| 单词 | 不可避免 |
| 释义 | 〔yield〕 Capitulate implies surrender to pressure, force, compulsion, or inevitability: Capitulate 表示屈服于压力、强力、义务或不可避免性： 〔fate〕The inevitable events predestined by this force.命中注定的事：被这种力量预先决定了的不可避免的事件〔sure〕Bound to come about or happen; inevitable:必然发生的；不可避免的：〔fatalism〕Acceptance of the belief that all events are predetermined and inevitable.对宿命论的信仰：接受所有事情是预先注定、不可避免的这一信仰的接受〔necessitate〕To make necessary or unavoidable.使成为必需：使成为必然或不可避免〔necessarily〕Of necessity; inevitably.必然：必需地，不可避免地〔sure〕sure defeat.不可避免的失败〔destiny〕The inevitable or necessary fate to which a particular person or thing is destined; one's lot.See Synonyms at fate 命运：一个特定的人或事注定的不可避免的运气；命运 参见 fate〔entropy〕Inevitable and steady deterioration of a system or society.恶化，败坏：系统或社会不可避免的无法逆转的恶化或败坏〔must〕Used to indicate inevitability or certainty:表示不可避免性或者可能性：〔need〕"The rehabilitation of the cabin became a necessity" (Bret Harte).“小屋的重新修建已是不可避免的了” （布雷特·哈特）。〔can〕Only 21 percent of the Usage Panel acceptscan in the latter sentence. Butcan has a long history of use by educated speakers to express permission, particularly in British English.What is more, the blurring of the line betweencan and may is socially and historically inevitable, since politeness often makes the use ofcan preferable in the "permission" sense. For example, the sentenceYou can borrow my car if you like is a more gracious offer than You may borrow my car; the first presumes the granting of permission,while the second makes a point of it.Still, it is understandable that insistence on the use ofmay should become a traditional schoolroom ritual, particularly in first-person requests such as 用法专题使用小组中只有21%的成员接纳can 用于后面一句中。 但can 被受过教育的说话者用于表示许可已有很长的历史， 尤其是在大不列颠英语中。而且，can 和 may 之间不明显的界限从社会和历史渊源上说也是不可避免的， 因为礼貌常使can 的使用比较适宜“允许”这个意义。 例如，句子如你想要的话，你可以借用我的车 是比 你可以借用我的车； 亲切得多的提议， 第一句假定表示许可，而第二句却限定于这一点。然而，主张may 的用法应成为课堂内的惯例也是可以理解的， 尤其是在第一人称中，如 〔fatal〕 Fatal describes conditions, circumstances, or events that have caused or are destined inevitably to cause death or dire consequences: Fatal 描述条件、环境或事件已引起或注定不可避免地会引起死亡或悲惨的结果： 〔lucre〕When William Tyndale translatedaiskhron kerdos, "shameful gain" (Titus 1:11), as filthy lucre in his edition of the Bible, he was tarring the wordlucre for the rest of its existence. But we cannot lay the pejorative sense oflucre completely at Tyndale's door. He was merely a link,albeit a strong one,in a process that had begun long before with respect to the ancestor of our word,the Latin wordlucrum, "material gain, profit.” This process was probably controlled by the inevitable conjunction of profit, especially monetary profit, with evils such as greed.In Latinlucrum also meant "avarice,” and in Middle Englishlucre, besides meaning "monetary gain, profit,” meant "illicit gain.”Furthermore, many of the contexts in which the neutral sense of the word appeared were not that neutral,as in "It is a wofull thyng . . . ffor lucre of goode . . . A man to fals his othe [it is a sad thing for a man to betray his oath for monetary gain].”Tyndale thus merely helped the process along when he gave us the phrasefilthy lucre. 当威廉·廷代尔在他的《圣经》版本里把aiskhon kerdos （“可耻的收获”）翻译成 filthy lucre 时， 他就把lucre 这个词当作贬义了， 这个词以后也就这样解释了。但是我们不能把lucre 这个词的贬义全部归于廷代尔名下。 他只是整个过程的一个环节，尽管是个有力的环节，这个过程早在我们这个词的祖先，拉丁字lucrum （意为“物质获得，利润”）就开始了。 这个过程很可能与带有类似贪婪这样的罪恶利润，尤其是钱财利润不可避免地联系在一起。在拉丁文里，lucrum 也有“贪婪”的意思。 在中世纪英语中，lucre 除了有“钱财收入，利润”的意思之外， 还意味着“不正当的所得”。更进一步说，即使这个词意思是中性的，但上下文却不是那么的中性，比如“一个人为了钱财背弃自己的誓言。”廷代尔在给我们短语filthy lucre 时，仅仅有助于把这个过程延续下来 〔doom〕Inevitable destruction or ruin.