| 单词 | 主席 |
| 释义 | 〔Foster〕American labor leader and radical politician who was a presidential candidate (1924, 1928, and 1932) and national chairman (1945-1956) of the Communist Party of the United States.福斯特，威廉·西布伦：(1881-1961) 美国工人领袖、激进派政治家，曾于1924、1928及1932年当选为总统候选人，并于1945年-1946年担任美国共产党中央主席〔chairmanship〕The office or term of a chairman.主席的职位或任期〔confer〕a board chairperson advising with the members;董事会主席向会员们征询意见；〔uvarovite〕After Count Sergei Semenovitch Uvarov (1785-1855), president of the St. Petersburg Academy 源自谢尔孟·塞谬诺维契 乌瓦洛夫 (1785-1855年） 伯爵，圣皮特斯伯格学会的主席 〔Herriot〕French politician. A leader of the Radical Socialist Party, he served as premier (1924-1925, 1926, and 1932) and was president of the national assembly (1947-1954).赫里欧，爱多艾德：(1872-1957) 法国政治家。社会党激进的领导人，他担任过总理职务(1924-1925，1926和1932年），还担任过国民大会(1947-1954年）的主席〔Molotov〕Soviet politician who was head of the Council of People's Commissars (1930-1941) and foreign minister (1939-1949 and 1953-1956).莫洛托夫，米哈伊洛维奇·米哈伊洛维奇：(1890-1986) 苏联政治家，曾任苏联人民委员会主席(1930-1941年）和外交部长(1939-1949及1953-1956年）〔Kalinin〕Russian politician who participated in the revolution of 1917 and was head of state as chairman of the All-Union Central Executive Committee (1919-1938) and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1938-1946).加里宁，米克海尔·伊凡诺维奇：(1875-1946) 苏俄政治家，曾参加1917年俄国革命，历任苏联中央执行委员会主席（1919-1938年）和苏联最高苏维埃主席团主席（1938-1946年）〔recognize〕The club's president recognized the new member.俱乐部主席准许那个新成员发言〔conduct〕The chairperson conducted the hearing. It can also refer to the coordinated actions of a group: 主席先生主持了这个听证会。 它也可以指一群人的合作： 〔Belmont〕American socialite and suffragist who won acceptance into New York's high society through extravagant spending and entertaining. She later promoted women's suffrage and was president of the National Women's Party (1921-1933).贝尔蒙，阿尔瓦·埃特斯金·史密斯·范德比尔特：(1853-1933) 美国社会名流和主张扩大参政权者，通过奢侈的花费和款待得以进入纽约上层社会。后来她促进妇女参政并成为“美国妇女党”的主席（1921-1933年）〔foreman〕A man who chairs and speaks for a jury.首席陪审员：陪审团主席和发言人〔Bridges〕American labor leader. He organized the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) and served as its president for 40 years.布里奇斯，哈丽：(1901-1990) 美国劳工领导人。他组织了国际码头工人和仓库工人联合会(ILWU)，并任该组织的主席达40年〔empty〕The chairmanship is vacant. Figuratively the word refers to the absence of intelligent meaning or thought: 主席职位空缺。 修辞上该词指缺乏理念意志： 〔Henderson〕British politician who was president of the World Disarmament Conference (1932-1935). He won the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.亨德森，阿瑟：(1863-1935) 英国政治家，曾为世界裁军大会(1932-1935年）的主席。他获1934年诺贝尔和平奖〔chair〕A person who holds an office or a position of authority, such as one who presides over a meeting or administers a department of instruction at a college; a chairperson.高官，主席：占有权威职位或席位的人，如主持一会议的人或大学里的系主任；主席〔Romulo〕Philippine journalist and diplomat who supported the Allies during the Japanese invasion and occupation of the Philippines (1941-1945) and was later president of the United Nations General Assembly (1949-1950).罗慕洛，卡洛斯·珀纳：(1899-1985) 菲律宾新闻记者和外交家。他在日本侵占菲律宾时（1941-1945年）支持盟军且后来任联合国大会主席（1949-1950年）〔Reuther〕American labor leader who was president of the United Auto Workers (1946-1970) and of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1952-1955).鲁瑟，沃尔特·菲利普：(1907-1970) 美国劳工领袖，汽车工人联合会(1946-1970年）和工业组织代表大会(1952-1955年）的主席〔Spingarn〕American poet and critic. He was a founder (1909) and president (1930-1939) of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.斯平加恩，乔尔·埃利亚：(1875-1939) 美国诗人及批评家，他是“全国有色人种进步协会”的创始人（创建于1909年）并曾任主席(1930-1939年）〔chairperson〕A chairman or chairwoman.See Usage Note at man 主席或女主席 参见 man〔Ulbricht〕German politician who was general secretary of East Germany's Socialist Unity Party (1953-1971) and chairman of the council of state (1960-1973). He ordered the building of the Berlin Wall (1961).