| 单词 | 为人所知 |
| 释义 | 〔unknown〕a modern-day problem unknown in earlier times.在从前不为人所知的现代的问题〔reveal〕These verbs signify to make known what has been or ought to be kept from the knowledge of others.这些动词都是指使已知或应是鲜为人知的东西为人所知。〔threshold〕Perhaps the tradition of carrying the bride over the threshold is dying out,but knowledge of the custom persists,leading one to wonder about the-hold or the thresh- in the word threshold. Scholars are still wondering about the last part of the word,but thethresh- can be explained. It is related to the wordthresh, which refers to an agricultural process. This process of beating the stems and husks of grain or cereal plants to separate the grain or seeds from the straw was at one time done with the feet of oxen or human beings.Thus, the Germanic word.therskan, or by the switching of sounds called metathesis, .threskan, meant "thresh" and "tread.” This association with the feet is probably retained in Old Englishtherscold or threscold (Modern English threshold ), "sill of a door (over which one treads).”或许抱新娘过门槛的传统已过时，但这种习俗仍为人所知，使人想到threshold 中的 -hlod 或 thresh- 。 学者们仍不清楚这个词的后半部分，但thresh- 已可作解释。 它与指一种农业加工的thresh 一词有关。 这种通过打谷子或谷类植物的茎壳以使各粒与茎管分开的作业曾一度是用牛或人的脚来做的。因此，德语词therskan 或经音位转换后的 threskan 表示“打”和“踩踏”。 这种和脚的联系可能在古英语therscold 或 threscold （现代英语 threshold ）中仍保留着， “门槛（踏过的地方）”〔lost〕No longer known or practiced:不再为人所知或实践的：〔trademark〕A distinctive characteristic by which a person or thing comes to be known:标志，特征：显著的特征，使一个人或事物为人所知：〔aborigine〕A member of the indigenous or earliest known population of a region.土著人：一地区原始的或最早为人所知的人〔governor〕The American Revolution did away with much that was British,but it neglected to discard an important British political term.The wordgovernor certainly seems to denote a very American office, and England has no corresponding official with that title for its counties.Nonetheless,governor has had a long history in English with reference to political rulers. In Middle Englishgovernour, the ancestor of governor, meant both "a sovereign ruler" and "a subordinate or substitute ruler.”In the later sense it was a natural term to use for heads of the British colonies in North America as well as elsewhere.During our colonial periodroyal governors were often unpopular,yet the word was not dropped after the Revolutionary Warand in fact was chosen to designate the executive head of a state when the United States of America was created.美国独立战争扫除了英国的许多东西，但却忽略了摒弃一个重要的英国政治术语。governor 这个单词肯定被看作是一个美国官方职务， 因为英国没有这样的官方职务。然而governor 作政权统治者含义在英国有很长的历史。 在中世纪的英语里，governour 是 governor 的前身， 意思是“主权统治者”和“下一级统治者或代理统治者。”用后一个意思来指英国在北美的殖民地或其他地方的首脑是很贴切的。在美国殖民地时期，皇家总督不大为人所知，然而这个词在独立战争以后并没被废除，实际上它被用来指美国建国以后各州的州长了〔declare〕To make known formally or officially.See Synonyms at announce 宣告，公告：正式地或通过官方使…为人所知 参见 announce〔divination〕The art or act of foretelling future events or revealing occult knowledge by means of augury or an alleged supernatural agency.占卜，预言：预言将来要发生的事件或显示不为人所知的秘密的法术或活动，通过预兆或所谓超自然因素的方式实现〔reveal〕Disclose means to make known as if by removing a cover: Disclose 指象通过移去封面那样使其为人所知： 〔Plock〕A city of central Poland on the Vistula River west-southwest of Warsaw. Known since the tenth century, it passed to Prussia in 1793 and to Russia in 1815. It reverted to Poland after World War I. Population, 114,500.