| 单词 | 不及物 |
| 释义 | 〔intransitive〕Designating a verb or verb construction that does not require or cannot take a direct object, asrun or sleep. 不及物的：表示不要求或不能带直接宾语的动词或动词结构的，例如跑 或 睡 〔wake〕The pairswake, waken and awake, awaken have formed a bewildering array since the Middle English period. All four words have similar meanings, though there are some differences in use.Onlywake is used in the sense "to be awake,” as in expressions likewaking (not wakening ) and sleeping, every waking hour. Wake is also more common than waken when used together with up; andawake and awaken never occur in this context: She woke up (rarely wakened up; never awakened up or awoke up ). Some writers have suggested thatwaken should be used only transitively and awaken only intransitively, but there is ample literary precedent for usages such asHe wakened early and They did not awaken her. In figurative sensesawake and awaken are more prevalent: wake,waken 和 awake,awaken 这两对词自中古英语以来就形成令人不解的一组词。 四个词有相似的意思，尽管在用法上有差异。只有wake 用于“保持清醒”的意义， 如在waking （而非 wakening ) and sleeping, every waking hour（清醒和睡眠，每一个醒着的时刻）。 Wake在与 up 一同用时也比 waken 更常用； 并且awake 和 awaken 从不出现在这种语言环境中： She woke up （很少用 wakened up ；从不用 awakened up 或 awoke up )。 有些作家指出waken 应只用作及物的而 awaken 只用作不及物的， 但有很多文学上的用法先例,如He wakened early（他醒得早） 和 They did not awaken her（他们没惊醒她）。 在比喻意义上awake 和 awaken 更普遍： 〔neuter〕Neither active nor passive; intransitive. Used of verbs.不及物的：既不主动也不被动的；不及物的。用于指动词〔advance〕 In the figurative sense, moreover, there is a distinction between the two terms deriving from the transitive and intransitive forms of the verbadvance. The nounadvancement (unlike advance ) often implies the existence of an agent or outside force. Thus,the advance of science means simply the progress of science, whereasthe advancement of science implies progress resulting from the action of an agent or force: 然而，在比喻义上，源自动词advance 的及物和不及物形态的两个词之间具有差别。 名词advancement （不象 advance ）通常暗含行为或外部力量的存在。 因此科学的进步 简单地意味着在科学上取得的进步， 而科学的进展 暗指源自行为和力量的进步： 〔favor〕When a Southernerfavors a relative, he or she is not giving that person special privileges;rather, the Southerner looks like that relative.Favor can be either transitive— She favors her father — or intransitive with a compound subject: She and her father favor. This sense offavor goes back to early modern English: "This young lord Chamont/Favors my mother" (Ben Jonson).The verb derives from the nounfavor, which was used from the 15th to the 19th century to mean "appearance, aspect; the countenance, face": "What makes thy favor like the bloodless head/Fall'n on the block?” (Tennyson).This sense of the noun is now archaic,but the verb thrives in the English of the Southern United States.当一个南方人favors 一个亲属， 他（或她）不是给这个人特权；而是这个南方人长得像那个亲属。Favor 可以是及物的—— 她像她父亲—— 或不及物的，与复合主语连用： 她和她父亲相象。 Favor 的这种含义可以上溯到早期的现代英语： “这个年轻的贵族像我妈妈” （本·杰森）。这动词来源于名词favor， 在15世纪到19世纪被作为“外貌，样子；面貌，脸部”的意思用： “什么使你的脸毫无血色，脑袋耷拉下来?” （坦尼森）。名词的这一用法现在已经陈旧了，但动词仍在美国南部英语中流行 |
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