| 单词 | 不准确 |
| 释义 | 〔estimate〕 Estimate usually implies a subjective and somewhat inexact judgment: Estimate 通常暗指主格的，多多少少有些不准确的估计： 〔error〕These nouns refer to what is not in accord with truth, accuracy, or propriety.这些名词指与真理不符、不准确或不适宜的事物。〔inaccuracy〕The quality or condition of being inaccurate.不精确：不准确的性质或状况〔sloppy〕slovenly inaccuracies.由于粗心造成的不准确。〔imprecise〕Not precise.不精确的；不准确的〔clever〕In the 17th and 18th centuries,in addition to its basic sense of "able to use the brain readily and effectively,” the wordclever acquired a constellation of imprecise but generally positive senses in regional British speech: "clean-limbed and handsome,” "neat and convenient to use,” and "of an agreeable disposition.”Some of these British regional senses, brought over when America was colonized,are still found in American regional speech,as in the South, whereclever can mean "good-natured, amiable,” in old-fashioned speech. The speech of New England extends the meaning "good-natured" to animalsin the specific sense of "easily managed, docile.”Perhaps it was the association with animals that gave rise to another meaning, "affable but not especially smart,”applicable to people when used in old-fashioned New England dialects.在17和18世纪时，clever 一词除了其基本含义“能够轻松、有效地用脑”外，还在英国方言中具有大量不准确但明确的含义， “身材匀称且英俊倜傥”、“整洁有序且便于使用”和“令人愉快的个性”。英国方言中的一部分含义是美国被殖民统治时传播开来，在美国方言中至今仍然可见，如在南部的旧式方言中，clever 可以表示“脾气好的、和蔼的”。 新英格兰方言把“脾气好的”意思拓展到动物，表示“易于管理的、温驯的”的特定含义。可能因其与动物有关而导致另一含义“友善但不是特别机敏”的产生，适用于使用旧式新英格兰方言的人〔materialize〕In its original sensesmaterialize is used intransitively to mean "to assume material form,” as inMarley's ghost materialized before Scrooge's eyes, or transitively to mean "to cause to assume material form,” as inDisney materialized his dream in a plot of orchard land in Orange County. But these uses are probably less common nowadays than two extended senses of the intransitive sense of the verb.In the first the meaning is roughly "to appear suddenly,”as inNo sooner had we set the menu down than a waiter materialized at our table. Some critics have labeled this use incorrect,but the criticism may suggest an overliteralism;used in this way,the verb has the sense "to appear as if by magic.”Materialize also means "to take effective shape, come into existence,” particularly as applied to things or events that have been foreseen or anticipated: materialize 的最初含义是作为不及物动词时意思是“具有物质形式，” 例如在玛雷的鬼魂在斯克鲁奇眼前显现了 一句中或作及物动词时意思是“使具有物质形式，” 例如在迪斯尼在奥兰治郡的一块果园实现了他的梦想 中。 但是现在这两种用法也许不如该词作为不及物动词的两种延伸的用法更为常见。第一种用法的大致意思是指“突然出现，”例如在我们刚放下菜单不久，侍者就突然出现在我们的饭桌旁 中。 一些批评家认为这种用法不准确，但是这种批评未免太拘泥于字面意思；同样这种用法下，该词还有“仿佛由于魔力而出现”的意思。Materialize 还有“显形，显效，出现”的含义， 尤其适用在已经预料到或被期望的事物。 〔Hippocrates〕Greek physician who laid the foundations of scientific medicine by freeing medical study from the constraints of philosophical speculation and superstition. He is traditionally but inaccurately considered the author of the Hippocratic oath.希波克拉底：希腊名医，通过把医学研究从学推断和迷信中解放出来来奠定了科学的医学的基础，传统上认为他是《希波克拉底誓言》的作者，但这一说法不准确〔unfaithful〕Not justly representing or reflecting the original; inaccurate.