| 单词 | 中子 |
| 释义 | 〔isotone〕One of two or more atoms whose nuclei have the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.同中子异荷素；等中子异位素：两个或更多其原子核含有相同数量的中子却含不同数量质子的原子中的任一个〔promethium〕A radioactive rare-earth element prepared by fission of uranium or by neutron bombardment of neodymium, having 14 isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 141 to 154 and used as a source of beta rays. Atomic number 61; melting point 1,168°C; boiling point 2,460°C; valence 3. See table at element 钜：放射性稀土元素，由铀分裂或钛的中子爆炸而成，有十四个拥有从141到154的质量数的同位素，用作β射线源。原子序数61；熔点1,168°C；沸点2,460°C；原子价为3 参见 element〔lepton〕Any of a family of elementary particles that participate in the weak interaction, including the electron, the muon, and their associated neutrinos. See table at subatomic particle 轻子：一种参与微弱互反应的基本粒子家庭的粒子，包括电子、介子以及与他们相关的中子 参见 subatomic particle〔europium〕A silvery-white, soft, rare-earth element occurring in monazite and bastnaesite and used to dope lasers and to absorb neutrons in research. Atomic number 63; atomic weight 151.96; melting point 826°C; boiling point 1,439°C; specific gravity 5.259; valence 2, 3. See table at element 铕：存在于独居石和氟碳矿中一种银白色、柔软的稀有金属，在研究中常用于激光器添加剂以吸收中子。原子序数63；原子量151.96；熔点826°C；沸点1,439°C；比重5.259；化合价2,3 参见 element〔fermion〕A particle, such as an electron, a proton, or a neutron, having half-integral spin and obeying statistical rules requiring that not more than one in a set of identical particles may occupy a particular quantum state.费密子：一种如电子、质子或中子等自旋为半整数的基本粒子，具有一种使得不可能有多于一个的粒子占有任何一个特殊的量子力学态的量子力学对称性〔polonium〕A naturally radioactive metallic element, occurring in minute quantities as a product of radium disintegration and produced by bombarding bismuth or lead with neutrons. It has 27 isotopes ranging in mass number from 192 to 218, of which Po 210, with a half-life of 138.39 days, is the most readily available. Atomic number 84; melting point 254°C; boiling point 962°C; specific gravity 9.32; valence 2, 4. See table at element 钋：一种具有天然辐射性的金属元素，作为镭分裂的产物以极小量出现，可通过用中子轰击铋或铅获得。它从192到218的质量数中可排列为27种同位素，其中的钋210半衰期达138.39天，是最易得到的同位素。原子序数84；熔点254°C；沸点962°C；比重9.32；化合价2, 4 参见 element〔antineutron〕The antiparticle of the neutron.反中子：中子的反粒子〔samarium〕A silvery or pale gray metallic rare-earth element found in monazite and bastnaesite and used as a dopant for laser materials, in infrared absorbing glass, and as a neutron absorber in certain nuclear reactors. Atomic number 62; atomic weight 150.35; melting point 1,072°C; boiling point 1,791°C; specific gravity (approximately) 7.50; valence 2, 3. See table at element 钐：一种银色或灰色稀土金属元素，含于独居石和氟碳铈矿中，用于激光制品掺杂剂，红外线吸光玻璃，在一些核反应堆中作中子吸收剂。原子序数62；原子量150.35；熔点1,072°C；沸点1,791°C；比重约7.50；化合价2，3 参见 element〔Fermi〕Italian-born American physicist. He won a 1938 Nobel Prize for his work on artificial radioactivity caused by neutron bombardment. In 1942 he produced the first controlled nuclear chain reaction, in a squash court at the University of Chicago.费密，恩里科：(1901-1954) 意大利裔的美国物理学家，因研究由中子放射原子而引起的人造辐射而获1938年诺贝尔奖。1942年在芝加哥大学的壁球场，他首次进行核能链式反应的实验〔isotone〕Alteration of isotope [with] n for neutron replacing p for proton isotope的变化 [用] N 表示 中子 而用 P 代替了 质子 〔einsteinium〕A synthetic transuranic element first produced by neutron irradiation of uranium in a thermonuclear explosion and now usually produced in the laboratory by irradiating plutonium and other elements. Its longest-lived isotope is Es 254 with a half-life of 276 days. Atomic number 99; melting point 860°C. See table at element 锿：一种人工合成超铀元素，在一次热核子反应的铀中子辐射中首次产生。 