| 单词 | 不良影响 |
| 释义 | 〔contagion〕feared that violence on television was a contagion affecting young viewers.担心电视节目中的暴力会对青少年观众产生不良影响〔malign〕Evil in influence; injurious.有害的：具不良影响的；有害的〔Mammon〕Often mammon Material wealth regarded as having an evil influence. 常作 mammon 贪财：被认为会造成不良影响的物质财富〔warn〕 Caution often suggests a warning that calls for the use of circumspection or prudence,as in avoiding unpleasant consequences: Caution 经常表示引起谨慎或小心的警告，如警告避免不良影响： 〔ecomanagement〕Any of various strategies to minimize or eliminate the adverse effects of human activities on the environment.环境管理：减少或消除人类活动对环境不良影响的多元策略〔evil〕the evil effects of a poor diet.饮食欠佳的不良影响〔malefic〕Having or exerting a malignant influence.有害的：具有或产生不良影响的〔poison〕To have a harmful influence on; corrupt:损害，造成不良影响：对…具有有害的影响；腐化，使恶化：〔impact〕Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning "have an effect, affect.” Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as "bureaucratic,” "pretentious,” "vile,” and "a vulgarism.” ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for "affect significantly,” it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 每一代的批评家好象都挑了一个特别的用法作为他们认为的语言上的愚蠢行为的象征。三十年以前是contact 作为动词的用法， 但是对这种形式的反对或多或少已经消失了，注意力现在集中到了impact 意思为“有不好的影响、影响”的动词用法上。 用法专题小组成员中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的结构， 如在短语对内城区来说很普通的社会病理学，对这样一个社区产生了很大影响的 当中； 百分之九十五的成员完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已经使用了可能会对我们的健康产生不良影响的易处理技术 中当作及物动词来使用。 但是即使是这些数字也没有反映出批评家们对这种用法厌恶的程度：在他们的评论当中有些成员把这种用法说成是“官僚主义的”、“装腔作势的”，“可耻的”，还说这是“粗鄙的语言。”也许和impact 的动词用法有关联的虚饰成份是由于它是从名词 impact 的一个早有争议的比喻用法衍变而来造成的。 如在短语这个决定在政治上的影响 或者 这个计划对公众的影响 中它的意思并没有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表达出来的意思要多。 尽管impact 作为“明显地影响”的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前开始产生， 但是现在的年轻一代使用者看上去把它当成了完全标准的、直接的用法，这在共同的和惯例的文章中已经很普遍了。相应地在几年内，这种用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反对， 因为对于那些使用它的人来说这不会再显得有点矫揉造作了 参见 contact〔Lysenko〕Soviet biologist and agronomist. As director of the Institute of Genetics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1940-1964), he had an adverse effect on Soviet agricultural development because of his belief in the genetic theory that acquired characteristics can be inherited.李森科，托斐姆·丹尼索维奇：(1898-1976) 苏联生物学家和农学家。作为苏联科学院遗传研究所所长(1940-1964年），由于他在遗传理论中认为后天特征可以被继承，致使他给苏联农业的发展带来了不良影响〔disagree〕To cause adverse effects:造成不良影响，不适宜：〔influence〕My parents considered my friend to be a bad influence on me.我父母认为我朋友对我有不良影响 |
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