| 单词 | 不同于 |
| 释义 | 〔paper〕In theory, as opposed to actual performance or fact:理论上：在理论上，不同于真实的表现或事实：〔superman〕Overman and Beyondman hardly seem likely names for a superhero, but perhapsOverman might be "leaping tall buildings at a single bound" had the German word Übermensch been translated differently than it was. However, Nietzsche's term for the ideal superior man was translated into English assuperman, first recorded in a work by George Bernard Shaw published in 1903. Such a term comes to us through a process called loan translation, or calque formation,whereby the semantic components of a word or phrase in one language are literally translated into their equivalents in another language,GermanÜbermensch, made up of über, "super-,” and Mensch, "man,” thus becoming superman. Becauseüber- can also be translated "beyond" and "over,” we also findoverman and beyondman as calques for the word Übermensch, but they did not take root.Shaw, in a letter written before 1917, noted that"some of our most felicitous writers . . . had been using such desperate and unspeakable forms as Beyondman, when the glib Superman was staring them in the face all the time.”Hence, when it came to naming a new comic strip hero,Superman was the logical choice, a name first recorded in 1938. Overman 和 Beyondman 看上去几乎不象超级英雄的名称， 但是，如果将德语中 Übermensch 这个单词译作不同于原有的译法时，那么，也许 Overman 可能是“纵身一跃就能跃过高楼大厦”。 然而，尼采给予理想超人的名称译成英语为Superman ， 这个词最早见于乔治·萧伯纳的出版于1903年的一部作品中。这个词是通过借译而来的，或者说是通过仿造而来的，在以上这样的过程中，一个词或词组的语义成分被直译成另一语言中的与之相对应的成分。德语单词 Übermensch 是由 uber （即英语中"super-”之意）和 Mensch （即英语中"man"之意）组成的，这样的话，此词在英语中就成了 Superman 。 因为 über 也可译为"beyond"和"over"， 所以我们发现 躡ermensch 也被借译为 overman 和 beyondman 。 但是，这两个词并没有在英语中确立下来。萧伯纳在写于1917年之前的一封信中说道：“一些措辞最巧妙的英语作家，竟一直使用象Beyondman这种令人绝望而又无法形容的词，却对一直面对面盯着他们的‘Superman’视而不见”。这样，当要命名一个新的连环漫画中的英雄时，Superman 一词就成了理所当然的选择，这个名称首次记录于1938年 〔melt〕 Liquefy, unlike the other terms in this group,is restricted to physical processesbut is used of both gases and solids: Liquefy 一词不同于这组词中的其他那些词，它只能用于指物理过程，但既可用于气体，也可用固体： 〔ego〕The self, especially as distinct from the world and other selves.自我，自己：自我，尤指不同于世界和其他个体〔discard〕To play (a card other than a trump) from a suit different from that of the card led.垫出另一花色牌张：出不同于先前牌的一张合适牌（除了王牌的其他一张牌）〔morphophonemics〕(used with a pl. verb)The changes in pronunciation undergone by allomorphs of morphemes as they are modified by neighboring sounds, as the plural allomorphs incat-s, dog-s, box-es, or as they are modified for grammatical reasons in the course of inflection or derivation, as house versus to house and housing. （与复数动词连用）语态音位学：读音变化，由词素邻近的词音修饰带来的词素变体而产生，比如cat-s,dog-s,box-es 中的复数变体，或者当它们由于语法原因中的词尾变化或派生而受到限制，如 house 不同于 to house 和 housing 〔schlieren〕Regions of a transparent medium, as of a flowing gas, that are visible because their densities are different from that of the bulk of the medium.纹影法：透明的媒介区域，如可以看见流动的气体，因为它们的密度不同于媒介主体的密度〔nonstandard〕Varying from or not adhering to the standard:不标准的：不同于标准的或不信守标准的：〔Saxon〕The Germanic element of English as distinguished from the French and Latin elements.英语中的日耳曼语成分，不同于法语和拉丁语的成分〔elder〕Elder and eldest generally apply to persons, unlikeolder and oldest, which also apply to things. Elder andeldest are used principally with reference to seniority: Elder 和 eldest 通常指人， 不同于older 和 oldest ， 后两者也可指物， Elder 和eldest 主要用来指资格： 〔patch〕A small piece, part, or section, especially that which differs from or contrasts with the whole:小片，一小部分：尤指不同于整体或与整体形成对照的一小部分：〔metaxylem〕The part of the primary xylem that differentiates after the protoxylem and is characterized by broader vessels and tracheids.后生木质部：初生木质部中不同于原生木质部的一部分，以更宽的导管和管胞为特征〔dissentient〕Dissenting, especially from the sentiment or policies of a majority.持异议的，尤指不同于多数人的意见或策略〔unlike〕She's unlike the rest of her family.她不同于她家里的其他成员〔different〕My book is different from (not than ) yours. 我的书不同于（不是 than ） 你的。 〔belie〕At first glance, life at the boarding school seemed to belie all the bad things I had heard about it.初看之下，寄宿学校的生活似乎不同于我所听说的有关它的糟糕情形〔dialect〕 vernacular is the everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language. Vernacular 是人们每天要讲的不同于文学语言的口语。〔issue〕A distinct set of copies of an edition of a book distinguished from others of that edition by variations in the printed matter.特刊，特辑：一本书在印刷材料上不同于其它版本的一套特殊的版本〔bohemian〕from Bohême [Bohemia (from the unconventional life style of its Gypsy inhabitants)] 源自 Bohême [波希米亚（源于该地不同于世俗生活方式的吉卜赛居民）] 〔language〕The wording of a legal document or statute as distinct from the spirit.文件用语，法律用语：不同于精神的合法文件或法令的措辞〔corporation〕A body that is granted a charter legally recognizing it as a separate legal entity having its own rights, privileges, and liabilities distinct from those of its members.法人：在法律上承认的一个独立的法律实体，拥有不同于其它成员的自己的权利、特权和义务〔dado〕The lower portion of the wall of a room, decorated differently from the upper section, as with panels.护壁板：房屋墙壁的较低部分，装饰不同于较高部分，如用镶板〔variant〕Something that differs in form only slightly from something else, as a different spelling or pronunciation of the same word.异体：在形式上只是轻微地不同于其它的东西，如同一单词的不同拼写或发音〔variety〕A taxonomic subdivision of a species consisting of naturally occurring or selectively bred populations or individuals that differ from the remainder of the species in certain minor characters.变种：一个种类的细小分支，由自然发生或选择繁殖的群体或个体而组成，在一定的较小的特点上不同于此类的剩余者〔new〕Different from the former or the old:不同于以前的，与旧的不同的：〔mixture〕Admixture suggests that one of the components of the mixture is dissimilar to the others: Admixture 表明该混合物成分之一不同于其它成分： |
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