现在通常通过在实验室里辐照钚和其它元素而产生，其最不易衰变的同位素是Es254， 它的半衰期为276天，原子序数99；熔点860°C 参见 element〔hyperon〕A semistable or unstable baryon with mass greater than the neutron. See table at subatomic particle 超子：一个不固定的重子，其质量比中子大 参见 subatomic particle〔shell〕An analogous pattern of protons and neutrons within a nucleus.原子核内的质子与中子的模拟形式〔plutonium〕A naturally radioactive, silvery, metallic transuranic element, occurring in uranium ores and produced artificially by neutron bombardment of uranium. Its longest-lived isotope is Pu 244 with a half-life of 76 million years. It is a radiological poison, specifically absorbed by bone marrow, and is used, especially the highly fissionable isotope Pu 239, as a reactor fuel and in nuclear weapons. Atomic number 94; melting point 640°C; boiling point 3,235°C; specific gravity 19.84; valence 3, 4, 5, 6. See table at element 钚：一种天然地放射性银色超铀金属元素，存在于铀矿中，对铀元素进行中子轰击而人工制成。其存在周期最长的同位素是半衰期为七千六百万年的钸244，它是一种核辐射毒素，特别是能被骨髓吸收。尤其是其极具可裂变性的同位素钸239，被用作一种核反应燃料并用在核武器中。原子序数94；熔点640°C；沸点3,235°C；比重19.84；化合价3, 4, 5, 6 参见 element〔superdense〕Of or relating to an extreme condition in which matter is forced into nonclassical states, as when electrons are forced into protons, leaving only neutrons, or the matter is compressed beyond this point into a singularity.超密的：物质在力作用下成为量子态，如电子在力作用下转化为质子而仅余中子，或者物质在压力超过特定点时形成奇点的极度状态的或与其相关的〔triton〕The nucleus of tritium, consisting of two neutrons and one proton.氘核：氘的原子核，由两个中子和一个质子组成〔tamper〕A neutron reflector in an atomic bomb that also delays the expansion of the exploding material, making possible a longer-lasting, more energetic, and more efficient explosion.屏：原子弹中的一个中子反射镜，该镜能延缓爆炸材料的扩散，从而使持续时间更长、威力更大、效果更强的爆炸成为可能〔Chadwick〕British physicist. He won a 1935 Nobel Prize for his discovery of the neutron.查德威克，詹姆斯：(1891-1974) 英国物理学家，因发现中子而获1935年度诺贝尔奖〔deuterium〕An isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron in the nucleus having an atomic weight of 2.014.氘：氢的一种同位素，在其原子核内有一个质子和一个中子，其原子重量为2.014〔Hertz〕German physicist. He shared a 1925 Nobel Prize for discovering the laws that describe the impact of electrons upon atoms.赫兹，古斯塔夫·路德维希：(1887-1975) 德国物理学家。他因发现中子冲击原子定律，获1935年诺贝尔奖〔deuteron〕The nucleus of a deuterium atom, consisting of a proton and a neutron, regarded as a subatomic particle with unit positive charge.氘核：氘原子的原子核，由一个质子和一个中子组成，被视为带单位正电荷的亚原子〔radon〕A colorless, radioactive, inert gaseous element formed by the radioactive decay of radium. It is used as a radiation source in radiotherapy and to produce neutrons for research. Its most stable isotope is Rn 222 with a half-life of 3.82 days. Atomic number 86; melting point -71°C; boiling point -61.8°C; specific gravity (solid) 4. See table at element 氡：一种无色、有放射性的惰性气体元素，由镭蜕变产生。在放射疗法中可用作辐射源，在科研中可用于制造中子。它最稳定的同位素是Rn222。半衰期为3.82天。原子序数86；熔点-71°C；沸点-61.8°C；比重（固态）4 参见 element〔neutron〕An electrically neutral subatomic particle in the baryon family, having a mass 1,839 times that of the electron, stable when bound in an atomic nucleus, and having a mean lifetime of approximately 1.0×103 seconds as a free particle. It and the proton form nearly the entire mass of atomic nuclei. See table at subatomic particle 中子：重子家族中电中性的亚原子粒子，是电子体积的1,839倍，作为自由粒子撞击原子核时保持稳定，平均寿命大约 1.0×103。它和质子几乎构成了整个原子核的质量 参见 subatomic particle |
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