不如实的，不确切的：不公平地表现或反映原作的；不准确的〔free〕Not literal or exact:不拘泥的：不按字面的或不准确的：〔inexact〕Not strictly accurate or precise; not exact:不精确的：不很准确或精确的；不准确的：〔solecism〕from soloikizein [to speak incorrectly] 源自 soloikizein [不准确地说] 〔inaccurate〕Mistaken or incorrect; not accurate.错误的或不对的；不准确的〔inexactitude〕Lack of exactitude; inexactness.不准确：缺乏准确性；不精确〔internecine〕In the first edition of theAmerican Heritage Dictionary 91 percent of the Usage Panel approved the use ofinternecine relating to internal struggle within a nation or organization that did not necessarily imply fatal or destructive conflict.The objection that had been overcome for most of the Panel was thatinternecine should imply such destruction because it came from the Latin wordinternecīnus, a variant ofinternecīvus, "fought to the death, murderous,” ultimately derived fromnecāre, "to kill.” Inter- in this compound is simply an intensive, supplying the notion of "all the way to" in the sense "fought to the death.”Internecine in English, first recorded in 1663, indeed meant "deadly, destructive,”but Samuel Johnson, inserting the word in his dictionary of 1755,thought thatinter- meant "mutual" and so defined it as "endeavoring mutual destruction.”This definition set the word incorrectly on its present course,and wheninternecine was further extended simply to mean "relating to internal struggle,” the original error was compounded.However, the point is that the meaning of words can be changed by mistakes and that mistaken meanings adhere to words.Only an occasional etymologist points out that the emperor's new clothes are patched.在美国经典辞书 第一版中， 百分之九十一的用法专题使用小组成员赞同internecine 与一个国家或组织内部的斗争有关， 但并不一定是致命的或有破坏性的冲突。为大多数小组成员说服的反对意见为internecine 应该暗指这种破坏， 因为它来源于拉丁词internecinus ， 是internecivus 的变体，意为“战至死亡的，谋杀的”， 它最终来源于意为“杀害”的necare 。 在这个复合词中inter- 只是简单的一个强调成分， 在“战至死亡的”这个意义上加上“一直”这个概念。在英语中internecine 最早记载于1663年， 确实意味着“致死的，破坏性的”，但是塞缪尔·约翰逊在其1755年的字典中插入此词，认为inter- 意为“共同的”， 并且将它定义为“竭力造成共同破坏的”。这个定义造成此词今日用法的不准确，而且当internecine 更进一步被简单地引申为“关于内部斗争的”时， 其起源的错误就加重了。但是，重要的是词的意思被错误改变并且为错误意思所追随。只有偶尔的一个词源学家指出“皇帝的新衣服打满补丁”〔masterful〕According to a widely repeated dictum,masterful should be reserved for the sense "imperious, domineering,” as ina masterful tone of voice, whereasmasterly should be the choice when the intended sense is "having the skill of a master,” as ina masterly performance of the sonata. The distinction is a nicety that some writers will want to continue to observe.But the use ofmasterful in the latter sense has long been common in reputable writing and cannot be regarded as incorrect.根据广为强调的权威意见，masterful 应限于“支配的、专横的”的含义。 例如，一种专横傲慢的语调， 而如果想指“具备精通者的技艺”，则应该选用masterly 。 例如，一场奏鸣曲的精湛演出 。 一些作家会继续遵守这个细微区别。但在后一种含义上使用masterful 在一些享有声望的作品中也一直常见， 因此不能被看作是不准确的〔fallible〕Tending or likely to be erroneous:难免有错误的：容易弄错或可能不准确的：〔solecism〕from soloikos [speaking incorrectly] 源自 soloikos [说得不准确的] 〔inaccuracy〕An instance of being inaccurate; an error.不准确：不准确的实例；错误〔hasty〕Done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise; rash:急躁的：因做或完成得太仓促而不准确或不明智的；急躁的： |
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