| 单词 | 世袭 |
| 释义 | 〔shogun〕The hereditary commander of the Japanese army who until 1867 exercised absolute rule under the nominal leadership of the emperor.幕府将军：日本军队世袭的领导者，在1867年以前他有绝对的权力，在名义上他接受天皇的领导〔enfeoff〕To invest with a feudal estate or fee.授予封建采邑（世袭地产）或封地〔papal〕the papal succession; a papal bull.教皇的世袭；教皇的训令〔dame〕A woman holding a nonhereditary title conferred by a sovereign in recognition of personal merit or service to the country.夫人，女士：出于对国家的个人功绩或贡献的承认，而由最高统治者授予非世袭头衔的妇女〔peeress〕A woman who holds a peerage by descent or appointment.有爵位的女人：一个由世袭或任命而获贵族爵位的女人〔margrave〕Used as a hereditary title for certain princes in the Holy Roman Empire.侯爵：神圣罗马帝国的某些候爵的世袭封号〔legitimate〕Of, relating to, or ruling by hereditary right:世袭的：根据继承权的，与继承权有关的，由继承权统治的：〔caste〕Any of four classes, comprising numerous subclasses, constituting Hindu society.印度的世袭等级：构成印度社会的、由无数个次等级组成的四个社会等级之一〔prince〕A hereditary ruler; a king.君主，帝王：世袭的统治者；国王〔krewe〕Any of several groups with hereditary membership whose members organize and participate as costumed paraders in the annual Mardi Gras carnival:克鲁：一些成员为世袭的团体，它们的成员组织并作为化妆游行者参加每年一度的大斋日前夜狂欢节：〔stem〕The main line of descent of a family.家系：家族世袭的主线〔monarch〕One who reigns over a state or territory, usually for life and by hereditary right, especially:君主：统治一个国家或地区的人，通常指世袭和终身统治，尤指〔caste〕A social class separated from others by distinctions of hereditary rank, profession, or wealth.特权阶级：通过世袭的地位、职业或财富和其他社会阶层分开的一个阶级〔peer〕A man who holds a peerage by descent or appointment.一个由世袭或任命而获爵位的男人〔prerogative〕An exclusive right or privilege held by a person or group, especially a hereditary or official right.See Synonyms at right 特权：个人或群体拥有的独有的权利或特权，尤指世袭或正式的权力 参见 right〔dynast〕A ruler, especially a hereditary one.君主：一国君主，尤指世袭的〔caste〕Any of numerous hereditary, endogamous social subclasses stratified according to Hindu ritual purity.种姓：根据印度教仪式的纯洁性划分的无数个世袭的、内部通婚的次等级之一〔oba〕A hereditary chief or king among various peoples of Benin and Nigeria.奥巴：贝宁和尼日利亚各种民族的世袭首领或国王〔baronetess〕A woman holding a British hereditary title of honor reserved for commoners, ranking immediately below the barons and above all orders of knighthood except the Garter.准女伯爵：直接位于男爵之下但位于除嘉德勋位者外的，所有骑士等级之上的英国世袭身份女性拥有者〔clan〕A traditional social unit in the Scottish Highlands, consisting of a number of families claiming a common ancestor and following the same hereditary chieftain.宗族：苏格兰高地的传统社会单位，由若干自认是同一祖先的后代和追溯同一世袭族长的家庭组成〔hereditary〕Having title or possession through inheritance.世袭的：由继承得到称号或财产的〔direct〕Being of unbroken descent; lineal:直系的：世袭未被打破的；祖传的：〔devolution〕A passing down or descent through successive stages of time or a process.移交，授权：通过逐次的时间顺序或程序移交或世袭〔duke〕A nobleman with the highest hereditary rank, especially a man of the highest grade of the peerage in Great Britain.公爵：具有最高世袭身份的贵族，尤指英国具有最高等级贵族身份的人〔baronet〕A man holding a British hereditary title of honor reserved for commoners, ranking immediately below the barons and above all orders of knighthood except the Garter.准男爵：直接位于男爵之下但位于除嘉德勋位者外的，所有骑士等级之上的世袭身份拥有者，通常授予平民〔pariah〕In the wordpariah, which can be used for anyone who is a social outcast, independent of social position,we have a reminder of a much more rigid social system,where only certain people could be pariahs.The caste system of India placed members of the pariah caste very low in society;until 1949 they were also known asuntouchables. The wordpariah, however, which we have extended in meaning, came into English from Tamil paṛaiyar, the plural of paṛaiyan, the caste name, which literally means “(hereditary) drummer"and comes from the wordpaṛai, the name of a drum used at certain festivals. The word is first recorded in English in 1613.Its use in English and its extension in use probably owe much to the close relationship that developed between Great Britain and India.Indeed, many of the British servants in India were from the pariah caste.pariah 一词能用于任何一个被社会遗弃的人， 不管他的社会地位如何，在这个词中，对我们有一个更严酷的社会体制的暗示，在这种体制下，仅仅某些特定的人才能成为被社会遗弃的人。印度的社会体制把被遗弃者的社会地位订得很低，直到1949年这些人还仍旧被称作是不可接触者 。 然而，我们已经扩展了含义的pariah 一词从泰米尔语 paraiyar 即 paraiyan 的复数转入英语中来， 字面含义是“（世袭）鼓手”，源于一种特定节日用的鼓名parai 。 1613年这个词首次在英语中有所记录。它在英文中的运用和用法的扩展可能很大程度是由于大不列颠和印度的密切关系。的确，在印度许多英国人的佣人都来自于贱民阶层〔aristocracy〕A hereditary ruling class; nobility.贵族：世袭统治阶级；贵族阶层〔shah〕Used formerly as a title for the hereditary monarch of Iran.沙，君王：从前用作伊朗世袭君主的一个尊称 |
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