| 单词 | 两栖动物 |
| 释义 | 〔amphibian〕A cold-blooded, smooth-skinned vertebrate of the class Amphibia, such as a frog or salamander, that characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva with gills. The larva then transforms into an adult having air-breathing lungs.两栖动物：一种两栖纲的皮肤光滑的冷血脊椎动物，如蛙或蝾螈，此类动物的特征是有鳃的幼虫在水中孵化，然后逐渐转变成用肺呼吸的成虫〔urodele〕Any of various amphibians of the order Caudata, including the salamanders and newts, in which the larval tail persists in adult life.有尾目两栖动物：一种有尾目的两栖动物，包括蝾螈和水螈，特征为幼虫期的尾巴，在成年期仍旧存在〔melanophore〕A pigment cell that contains melanin, especially as found in the skin of amphibians and reptiles.黑素细胞：含有黑色素的色素细胞，尤指两栖动物或者爬行动物皮肤中的黑色素细胞〔allantois〕A membranous sac that develops from the posterior part of the alimentary canal in the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles. It is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in mammals. Also called allantoid 尿模：哺乳动物、鸟类和两栖动物的胚胎中在消化道后部形成的膜质液囊。对哺乳动物脐带和胎盘的形成有重要作用 也作 allantoid〔gerrymander〕"An official statement of the returns of voters for senators give[s] twenty nine friends of peace, and eleven gerrymanders.”So reported the May 12, 1813, edition of theMassachusetts Spy. A gerrymander sounds like a strange political beast,which in fact it is, considered from a historical perspective.This beast was named by combining the wordsalamander, "a small lizardlike amphibian,” with the last name of Elbridge Gerry, a former governor of Massachusetts— a state noted for its varied, often colorful political fauna.Gerry (whose name, incidentally, was pronounced with a hardg, though gerrymander is now commonly pronounced with a soft g ) was immortalized in this way because an election district created by members of his party in 1812 looked like a salamander.According to one version of howgerrymander was coined, the shape of the district attracted the eye of the painter Gilbert Stuart,who noticed it on a map hanging in a newspaper editor's office.Stuart decorated the map with a head, wings, and clawsand then said to the editor, "That will do for a salamander!”"Gerrymander!” came the reply.A new political beast was created then and there.The word is first recorded in April 1812 with respect to the creature or its caricature,but it soon came to mean not only "the action of shaping a district to gain political advantage"but also "any representative elected from such a district by that method.”Within the same yeargerrymander was also recorded as a verb. “一份答复参议员选举人的官方声明宣布了二十九个和平伙伴和十一个不公正划分的选区。”在1813年3月12日的一期马萨诸塞州观察报 上有如上报导。 一个不公正划分选区听起来象是一个奇怪的政治怪兽，事实上它是来自历史上的观点。这个怪兽是由两个词合并而命名的，即salamander “一种蜥蜴状的两栖动物，”及马萨诸塞州州长埃尔布里奇·格里的姓。 而马萨诸萨州以其多变的、通常多姿多彩的政治动物群而闻名。格里（他的名字碰巧发重音g， 尽管 gerrymander 现在普遍发轻音 g， ）以此种方式而垂名史册， 因为1812年由他所在党成员组建的选举区就象一只蝾螈。根据一种gerrymander 如何被创造的观点， 该区的形状吸引了一位画家基尔伯特·斯图亚特，他在一家报纸的主编办公室里挂在墙上的地图中发现了它。斯图尔特又画上头、翅膀和爪子，然后对主编说，“那就象只蝾螈了！”"Gerrymander！”主编回答道。此时此地一个新的政治怪兽产生了。这个词于1812年4月首次被记录是在谈到这种牲畜或讽刺的画中，但很快，它就不仅意味“为赢得政治优势的改变区划的行动”，而且有“用此种方法选出的任何代表”的意思。同年gerrymander 也被作为一个动词而记载下来 〔spawn〕The eggs of aquatic animals such as bivalve mollusks, fishes, and amphibians.卵：双壳类软体动物、鱼类和两栖动物的水生动物的卵子〔caducous〕Dropping off or shedding at an early stage of development, as the gills of most amphibians or the sepals or stipules of certain plants.