诗里汲取含义〔catchy〕a song with a catchy tune.一首调子好记的歌〔chorus〕A repeat of the opening statement of a popular song played by the whole group.迭句：由全部成员表演的一首流行歌曲的开场白的重复〔chorus〕A solo section based on the main melody of a popular song and played by a member of the group.独唱部分：一首流行歌曲主旋律上的独唱部分，由乐队一名成员演唱〔stratum〕a complex poem with many strata of meaning.一首含有多层意义的复杂的诗〔Hudibrastic〕After Hudibras [a satiric epic by Samuel Butler] 源自 Hudibras [萨缪尔·巴特勒写的一首讽刺史诗] 〔Lucretius〕Roman philosopher and poet who is famous forDe Rerum Natura ( On the Nature of Things ), a long poem that attempts to explain the universe in scientific terms in order to free people from superstition and fear of the unknown. 卢克莱修：罗马的哲学家和诗人。他的《De Rerum Natura》 （ 《论量物的本性》 ），是一首为了把人们从迷信和对不可知的恐惧中解放出来试图用科学词汇解释宇宙的长诗 〔strophe〕The first of a pair of stanzas of alternating form on which the structure of a given poem is based.第一诗节：形式变化的一对诗节中的第一节，在此基础上形成了一首给定诗的结构〔acrostic〕An acrostic gives the reader two for one,and the etymology of the word emphasizes one of these two.Our word goes back to the Greek wordakrostikhis, "acrostic,” which is a combination of Greekakron, "head,” and stikhos, "row, line of verse.” Literallyakrostikhis means "the line at the head,” emphasizing the fact that an acrostic has in addition to horizontal rows a vertical row formed of the letters at the "head" or start of each line.In ancient manuscripts, in which a line of verse did not necessarily correspond to a line of text,an acrostic would have looked particularly striking, with each of its lines standing by itself and beginning with a capital letter.Our word for this type of composition is first found in English in the 16th century.离合诗一词实际上有两种含义，在此这个词的语源只强调其中的一种。此词可追溯到希腊词akrostikhis “藏头诗”， 是希腊字akron “头，”和 stikhos “诗行”的合并。 akrostikhis 本来指“在开头的诗行”， 强调一首离合诗除了水平方向的行数外，还有由每一行的“头”或起首词组成的垂直方向的诗行。在古代的作品中，一诗行并不一定要和文章中的一行相对应。一首离合诗，当其每一行单列出来，且以一大写字母开头， 那就非常引人注目了。在英语中首次用藏头诗一词表示这种作品是在16世纪〔sing〕sang a love song.唱一首爱情歌曲〔complex〕The composer transformed a simple folk tune into a complex set of variations.这位作曲家把一首简单的民歌小调改编成一首复杂的变奏曲。〔call〕a love song that calls forth sad memories.一首引起我悲伤回忆的爱情歌曲〔jingle〕A piece of light singsong verse or rhyme.诗文：一首轻快且有节奏的简单的诗文或押韵诗〔commission〕commissioned a new symphony for the festival.为这个节庆受托写一首新的交响乐曲〔cut〕A single selection of music from a recording, especially a phonograph recording.唱片：某一录制品，尤指唱片中的一首单一选曲〔busker〕"A sun-warmed busker fiddles some Vivaldi near the subway exit north of the White House"(New York Times)“在白宫北面的地铁口附近，一位沐浴在阳光下的街头艺人用提琴演奏一首维瓦尔第的曲子”(纽约时报)〔design〕the overall design of an epic poem.一首史诗的总体方案〔Jones〕American locomotive engineer who died trying to stop his train from crashing into another train. A friend wrote "The Ballad of Casey Jones,” a popular song about his heroic death.琼斯，约翰·卢瑟：(1864-1900) 美国火车司机，因努力使火车避免与另一辆火车相撞而死亡。他的一个朋友写了《凯西·琼斯之歌》，这是一首关于他舍生救人故事的流行歌曲〔shallow〕"This is a shallow parody of America"(Lloyd Rose)See Synonyms at superficial “这是美国的一首浅显游戏诗文”(劳埃德·罗斯) 参见 superficial〔Dyer〕British poet noted primarily for "Grongar Hill" (1726), one of the first romantic pastoral poems.戴尔，约翰：(1699-1757) 英国诗人，主要以诗歌“格伦哥山”(1726年）著名，这是一首早期浪漫主义田园诗〔octosyllable〕A poem having eight syllables in each line.一首每行有八个音节的诗 |
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