乌布利希，沃尔特：(1893-1973) 德国的政治家，曾任东德社会统一党总书记(1953-1971年）和国务院主席(1960-1973年）。他下令建起了柏林墙(1961年）〔accompany〕The picture shows the party chairperson escorting the candidate through the crowd.这张图片反映了党的主席陪同候选人通过人群。〔Eccles〕American economist and public official who served as governor of the Federal Reserve Board (1934-1936) and as chairman of the board of governors of the Federal Reserve System (1936-1948).埃克尔斯，马里纳·斯托达德：(1890-1977) 美国经济学家和公务长官，1934-1936年间担任联邦储备处总监，1936-1948担任联邦储备系统理事会主席〔chairman〕The presiding officer of an assembly, a meeting, a committee, or a board.主席：议会、会议、委员会或董事会的首席官员〔Bajer〕Danish pacifist who was a founder and president of the International Peace Bureau in Bern, Switzerland. He shared the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize.鲍耶尔，弗雷德里克：(1837-1922) 丹麦和平主义者，是瑞士伯尔尼国际和平组织的创立者和主席。获1908年诺贝尔和平奖〔Podgorny〕Soviet politician who was president of the U.S.S.R. from 1965 to 1977, when he was displaced by Leonid Brezhnev.波德戈尔内，尼科莱·尼科托洛维奇：(1903-1983) 苏联政治家，从1965年到1977年期间，担任苏联的主席，1977年他被列奥尼德·勃列日涅夫所取代〔person〕chairperson; spokesperson; salesperson.主席；发言人；销售员〔Dubinsky〕Russian-born American labor leader who was president of the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (1932-1966).杜宾斯基，戴维：(1892-1982) 苏联裔美国劳工领袖，曾任国际女服工人联合会主席(1932-1966年）〔Laurens〕American Revolutionary leader. A member (1777-1779) and president (1777-1778) of the Continental Congress, he was captured by the British while en route to Holland to obtain aid for the colonists (1780). Exchanged for Cornwallis (1782), he also helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1782-1784).劳伦斯，亨利：(1724-1792) 美国独立革命的领导人。他曾是大陆会议的成员（1777-1779年）和主席（1777-1778年），1780年在前往荷兰寻求对殖民地人民进行援助的路途中被英国人抓获。1782年通过与康华里交换而获释放，他还帮助完成巴黎公约的谈判（1782-1784年）〔Shaw〕British-born American physician and reformer who was president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (1904-1915).萧，安娜·霍华德：(1847-1919) 英国裔美国医生和改革家，是美国国家女权运动联合会(1904-1915年）的主席〔man〕Traditionally,man and words derived from it have been used generically to designate any or all of the human race irrespective of sex.In Old Englishthis was the principal sense ofman, which meant "a human being" regardless of sex;the wordswer and wyf (or w÷pman and wifman ) were used to refer to "a male human being" and "a female human being" respectively. But in Middle Englishman displaced wer as the term for "a male human being,”whilewyfman (which evolved into present-day woman ) was retained for "a female human being.” The result of these changes was an assymetrical arrangement that many criticize as sexist.Many writers have revised some of their practices accordingly.But the precise implications of the usage vary according to the context and the particular use ofman or its derivatives. · Man sometimes appears to have the sense of "person" or "people" when it is used as a count noun, as inA man is known by the company he keeps and Men have long yearned to unlock the secrets of the atom, and in phrases likethe common man and the man in the street. Here the generic interpretation arises indirectly:if a man is known by the company he keeps,then so, by implication, is a woman.For this reasonthe generic interpretation of these uses ofman is not possible where the applicability of the predicate varies according to the sex of the individual. Thus it would be inappropriate to say thatMen are the only animals that can conceive at any time, since the sentence literally asserts that the ability to conceive applies to male human beings.This usage presumes that males can be taken as representatives of the species.In almost all cases,however, the wordsperson and people can be substituted for man and men, often with a gain in clarity. · By contrast,man functions