脱落：大多数两栖动物在其生长过程中早期具有的褪皮现象，某些植物的花萼或托叶的脱落〔labyrinthodont〕Of or relating to the superorder Labyrinthodontia, an extinct group of amphibians resembling crocodiles and having a labyrinthine tooth structure.迷齿亚纲动物：有迷齿纲总目的动物或同迷齿纲总目有关的动物，是一群与鳄鱼相象的已灭绝两栖动物，长有结构复杂的牙齿〔web〕A membrane or fold of skin connecting the toes, as of certain amphibians, birds, and mammals.蹼：连接某些动物，如两栖动物、鸟和哺乳动物的趾的皮肤褶或膜〔axolotl〕Any of several salamanders (genusAmbystoma ) native to Mexico and the western United States that, unlike most amphibians, often retain their external gills and become sexually mature without undergoing metamorphosis. 美西蝾螈：几种原产于墨西哥和美国西部地区的蝾螈（蝾螈属 ），不象大多数别的两栖动物，它们一般保留外部的鳃且不用经历蜕变就成熟 〔herpetology〕The branch of zoology that deals with reptiles and amphibians.爬行动物学：动物学的一个分支，研究爬行动物和两栖动物〔frog〕Any of numerous tailless, aquatic, semiaquatic, or terrestrial amphibians of the order Anura and especially of the family Ranidae, characteristically having a smooth, moist skin, webbed feet, and long hind legs adapted for leaping.蛙：一种无尾、水生、半水生或陆生两栖动物，属无尾目，尤属蛙科，以其光滑湿润的皮肤、蹼足和修长善跳的后腿为特征〔salamander〕Any of various small lizardlike amphibians of the order Caudata, having porous scaleless skin and four, often weak or rudimentary legs.蝾螈：有尾目中一种像蜥蜴的小型两栖动物，具有多孔无鳞的皮肤和四条常无力或发育不完全的腿〔interclavicle〕A bone located in front of the sternum and between the clavicles in certain vertebrates, such as reptiles and amphibians.间锁骨：某些脊椎动物，如爬行动物和两栖动物，胸骨前和锁骨间的一块骨头〔caecilian〕Any of various legless, burrowing, wormlike amphibians of the order Gymnophiona, of tropical regions.蚓螈：一种蜥蜴目无腿、善钻洞、蛆样的两栖动物，生长在热带地区〔toad〕Any of numerous tailless amphibians chiefly of the family Bufonidae, related to and resembling the frogs but characteristically more terrestrial and having a broader body and rougher, drier skin.蟾蜍：各种无尾，主要是蟾蜍科两栖动物中的任何一种，与蛙类有亲缘关系，外表相近，但蟾蜍明显地更有陆地性，身体更宽更粗糙，皮肤更干燥〔slough〕The dead outer skin shed by a reptile or an amphibian.蜕皮：爬行动物或两栖动物蜕下的死皮〔vertebrate〕A member of the subphylum Vertebrata, a primary division of the phylum Chordata that includes the fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, all of which are characterized by a segmented spinal column and a distinct, well-differentiated head.脊椎动物：脊索动物门的一个原始分支，属于脊椎动物分门的一种动物，包括鱼类、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物，其共同特征是都有节段的脊柱和很明显的、分化的头部〔salientian〕An amphibian of the order Salientia (formerly Anura or Batrachia), which includes the frogs and toads. Also called anuran 无尾目动物：无尾目（以前作无尾蛙类或无尾两栖类）的两栖动物，包括青蛙和蟾蜍 也作 anuran〔phylogeny〕the phylogeny of the amphibian intestinal tract.两栖动物肠道的演化发展〔hatchling〕A newly hatched bird, amphibian, fish, or reptile.新孵化的鸟、两栖动物、鱼或爬行动物〔egg〕The round or oval female reproductive body of various animals, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and insects, consisting usually of an embryo surrounded by nutrient material and a protective covering.卵：鸟类、爬虫、两栖动物、鱼类和昆虫类等多种动物的圆形或椭圆形的雌性再生体，通常由一个被营养物质包围的胚胎和一个保护性覆盖层组成〔hallux〕A homologous digit of a bird, a reptile, or an amphibian. In birds, it is often directed backward.后趾：鸟、爬行动物或两栖动物类似的一个趾头，对鸟而言它通常向后〔melatonin〕A hormone derived from serotonin and produced by the pineal gland that stimulates color change in the epidermis of amphibians and reptiles but whose function in mammals is not clear.降黑素：由松果体产生且来自血清素的一种激素，能刺激两栖动物和爬行动物表皮颜色的变化，但这种激素的作用对哺乳动物不明显 |
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