普洛克：波兰中部一城市，位于华沙西南偏西、维斯拉河畔。它从10世纪起为人所知，相继于1793年和1815年由普鲁士和俄罗斯管辖。第一次世界大战后它归属波兰。人口114,500〔Bacon〕English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. His writings includeThe Advancement of Learning (1605) and the Novum Organum (1620), in which he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experiment that came to be known as the inductive method. 培根，弗朗西斯：(1561-1626) 英国哲学家、随笔作家、朝臣、法理学家和政治家。其作品包括《论科学的价值和发展》 （1605年）和 《新工具论》 （1620年），在这部著作里他提出了以观察和实验为基础的科学认识理论，作为归纳法理论逐渐为人所知 〔record〕The known history of performance, activities, or achievement:历史记载：表演、行动或成就的为人所知的历史：〔Debrecen〕A city of eastern Hungary near the Romanian border east of Budapest. First known in the 13th century, it was the provisional capital from 1944 to 1945. Population, 208,891.德布勒森：匈牙利东部一城市，毗邻布达佩斯以东的罗马尼亚边境。该市在13世纪首次为人所知，1944年至1945年为临时首都。人口208,891〔highfalutin〕H.L. Mencken, in his famous bookThe American Language, mentions highfalutin as an example of the many native U.S. words coined during the 19th-century period of vigorous growth. Althoughhighfalutin is characteristic of American folk speech, it is not a true regionalismbecause it has always occurred in all regions of the country,with its use and popularity spurred by its appearance in print.The origin ofhighfalutin, like that of many folk expressions, is obscure. It has been suggested that the second element,-falutin, comes from the verbflute —hence high-fluting, a comical indictment of one who thinks too highly of oneself. H.L.曼肯，在其名著美国的语言 一书中指出， highfalutin 一词是众多的创造于19世纪迅速成长时期的美国本土的词汇的一个例子。 尽管highfalutin 一词是典型的美国民间用语， 但它不是方言土语，因为它总是出现在国家的各个地区。出现在印刷品上更促进了它的使用。highfalutin 一词的起源，象许多民间表达方式一样不为人所知， 曾有人说该词的第二词素-falutin， 来源于动词flute ——由此 high-fluting， 特指太自高自大的人 〔lie〕To keep oneself or one's plans hidden.隐匿：使自己或自己的计划不为人所知〔Orense〕A city of northwest Spain east of Vigo. Its hot sulfur springs have been known since Roman times. Population, 85,500.奥伦塞：西班牙西北部城市，位于维哥东部。自罗马时代起即以热硫磺温泉为人所知人口。85,500〔reveal〕To make known (something concealed or secret):揭露，泄露：使（某些隐藏的事或秘密）为人所知：〔unsuspected〕Not known to exist:未为人知的：其存在不为人所知的：〔Pictish〕The language of the Picts, of uncertain affiliation, known chiefly from place names and extinct by the tenth century.皮克特语：皮克特人的语言，从属关系不确定，主要因一些地名而为人所知，10世纪时消失〔preacher〕River navigation in America has its own lexicon,including words for hazards encountered in riverboat travel.Large uprooted trees that had drifted down the river and become stuck in the riverbedwere sometimes known by their peculiar and dangerous characteristics.John McPhee writes for theNew Yorker : "One kind . . . known as asawyer, sawed up and down with the vagaries of the current . . .In the Yukon River, such logs—eternally bowing—are known aspreachers. In the Mississippi . . . they were allsnags. ” 在美国内河航运业有它自己的专门词汇，包括用于表示船只在航行中所遇危险的词。一些被连根拔起的大树沿河漂流而下并且固着在河床上，它们都因奇特及危险的特性而为人所知。约翰·麦克菲曾在纽约人 中写道： “有一种…被称为 sawyer （漂流木）， 随着水流的变化擦来擦去…在育空河里，这种整日里打躬的木头被叫做沉木 。 在密西西比河中…它们都被称为水中沉树 ” |
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