more as a generic when it is used without an article in the singular to refer to the human race, as in sentences likeThe capacity for language is unique to man or in phrases like man's inhumanity to man. But this use ofman is also ambiguous, since it can refer exclusively to male members of the human race.In most contexts wordssuch ashumanity or humankind will convey the generic sense of this use of man. · On the whole,the Usage Panel accepts the generic use ofman, the women members significantly less than the men. The sentenceIf early man suffered from a lack of information, modern man is tyrannized by an excess of it was acceptable to 81 percent of the Panel (including 58 percent of the women and 92 percent of the men).The Panel also accepted compound words derived from genericman. The sentenceThe Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from space was acceptable to 86 percent (including 76 percent of the women and 91 percent of the men).The sentence"The history of language is the history of mankind" (James Bradstreet Greenough and George Lyman Kittredge) was acceptable to 76 percent (including 63 percent of the women and 82 percent of the men). Such compounds were acceptable even when the context required that they be applied chiefly to women.Thus, 66 percent of the Panel (including 57 percent of the women and 71 percent of the men) accepts the wordmanpower in the sentence Countries that do not permit women to participate in the work force are at a disadvantage in competing with those that do avail themselves of that extra source of manpower. · A related set of problems is raised by the use ofman in forming the names of occupational and social rolessuch asbusinessman, chairman, spokesman, layman, and freshman, as well as in analogous formationssuch asunsportsmanlike and showmanship. Some condemn this use categorically;however, these words remained acceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel when they were used to refer to a role or class in the abstractbut were rejected when they were used to refer to a woman.Thus the general use ofchairman was acceptable to 67 percent of the Panel (including 52 percent of the women and 76 percent of the men) in the sentence The chairman will be appointed by the Faculty Senate. But only 48 percent (including 43 percent of the women and 50 percent of the men) accepted the use of the word inEmily Owen, chairman of the Mayor's Task Force, issued a statement assuring residents that their views would be solicited, where it is applied to a woman. · Several strategies have been suggested for replacing the categorical use of compounds formed withman. Parallel terms likebusinesswoman, spokeswoman and chairwoman are increasingly used to refer to women. Also in use are common-gender terms coined withperson, such asbusinessperson, spokesperson, and chairperson. For occupational titles ending inman, new standards of official usage have been established by the U.S. Department of Labor and other government agencies.In official contexts termssuch asfirefighter and police officer are now generally used in place of fireman and policeman. · A majority of the Panelists rejected the verbman when it was used to refer to an activity performed by women. The sentenceMembers of the League of Women Voters will be manning the registration desk was unacceptable to 56 percent of the Panel (including 61 percent of the women and 54 percent of the men). See Usage Note at -ess ,people 传统上，man 以及它的衍生字一般是用来指任何人或整个人类， 不考虑性别。在古英语中，这就是man 这个字主要的意思， 即“人” 而不分性别；单词wer 和 wyf （或 woepman 和 wifman )则分别用以指“男人”和“女人”。 但在中古英语时man 取代了 wer 这个词， 也具有“男人”的意义了；而wyfman （这个字发展演变成了今天的 woman 这个字）作为“女人”这个意思被保留了下来。 这些变化的结果是，作为性别歧视者所批评的匀称排列。为此，许多作家相应地修订了他们部分的创作活动。但是这用法的准确含义取决于它的上下文以及man 的具体用途或它的衍生字。 