| 单词 | 丢弃 |
| 释义 | 〔throw〕To get rid of as useless:丢弃，扔掉：扔掉无用之物：〔junk〕The wordjunk is an example of the change in meaning known as generalization, and very aptly too, since the amount of junk in the world seems to be generalizing and proliferating rapidly. The Middle English wordjonk, ancestor of junk, originally had a very specific meaning restricted to nautical terminology.First recorded in 1353,the word meant "an old cable or rope.”On a sailing ship it made little sense to throw away useful materialsince considerable time might pass before one could get new supplies.Old cable was used in a variety of ways,for example, to make fenders,that is, material hung over the side of the ship to protect it from scraping other ships or wharves.Junk came to refer to this old cable as well. The big leap in meaning taken by the word seems to have occurred whenjunk was applied to discarded but useful material in general. This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context,for the earliest, more generalized use ofjunk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.Junk has gone on to mean useless waste as well. Junk 一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk 一词源自古英语单词 jonk ， 其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。1353年首次记载下来时，该词义为“旧缆绳或旧绳子”。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。Junk 同样也用来指旧缆绳。 当junk 普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。 该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。 该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。Junk 仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品 〔trim〕Excised or rejected material, such as film that has been cut in editing.废弃物，下脚料：用过的或丢弃的材料，如剪辑时弃置的废胶片〔outwear〕To get over (something) by the passage of time; outgrow:度过，丢弃：随时光的流逝而克服（某事）；放弃：〔cast〕Something, such as molted skin, that is thrown off, out, or away.抛弃物，脱落物：抛弃、丢弃的东西，如脱落的皮肤〔heap〕A group of things placed or thrown, one on top of the other:堆：随意放置或丢弃的一群物体，一个放在另一个的上面：〔pitch〕To discard by throwing:丢，抛开，丢弃：〔disposable〕Designed to be disposed of after use:可抛弃的，免洗的：被设计用后即丢弃的：〔slough〕To discard as undesirable or unfavorable; get rid of:抛弃，丢弃：因为不需要或不利而抛弃；除去：〔junk〕To throw away or discard as useless; scrap.扔掉，丢弃：当作废物抛弃，废弃；抛弃〔alight〕The discarded match was still alight.丢弃的火柴仍在燃烧〔mooring〕lost their emotional moorings during the war.在战争中丢弃了他们的情感支柱〔doff〕from don off [to do off] 源自 don off [丢弃，摆脱] 〔jettison〕a ship jettisoning wastes; a pilot jettisoning aircraft fuel.一艘正在丢弃废物的船；一个正在抛弃飞机燃料的飞行员〔trash〕Something broken off or removed to be discarded, especially plant trimmings.断枝，碎块：为了丢弃而弄断或去掉的东西，尤指植物修剪后留下的剪屑〔ditch〕ditched the old yard furniture.丢弃旧的庭院家具〔scrapheap〕A place for discarding useless or worthless material.垃圾场：丢弃无用的或者无价值物品的地方〔clean〕To eliminate or discard what is undesirable:清理门户：消灭或丢弃令人不悦的东西：〔throwaway〕Readily discarding things:容易丢弃东西的：〔abandon〕To give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit, especially as a result of danger or other impending threat:离弃，丢弃：通过离开、停止操作或不再居住而放弃，特别是危险或迫近的威胁所导致的结果：〔throwaway〕Something designed or likely to be discarded after use, as a free handbill distributed on the street.临时利用件：如在街上免费散发的传单等使用后很可能要丢弃或按计划应当丢弃的东西〔throwaway〕Designed or intended to be discarded after use:一次性的：设计为或计划在使后丢弃的：〔junk〕Discarded material, such as glass, rags, paper, or metal, that may be reused in some form.破烂，垃圾：丢弃的东西，如玻璃、碎布、纸片或金属等可以用某种方式重复使用的东西 |
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