| 单词 | 不但 |
| 释义 | 〔sign〕"the gale having rather increased than shown any symptoms of abating" (Frederick Marryat).“大风不但没有显示出任何变小的迹象，反而越刮越大” （弗雷德里克·马里亚特）。〔pratfall〕"His characters not only survive their snarled problems and pratfalls but learn from their experiences"(Joyce Carol Oates)“他不但在他们复杂的问题及可答的失误中保持自身的名誉而且还从他们的经验中获益”(乔伊丝·卡罗尔·奥茨)〔choose〕"Not only do I knock 'em out, I pick the round" (Muhammad Ali). “我不但能击倒，我还能挑选在哪一回合击倒” （默罕默德·阿里）〔get〕got nothing but trouble for her efforts.她的努力不但徒劳无功，反而惹来一身麻烦〔detract〕a decorating scheme that detracts but does not enhance.一个不但没增色反而减色的装修方案〔extemporaneous〕Offhand implies not only spontaneity but also a casual or even cavalier manner: Offhand 不但表示自发的，也表示不经意的甚至漫不经心的举止的： 〔confuse〕"The old labels . . . confuse debate instead of clarifying it"(Christopher Lasch)“旧的标签…不但无法澄清议题，反而使它更加模糊了”(克里斯托夫·拉希)〔examine〕A student who is being examined might prefer at times to deal with a swarm of bees rather than be weighed in the balance once again.The history of the wordexamine involves both phenomena. Examine, first recorded in English in a work composed before 1338,goes back to the Latin wordexāmināre, which in turn is derived fromexāmen, meaning both "a swarm of bees" and "the apparatus or process of weighing, balance.” Exāmen has these senses because it is formed from the prefixex-, "out of,” and the root .ag-, "to drive, force.” The semantic possibilities of this combination are shown by the senses of the related verbexigere, which meant "to drive out,” "to exact payment,” "to demand,” and "to inquire after or into.”The verbexāmināre derived from exāmen has the sense "to swarm" as well as the senses "to weigh, balance,” and "to consider critically.”一个正在考试的学生有时宁愿去对付一群蜜蜂也不愿再一次参加考试。examine 这个词的历史涉及到以上两种现象。 Examine 在英文最早的记录是出现于1338年以前的一本书中，回溯到拉丁文中的examinare， 其源自examen， 意思不但包括“蜂群”，还包括“衡量和平衡的程序或装置”。 Examen 具有这些含义是因为它由前缀ex-， 意为“超出”，和词根 ag-， 意为“驱使，强迫”组成的。 这个组合在语义上包含的几种可能被相关动词exigere 的意义表达出来， 它的含义有“赶出”、“要求支付”、“需要”和“问候或调查”。examinare 这个动词源自 examen， 含有“云集”的意思， 同时也有“衡量、平衡”和“吹毛求疵地考虑”等含义〔strange〕"Now, my suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose" (J.B.S. Haldane).“现在，我的怀疑是宇宙不但比我们所假想的要奇异，而且比我们能 假想的还要奇异” (J·B·S·霍尔丹）。〔seersucker〕Through its name, seersucker, a lightweight fabric for summer suits and dresses, gives us a glimpse at the history of India.The facts of the word's history are that it came into English from the East Indian language Hindi (śīrśakar ). The word in Hindi was borrowed from the Persian compoundshīroshakar, meaning literally "milk and sugar"but used in a figurative way for a striped linen garment.The Persian wordshakar, "sugar,” in turn came from Sanskrit śarkarā. Persian, Indian, English—clearly we are dealing with multiple cultural borrowing here,and the Persians did indeed borrow sugar and the word for sugar from India in the 6th century.During and after Tamerlane's invasion of India in the late 14th century,the opportunity for borrowing Persian things and words such asshīr-o-shakar was present, since the Mongol Turk Tamerlane incorporated Persia as well as India into his empire.It then remained for the English during the 18th century, when the East India Company and England were moving toward supremacy in India, to borrow the material and its nameseersucker (first recorded in 1722 in the form Sea Sucker ) from an Indian language. 适合制作夏季服装的一种很轻的面料，通过它的名字——泡泡纱让我们对印度历史有所了解。关于这个单词的历史事实是这个词从东印度语言——印地语(sirsakar )进入英语。 在印地语中，这个词来源于波斯语复合词shiroshakar ， 其字面意思是“牛奶和糖”，但用其比喻意来指一种有条纹的亚麻长袍。波斯语shakar 意思是“糖”，来自于梵文 sarkara 。 波斯语，印度语，英语——显而易见，这里我们要研究的是多元文化的借用，而事实上波斯人确实于公元6世纪从印度输入了糖和表示糖的单词。在14世纪后期泰摩兰入侵印度期间和之后，就有了借用波斯物品及单词，如shir-o-shakar 的机会， 因为突厥化了的蒙古人泰摩兰不但把波斯还把印度并入了自己的王国。在18世纪，当东印度公司和英国印度取得至高权威后，才从一种印度语言中输入了seersucker 的材料及名称（最初的记载形式是 Sea sucker ，出现于1722年） 〔bite〕To repay generosity or kindness with ingratitude and injury.忘恩负义：对别人的慷慨和善良不但不感激，反而伤害别人 |
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