| 单词 | 不够 |
| 释义 | 〔underside〕The side that is less desirable, reputable, or noble than the obverse:阴暗面：较之反面令人更不想要的、声望较差的或不够高尚的一面：〔shy〕Not having paid an amount due, as one's ante in poker.钱付得不够的：未付应付的钱的，如扑克牌戏中的赌注〔unworthy〕Insufficient in worth; undeserving:不值得的：在价值上不够的；不值得的：〔lightly〕Without sufficient care or consideration; indifferently:轻蔑的：照顾不周地或考虑不够地；冷淡地：〔awkward〕The opera was marred by an awkward aria.整部歌剧毁在咏叹调部分的不够熟练〔underdo〕To do to an insufficient degree, especially to cook for too short a time.不尽全力做：做得程度不够，尤指烧得时间太短〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔unseasoned〕Inadequately aged or seasoned; not ripe or mature:未干的；不成熟的：年龄不够或未干透的；不熟或不成熟的：〔solecism〕after Soloi (Soli), an Athenian colony in Cilicia where a dialect regarded as substandard was spoken 源自 索里奥 （索里），西里西亚雅典殖民地的一种方言，被认为不够规范 〔hypopituitarism〕The condition resulting from a deficiency in pituitary hormone, especially growth hormone, characterized by dwarfism in children and sometimes by decreased activity of the thyroid, adrenal, or gonadal glands.甲低：垂体荷尔蒙不够引起的状态，尤其是生长荷尔蒙其特征是小孩矮小，有时甲状腺、肾上腺或性腺活动减少〔thin〕The piano had a thin sound.这架钢琴的声音不够厚实〔starveling〕Poor in quality; inadequate.质量差的；不够的〔deficient〕Inadequate in amount or degree; insufficient:缺乏的，不足够的：在数量或程度方面不足的；不够的：〔deficiency〕A lack or shortage, especially of something essential to health; an insufficiency:缺乏，缺少：不足，尤指对健康十分必需的东西；不够：〔meager〕a skimpy dress;不够长的裙子；〔halfhearted〕Exhibiting or feeling little interest, enthusiasm, or heart; uninspired:不热心的：兴趣不大的，热情或心思不够的；缺乏创建的：〔illiterate〕Marked by inferiority to an expected standard of familiarity with language and literature.墨水少的：显得不够公认的语言文字水平的〔short〕Having an inadequate supply of:…供给不够的：〔grovel〕"Have we not groveled here long enough, eating and drinking like mere brutes?”(Walt Whitman)“难道我们现在放纵得还不够长久，仅仅象畜生一样地吃喝？”(沃尔特·惠特曼)〔scanty〕Insufficient, as in extent or degree.See Synonyms at meager 在程度或范围上不够的 参见 meager〔ability〕"To make a fortune some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient" (Ihara Saikaku). “要致富，光靠能力是不够的，还得看机遇” （伊哈拉·塞科古）。〔fail〕To prove deficient or lacking; perform ineffectively or inadequately.表现欠佳：证明不足或不够；活动受损或不充足〔hypoxemia〕Insufficient oxygenation of the blood.血氧过少：血液氧化不够〔Bettelheim〕Austrian-born American psychologist noted for his studies of children and education. His works includeLove is Not Enough (1950) and The Uses of Enchantment (1976). 贝特尔海姆，布鲁诺：(1903-1990) 奥地利裔美籍心理学家，以其对儿童和教育的研究而著称。作品有《仅有爱是不够的》 （1950年）和 《魅力的用处》 （1976年） 〔annoy〕Hasn't he bothered them enough with his phone calls?难道他的电话声对别人的干扰还不够吗？〔deficit〕Inadequacy or insufficiency:不足：缺乏或不够：〔understatement〕A disclosure or statement that is less than complete.不充分的陈述：不够完全的披露或陈述〔schlimazel〕Yiddish shlimázl [bad luck, unlucky person] 意第绪语 shlimázl [恶运，不够幸运的人] 〔parallel〕In its mathematical usageparallel is an absolute term— two lines either do or do not intersect—and as such does not admit of qualification as to degree.Some grammarians have arguedthat this restriction should apply as well to nontechnical uses of the word.According to this logic,one may not sayThe two roads have been made more parallel, except perhaps as a loose way of saying what is rendered more precisely by expressions such asmore nearly parallel. Like the analogous objection that has been made to the comparison ofequal, the point betrays a misconception about the relation between mathematical concepts and their ordinary-language equivalents.Applied to objects in the world,parallel can only denote a rough approximation to a geometric ideal. A pair of rails or parked cars cannot be truly parallel in the mathematician's sense of the termbut only more or less so,just as a road or shelf cannot be truly straight in the geometric sensebut nonetheless may be described as very straight or relatively straight.The grammarians' compunctions make even less sense when applied to metaphorical uses ofparallel, as inThe difficulties faced by the Republicans are quite parallel to those that confronted the Democrats four years ago, in which the intended meaning has nothing to do with the possibility of intersectionbut instead suggests the structural correspondence of two distinct situations.In this sense, parallelism is clearly a matter of degreeand the wordparallel can be modified accordingly. See Usage Note at equal ,perfect ,unique 在数学用法中，parallel 是一个绝对的表达法—— 两条线要么相交，要么就不相交——它既没有限定性也没有程度差别。一些语法学家曾提出，这种限制也应该适用于该词在非科技方面的用法，按照这种逻辑，人们不能说这两条路已被修得更加平行了， 除非作为用例如更接近于平行 这样的表达方法更精确地表示的东西的不够精确的说出方法。 象对equal 的比较所做的类似反对一样， 这个观点使数学概念与普通用语中等价词之间的关系引起误解。当运用到世间的实物时，parellel 仅能指与几何理想状态大致接近的状况。 一对铁轨或停放的车辆不可能按数学家对于这个术语的理解来真正地相互并行，而不过是大致平行而已，正如公路和架子不可能是真正几何意义上的笔直，但仍可被描绘成很直的或相对而言的笔直。在用到parallel 的比喻用法时，语法学家的不安就更显得意义不大了， 例如：共和党人所面临的重重困难与四年前民主党人遇到的困难十分相似， 在这句话中，该词的引申意义与相交的可能性毫无关系，然而它暗指了两种不同情况结构上的一致。在此意义上，相似性明显是程度的问题，相应地，parallel 一词也能被其它词限定修饰了。 参见 equal,perfect,unique〔underreact〕To react with insufficient enthusiasm, force, or emphasis.反映不够有力：以不充分的热情、力量或强调反应〔skimpy〕a skimpy meal.See Synonyms at meager 不够吃的一顿饭 参见 meager |
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