当man 这个字被当作一个可数名词来用时，它有时似乎具有“一个人”或“人们”的意思， 如在被他所在的那个公司熟悉了解的人 和 很久以来，人们都期盼着解开原子的秘密 ， 以及如下短语中普通的人 和 街上的人 。 这里，一般的理解源于间接地推理：如果一个男人是被他所在的公司了解的话，其言下之意是，一个女人也是被他所在的公司熟悉了解的。正是这个原因，使得man 当此一般理解之义用时，其谓语随着个人性别的改变而变化是不可能的。 所以，说人是唯一能在任何时候思考的动物 是不适当的， 因为这句话字面之义是指男人的思考能力。这种用法是假定男人可以作为人类的代表。几乎毫无例外的是，词person 和 people 可以用 man 和 men 来取代，且后两字意思更清楚。 相反，当man 以单数不带冠词出现用以指人类时，它更是指一类、一属， 如在象句子只有人才有语言能力 或象短语 人类对人类的不人道 中。 但man 若以这种形式出现，其意思也会模糊不清， 因为其可只指人类中的男性成员。在大多数的行文中，例如humanity 或 humankind 这样的字也传达了 man 这种用法的一般意义。 总的说来，在用法专题使用小组成员中接受man 这种一般用法的女性比男性明显少得多。 下面这句话如果说古代人受信息不足之苦的话，那么现代人则是受信息过量之虐待了 在小组中有81的成员可接受 （其中女性成员中的接受率为58，男性中则为92)。专题小组会还接受作为一般意义的man 构成的复合词。 长城是太空中的唯一可见的人造物 这句话有86的成员接受 （其中女性成员的接受率为76，而男性中为91)。“语言史就是一部人类史” （詹姆士·布拉斯瑞特·格里诺和乔治·莱曼·基特里奇）这句话的接受率为76（基中在女性成员中有63接受，而男性中为82)。 即使是上下行文所需的字主要指的是女人，这种复合词仍然被接受。因此小组中的66（其中女性委员的57，男性的71)接受了manpower 这个词在下句的用法： 那些不允许女人加入生产力大军的国家和那些允许女人加入生产力大军的国家相比，在处理剩余劳动力这一点上明显处于竞争的劣势 。 由于man 的使用所引起的一系列相关问题产生了， 在构成职业或社会角色类别的名称，如商人、主席、发言人、外行 和 渔夫 ， 以及将这个字用于类似的构词法中，如违反运动精神的 和 善于表演的才能 。 有些人谴责这种类别的用法；然而，当它们抽象地指某种角色或阶层时，这些词仍能得到用法专题使用小组大多数人的接受；但当它们用由于指女性时，这些词就被拒绝了。因此在句子主席由职工委员会指定 中 主席 的这种一般用法就得到了67小组成员的接受（其中在女性成员中为52，而男性中为76)。 但是，在句子艾米莉·欧文，市长任务小组的主席，发表了一个声明，向市长保证将考虑他们的观点 中这个字的用法，由于是指女性，只有48的成员接受（其中在女性成员中的接受率为43，而男性中为50)。 对于如何替换用man 构成的类别复合词，几种构思被提了出来。 与之相对的复合词如女商人、女发言人 和 女主席 越来越多地被用来指女性。 另外，用person 构成的中性词也创造了出来， 如商人、发言人 和 主席 。 对于用man 结尾的职业名称， 美国政府劳工部和其它政府机构已建立起了新的官方运用标准。在官方行文，现在一般用如firefighter 和 police officer 代替 fireman 和 policeman 。 大多数的小组成员反对将动词man 用于指那些女性从事的活动。 句子登记处将配备女性选民联盟的成员 在用法专题使用小组中的反对率是56（其中在女性成员中的反对率是61，而男性中为54) 参见 -ess,people〔outgoing〕the outgoing chairperson.即将离职的主席〔Spaak〕Belgian politician who was the first president of the United Nations General Assembly (1946) and later served as the secretary-general of NATO (1957-1961).斯帕克，保罗·亨利·查尔斯：(1889-1972) 比利时政治家，第一届联合国大会主席(1946年），后出任北大西洋公约组织秘书长(1957-1961年）〔Hillman〕Lithuanian-born American labor leader who was president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (1914-1946) and a founder of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1935).希尔曼，锡德尼：(1887-1946) 出生于立陶宛的美国劳工领袖曾任美国制衣工人联合会主席(1914年-1946年），还是产业工会联合会(1935年）的创始人之一〔Catt〕American suffragist who was an organizer and president (1900-1904 and 1915-1947) of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. She organized the League of Women Voters in 1919, the year before the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified.凯特，卡丽·（莱恩）·查普曼：(1859-1947) 美国妇女参政主义者，美国全国妇女参政协会的发动人和主席（1900-1904和1915-1947年）。她在1919年美国联邦宪法第19条修正案通过的前一年，组织成立了妇女选举人联盟〔contract〕The chairman condensed all the suggestions put forward into a single plan of action.主席把所有提出的建议汇集成一个行动计划。〔commissar〕The head of a commissariat in the Soviet Union until 1946.人民委员会主席：1946年以前的苏联人民委员会主席〔Meany〕American labor leader who exerted great political influence as the first president of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1955-1979).米尼，乔治：(1894-1980) 美国劳工领袖，作为美国劳工联盟和工业组织协会的第一任主席（1955-1979年），产生过极大政治影响〔Hoffa〕American labor leader who became president of the Teamsters Union (1957) and attempted to organize all transportation workers into one union. Hoffa was jailed for jury tampering and fraud (1967-1971) and was later abducted and presumably murdered (1975).霍发，詹姆斯·里德尔：(1913-1975?) 美国劳工领袖，1957年成为卡车司机联盟的主席，并试图将所有交通工人组成一个联盟。他因贿赂陪审团及欺骗而入狱(1967-1971年），后被劫持，可能于1975年遇害〔appoint〕was appointed chairperson of the committee;被任命为委员会主席；〔Powell〕American general who has served as U.S. secretary of state (since 2001) and as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989-1996). He was influential in planning U.S. strategy during the Persian Gulf War.鲍威尔，柯林·路德：美国将军，曾任美国国务卿（自2001年）和美国参谋首长联席会主席（1989-1996年）。在波湾战争时对美国的军事策略拟定有很大的影响 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。