| 单词 | 中将 |
| 释义 | 〔overcast〕An arch or a support for a passage over another passage in a mine.风桥，支撑物：矿井中将一个通道架于另一个通道之上的拱形物或支撑物〔every〕Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in formbut felt to be plural in sense.The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced byevery, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb;we say Every car has (not have ) been tested. Anyone is (not are ) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun whose antecedent is introduced byevery, grammar and sense pull in different directions.The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but people persist in using the plural pronoun,as in Every car must have their brakes tested. Although the latter pattern is common in the speech of all groups,it is still widely regarded as grammatically incorrect in writing. ·The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule leads to various complications, however.The first is grammatical.When a pronoun refers to a phrase containingevery or any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular.Thus it is simply not English to sayEvery man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can one sayNo one could be seen, could he? Writers unwilling to use plural forms in these examples must find another way of expressing their meaning,either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as inEvery man left, taking his raincoat with him ) or by substituting another word forevery or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them. ) · The second complication is political.When a phrase introduced byevery or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what shall be the gender of the singular pronoun?This matter is discussed in the Usage Note athe. See Usage Note at all ,any ,each ,either ,he 1neither ,none Every 是一大类英语单词和短语的代表， 它们在形式上是单数的，但在意义上感觉起来却是复数。例如，这一类词中所包括的由every，any 和某些用法中的 some 所引导的名词短语。 这些短语毫无例外的跟单数动词，我们说每辆车都已 （不是 have ） 被测试过。 每个人都（不是 are ） 会生病 。 但是当一个句子中包括一个由先行词every 引导的代词时， 从句法和意义上就要区分不同的情况了。象每一辆车必须测试它的制动器 这样的表达法在语法上要求使用一单数代词， 但人们总习惯于用复数代词，象Every car must have their brakes tested 这样。 虽然后面这种形式在各种团体的讲话中非常普遍，但它在写作中仍广泛地被认为是语法上的错误。无论如何，坚持语法规则的努力总会导致各种各样的复杂问题。首先是语法上的复杂性。当一个代词指代一个短语，而这个短语中包括every 或 any 属于另一个与此代词所在子句不同的独立子句中时， 这个代词不能用单数形式。因此很容易理解英国人为何不说每个人离开时，都拿着各自的雨衣 ， 也不说没有人会被看到，不是吗？ 。 不愿意在这些例子中用复数形式的书写者必须找到另外一种表达他们意思的方法，或者可以通过重新改变句子的说法以使代词与其指代的短语同属一个从句中（如Every man left， taking his raincoat with him ）， 或者通过以另一个词代替every 或 any 的方法（如 All the man left；they took their raincoats with them ）。 第二是政治上的复杂性。当一个被every 或 any 引导的短语指代的一个团体中既有男人又有女人时， 单数代词的词性怎么确定呢？这个问题在单词he的用法说明中将被讨论 参见 all,any,each,either,he1neither,none〔move〕An act of transferring a piece from one position to another in board games.走子：在棋类游戏中将一个棋子从一个位置移动到另一个位置〔loft〕A golf stroke that drives the ball in a high arc.高击：高尔夫球赛中将球击出一个高弧线的一击〔Clytemnestra〕The wife of Agamemnon who, with the assistance of her lover Aegisthus, murdered him on his return from the Trojan War and was later murdered by her son Orestes.克莱登妮丝特拉：亚格门农的妻子，在情人埃癸斯托斯的帮助下，在其从特洛伊战争返回中将其谋杀，之后她自己也为其子奥瑞提斯所杀〔realism〕The representation in art or literature of objects, actions, or social conditions as they actually are, without idealization or presentation in abstract form.真实性，现实主义：在艺术或文学中将事物，行为或社会状况按其起初情况进行的表现，而不用模糊的形式来表现或理想化〔contrapposto〕The position of a figure in painting or sculpture in which the hips and legs are turned in a different direction from that of the shoulders and head; the twisting of a figure on its own vertical axis.对应：在绘画或雕塑中将臀和腿转向肩和头不同方向的身体姿势；形体围绕其自身的垂直中轴线扭转〔contrast〕The use of opposing elements, such as colors, forms, or lines, in proximity to produce an intensified effect in a work of art.明暗对比：在一件艺术品中将相对的要素（如颜色、形状、线条等）放在一起使用以产生强烈的对比效果〔gambit〕from Italian gambetto [act of tripping someone up in wrestling] 源自 意大利语 gambetto [在摔交中将某人绊倒的动作] 〔subtrahend〕A quantity or number to be subtracted from another.减数：在数学减法运算中将从被减数中减去的量或数〔demiurge〕Demiurge A Platonic deity who orders or fashions the material world out of chaos. Demiurge 造物主：柏拉图哲学中将物质世界从混沌中创造出来的神〔banshee〕A female spirit in Gaelic folklore believed to presage, by wailing, a death in a family.班西：盖尔族民间传说中的女鬼，其哀嚎预示家庭中将有人死亡〔catalase〕An enzyme found in the blood and in most living cells that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.过氧化氢酶：一种见于血液和多数活细胞之中将过氧化氢催化分解成水和氧气的酶〔Spencer〕British philosopher who attempted to apply the theory of evolution to philosophy and ethics in his seriesSynthetic Philosophy (1855-1893). 斯宾塞，赫伯特：(1820-1903) 英国哲学家，他试图在其系列论著《合成哲学》 （1855-1893年）中将进化论运用于哲学及伦理学 〔protoctist〕Any of the unicellular protists and their descendant multicellular organisms, considered as a separate taxonomic kingdom in most modern classification systems.原生物：任何一种单细胞原生生物和作为它们后代的多细胞有机体，在大多数现代分类系统中将它分为一个单独的界〔underdog〕One that is expected to lose a contest or struggle, as in sports or politics.居于下风者：指在运动或政治竞争中将会失败的人〔house〕One of the 12 parts into which the heavens are divided in astrology.星宿：占星学中将天空分成十二个部分 |
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