| 单词 | 中央集权 |
| 释义 | 〔Clinton〕Vice President of the United States (1805-1812) under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. As governor of New York (1777-1795) he was suspicious of centralized government and opposed New York's ratification of the U.S. Constitution.克林顿，乔治：(1739-1812) 托马斯·杰斐逊及詹姆斯·麦迪逊时期的美国副总统（1805-1812年）。任纽约州州长（1777-1795年）时对中央集权政府持怀疑态度，并且反对纽约州承认美国宪法〔Qin〕A Chinese dynasty (221-206b.c. ) that established the first centralized imperial government in China. Much of the Great Wall of China was built during the rule of this dynasty. 秦朝：中国一朝代(公元前 221-206年），建立了中国第一个中央集权制的帝国政府。中国长城的很大一部分是在这个朝代的统治期间建成的 〔particularism〕A principle of allowing each state in a nation or federation to act independently of the central authority, especially in promoting its own economic interests.独立发展自身利益的原则：一种允许一个国家或联邦内的每一个州独立于中央集权而发展的原则，尤指互相提高自身经济利益方面〔fascism〕A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.法西斯政权：一种以一人独裁下的中央集权为特征的统治方式，对社会经济实行严格控制，通过恐怖活动和新闻书刊的检查强力镇压反对党，典型的是好战的大国民族主义和种族主义〔Capet〕A dynasty of French kings (987-1328), includingHugh Capet (940?-996), who was elected king in 987, thereby permanently removing the Carolingians from power, and ruled until his death. The expansion of territory and centralization of power under the Capets began the movement toward a unified France. 卡佩王朝：法兰西的一个王朝（987-1328年），其中有雨果·卡佩 （940？-996年），他于987年被推选为国王并因此永久地使加洛林王室丧失了权力。他一直统治到逝世时为止。卡佩王朝期间的领土扩张和中央集权开始了统一法兰西的运动 〔statism〕The practice or doctrine of giving a centralized government control over economic planning and policy.中央集权制：一种给予中央政府对经济计划和政策控制权的实践理论〔centralism〕Concentration of power and authority in a central organization, as in a political system.中央集权制：权力与权威集中于一个中央组织，如在政治制度上〔Tokugawa〕Of or relating to a family of shoguns that ruled Japan from 1603 to 1867, a period marked by centralized feudalism, the growth of urban centers, exclusionary policies against the West, and a rise in literacy.德川（幕府）家族的：属于在公元1603至1867年期间统治日本的幕府家族的，或与其相关的；该时期的主要特色为中央集权封建社会、幕府体制的成长、反西方的锁国政策以及文学艺术的提升 |
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