不可避免的破坏或毁灭〔space〕"The need for personal space inevitably asserts itself"(Maggie Scarf)“很不可避免地表现出对个人余暇的需求”(玛吉·斯卡夫)〔fate〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "something that is inevitably destined to happen to a person": 这些名词共有的意思是“将在一个人身上发生的不可避免的事”： 〔inextricable〕Unavoidable; inescapable:不可避免的；无法逃离的：〔unavoidable〕Impossible to avoid; inevitable.See Synonyms at certain 无法回避的；不可避免的 参见 certain〔medicine〕Something, such as corrective discipline or punishment, that is unpleasant but necessary or unavoidable.（喻）药：某种令人不快的但却必需的或不可避免的东西，例如矫正性惩罚〔necessary〕Unavoidably determined by prior conditions or circumstances; inevitable:不可避免的：因原有的条件成环境决定而不能避免的，不可避免的：〔fact〕Fact has a long history of usage in the sense "allegation of fact,” as in "This tract was distributed to thousands of American teachers, but the facts and the reasoning are wrong" (Albert Shanker).This practice has led inevitably to the introduction of the phrasestrue facts and real facts, as inThe true facts of the case may never be known. These usages may occasion qualms among critics who hold that facts cannot be other than true,but they often serve a useful purpose.Fact 有一个漫长的历史用于表示“宣告事实”， 如在“这个小册子被散发到数以千计的美国教师手中，可这个宣称的事实和推理过程是错误的” （阿尔伯特·尚克）。这个惯例不可避免地导致引进词组true facts 和 real facts ， 如在这个案件的真实可能从未被证实 中。 这些用法在那些认为不可能不是真的事实的批评家中可能引起疑虑，而他们常用于有用的目的〔Malthus〕British economist who wroteAn Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), arguing that population tends to increase faster than food supply, with inevitably disastrous results, unless the increase in population is checked by moral restraints or by war, famine, and disease. 马尔萨斯，托马斯·罗伯特：(1766-1834) 英国经济学家，著有《人口论》 （1798年），认为人口的增长比食物供应的增长要快，除非对人口的增长采用道德的约束或战争、饥荒和瘟疫加以抑制，否则会导致不可避免的灾难后果 〔occurrence〕Errors are inescapable incidents in the course of scientific research. The term may also refer to a distinct event of sharp identity and significance: 在科研过程中，错误是不可避免的事情。 这个词也可以用指具有重大意义的非常事件： 〔calm〕calm acceptance of the inevitable.平静地接受这不可避免的事实。〔stare〕To be imminent or unavoidable:面临：紧急的或不可避免的：〔shall〕Something that is inevitable:一定：不可避免的某事：〔must〕Something that is absolutely required or indispensable:一定，绝对：绝对必要或不可避免的应当去做之事：〔guillotine〕"At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.”So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, "a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor's name,but because of Guillotin's famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字〔fatally〕According to the decree of fate; inevitably.命中注定地：由命运注定地；不可避免地〔necessary〕Logically inevitable.必然的：逻辑上不可避免的〔ineluctable〕Not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable:不可避免的：不能够逃避掉或躲开的；必然发生的：〔sense〕The sense of the novel is the inevitability of human tragedy.小说的含义是人类悲剧的不可避免性〔polar〕"In creative territory[they] make a strange yet ineluctable couple, more complementary, even polar, than twin-like" (Josh Rubins)“在创造领域[他们] 构成了奇异的却又不可避免的一对，与其说是象双胞胎，不如说是互补的，甚至是截然对立的” (约什·鲁宾斯)〔resign〕To submit (oneself) passively; accept as inevitable:听任：使（自己）消极地服从；认为不可避免而接受：〔determinism〕The philosophical doctrine that every event, act, and decision is the inevitable consequence of antecedents that are independent of the human will.宿命说，决定论：一种哲学观点，它认为每个事件、行为和决定都是一个不依赖于人的意志的前提的不可避免的结果〔need〕Necessity more strongly thanneed suggests urgency, inevitability, or unavoidable obligation: Necessity 比need 更强， 用来指紧迫的、不可避免的或不可躲避的义务： 〔inescapable〕inescapable consequences.See Synonyms at certain 不可避免的后果 参见 certain〔discuss〕"There is no good in arguing with the inevitable" (James Russell Lowell).“拿不可避免的事物争论是没有什么用的” （詹姆士·拉塞尔·洛威尔）。〔contingent〕An event or condition that is likely but not inevitable.偶然事件：可能发生但并非不可避免的事件或情形 |
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