| 单词 | 世人 |
| 释义 | 〔neighbor〕Loving one's neighbor as oneself would be much easier,or perhaps much more difficult,if the wordneighbor had kept to its etymological meaning. The source of our word,the assumed West Germanic form.nāhgabūr, was a compound of the words.nēhwiz, "near,” and .būram, "dweller, especially a farmer.” A neighbor, then, was a near dweller.Nēahgebūr, the Old English descendant of this West Germanic word, and its descendant in Middle English, neighebor, and our Modern English neighbor have all retained the literal notion,even though one can now have many neighbors whom one does not know,a situation that would have been highly unlikely in earlier times.The extension of this word to mean "fellow" is probably attributable to the Christian concern with the treatment of one's fellow human beings,as in the passage in Matthew 19:19 that urges love of one's neighbor.象爱自己一样爱邻居会更容易，也可能更难，如果neighbor 这个词保持其词源意义的话。 这个词的来源，假定在西日耳曼语中形式为nahgabur， 是nehwiz “附近的”和 buram “居住者，尤指农夫”的合成词。 那么邻居就是附近的居住者。Neahgebur 这个西日耳曼词发展的古英语形式， 中世纪英语形式nerghebor 及现代英语 neighbor 形式， 都保持了字面意义，即使现在一个可能有许多人都不认识的邻居，这是一种以前很不可能有的情况。这个词的引申意义“人”大概出自基督徒关心如何对待世人，比如在《马太19：19》中就有要求热爱自己邻居的篇章〔rise〕"Well is it known that ambition can creep as well as soar" (Edmund Burke).Totower is to attain a height or prominence exceeding that of anything in the surroundings: “世人皆知，抱负既能飞腾也能爬行” （爱德蒙·伯克）。Tower 表示获得超出周围任何物体的高度或声望： 〔world〕People as a whole; the public:世人：作为整体的人们；公众：〔living〕events within living memory.仍在世人记忆中的事件〔Gleason〕American entertainer best remembered for his portrayal of bus driver Ralph Kramden on the television comedyThe Honeymooners (1952-1957). 格利森，赫伯特·约翰：(1916-1987) 美国表演家，因他对电视喜剧《蜜月伴侣》 （1952-1957年）中的公共汽车司机拉尔夫·克拉姆顿的成功刻画而最为世人怀念 〔soul〕"An actor is . . . often a soul which wishes to reveal itself to the world but dare not"(Alec Guinness)“一个演员就是…通常想把自己展示给世人但却不敢的人”(亚历克·吉尼斯)〔world〕The event amazed the world.这个事件震惊了世人〔macabre〕The wordmacabre is an excellent example of a word formed with reference to a specific context that has long since disappeared for everyone but scholars. Macabre is first recorded in the phrase Macabrees daunce in a work written around 1430 by John Lydgate. Lydgate expressed it so because he thoughtMacabree was a French author, although he was actually dealing with the Old French phraseDanse Macabre, "the Dance of Death,” a subject of art and literature.In this dance,Death leads people of all classes and walks of life to the same final end.Themacabre element is thought by some to be an alteration of Macabe , "a Maccabee.” The Maccabees were Jewish martyrswho were honored by a feast throughout the Western Church,and reverence for them was linked to reverence for the dead.One of the biblical books of Maccabees also contains a passage (II Maccabees 12:43-45) mentioning sacrifices for the dead and their future resurrection,which has been used to defend the doctrine of Purgatory.Todaymacabre has no connection with the Maccabees and little connection with the Dance of Death,but it still has to do with death.单词macabre 是一个极好的例子，创造该词的来龙去脉除了学者之外早已被世人所遗忘。 Macabre 最早见于短语 Macabrees daunce 是在1430年前后约翰·利德盖特写的一本书中。 利德盖特这样表达是因为他认为Macabree 是源于法语的词， 实际上他指的是一个古老的法语短语Danse Macabre， “死神之舞，” 一个艺术与文学的主题。在这个舞蹈中，死神把各种各样的人带到了同一个终点。有人认为macabre 是 Macabe 的变体，“马加比人”。 马加比们就是那些犹太殉道者，在天主教会中通过节日表达对他们的敬意，对他们的尊敬和对死的敬畏是联系在一起的。基督教典籍中关于马加比人的书中有一段文字（Ⅱ马加比人12:43-45)提到对死者的祭祀和他们未来的复活，这段文字被用来捍卫关于炼狱的教义。今天macabre 与马加比人毫无联系， 与死神之舞相关甚少，但它仍与死亡有关〔break〕"For a hero loves the world till it breaks him"(William Butler Yeats)“因为英雄深爱世人，直到世人令他绝望”(威廉·巴特勒·耶茨)〔subtle〕"subtle smiles resulting from subjectively humorous experiences unguessed by the world at large"(Josephine Dodge Bacon)“来自于个人幽默的经验所发出的微笑，上的不为世人所能想象的到的令人费解的微笑”(约瑟芬·道奇·培根) |
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