| 单词 | 主编 |
| 释义 | 〔Cronkite〕American news broadcaster and editor. A newspaper and wire service correspondent during World War II, he spent the majority of his career with the Columbia Broadcasting System as their nightly news anchor (1962-1981).克朗凯，沃尔特：美国新闻播报员和主编。二次大战时是报社及新闻通讯社记者，他大部分的职业生涯都在美国哥伦比亚广播公司度过，担任晚间新闻主播（1962-1981年）〔Ransom〕American poet and critic. The founder and editor (1939-1959) of theKenyon Review, he was a leading proponent of New Criticism. His collections of poetry include Chills and Fevers (1924). 兰塞姆，约翰·克劳：(1888-1974) 美国诗人和评论家《凯尼恩评论》 的创始人和主编(1939-1959年）。他是新批评主义的领导人。他的诗集有 《冷与热》 等(1924年） 〔Lowell〕American editor, poet, and diplomat. He edited theAtlantic Monthly (1857-1861) and served as U.S. minister to Spain (1877-1880) and Great Britain (1880-1885). 洛威尔，詹姆斯·拉塞尔：(1819-1891) 美国编辑，诗人和外交家。他主编了《大西洋月刊》 （1857-1861年）。并曾担任美国驻西班牙公使(1877-1880年）和驻英公使(1880-1885年） 〔Bok〕Dutch-born American journalist and editor known for his editorship of theLadies' Home Journal and his work for peace and social reforms. 博克，爱德华·威廉：(1863-1930) 荷兰裔美国记者和编辑，因担任《妇女家庭杂志》 主编和力主和平及社会改革的工作而闻名 〔Catton〕American historian and editor who wrote extensively on the Civil War and edited (1954-1959)American Heritage magazine. 凯通，（查尔斯）布鲁斯：(1899-1978) 美国历史学家及编辑，著有大量关于美国内战的作品，主编（1954-1959年）《美国遗产》 杂志 〔Patterson〕American family of journalists, includingRobert Wilson Patterson (1850-1910), editor in chief of the Chicago Tribune (1899-1910). His son Joseph Medill Patterson (1879-1946) founded (1919) the New York Daily News, and his daughter Eleanor Medill Patterson (1884-1948) founded (1939) the Washington Times-Herald. 帕特森：美国记者之家，包括罗伯特·威尔逊·帕特森 (1850-1910年）， 《芝加哥论坛报》 （1899-1910年）主编。他的儿子 约瑟夫·梅迪尔·帕特森 (1879-1946年），1919年创立了 《纽约每日新闻》 ，他的女儿 埃利诺·梅迪尔·帕特森 (1884-1948年）于1939年创立了 《华盛顿时代先锋报》 〔Tate〕American writer and editor. A leading exponent of New Criticism, he edited theSewanee Review (1944-1946) and is known especially for his poetry, including "Ode to the Confederate Dead" (1926). 泰特，艾伦：(1899-1979) 美国作家和编辑。他是《新评论》的主要倡导者。曾主编过《西温尼评论》 （1944-1946年），尤以其诗作而出名，所作诗歌包括“南军死难将士颂”(1926年） 〔gerrymander〕"An official statement of the returns of voters for senators give[s] twenty nine friends of peace, and eleven gerrymanders.”So reported the May 12, 1813, edition of theMassachusetts Spy. A gerrymander sounds like a strange political beast,which in fact it is, considered from a historical perspective.This beast was named by combining the wordsalamander, "a small lizardlike amphibian,” with the last name of Elbridge Gerry, a former governor of Massachusetts— a state noted for its varied, often colorful political fauna.Gerry (whose name, incidentally, was pronounced with a hardg, though gerrymander is now commonly pronounced with a soft g ) was immortalized in this way because an election district created by members of his party in 1812 looked like a salamander.According to one version of howgerrymander was coined, the shape of the district attracted the eye of the painter Gilbert Stuart,who noticed it on a map hanging in a newspaper editor's office.Stuart decorated the map with a head, wings, and clawsand then said to the editor, "That will do for a salamander!”"Gerrymander!” came the reply.A new political beast was created then and there.The word is first recorded in April 1812 with respect to the creature or its caricature,but it soon came to mean not only "the action of shaping a district to gain political advantage"but also "any representative elected from such a district by that method.”Within the same yeargerrymander was also recorded as a verb. “一份答复参议员选举人的官方声明宣布了二十九个和平伙伴和十一个不公正划分的选区。”在1813年3月12日的一期马萨诸塞州观察报 上有如上报导。 一个不公正划分选区听起来象是一个奇怪的政治怪兽，事实上它是来自历史上的观点。这个怪兽是由两个词合并而命名的，即salamander “一种蜥蜴状的两栖动物，”及马萨诸塞州州长埃尔布里奇·格里的姓。 而马萨诸萨州以其多变的、通常多姿多彩的政治动物群而闻名。格里（他的名字碰巧发重音g， 尽管 gerrymander 现在普遍发轻音 g， ）以此种方式而垂名史册， 因为1812年由他所在党成员组建的选举区就象一只蝾螈。根据一种gerrymander 如何被创造的观点， 该区的形状吸引了一位画家基尔伯特·斯图亚特，他在一家报纸的主编办公室里挂在墙上的地图中发现了它。斯图尔特又画上头、翅膀和爪子，然后对主编说，“那就象只蝾螈了！”"Gerrymander！”主编回答道。此时此地一个新的政治怪兽产生了。这个词于1812年4月首次被记录是在谈到这种牲畜或讽刺的画中，但很快，它就不仅意味“为赢得政治优势的改变区划的行动”，而且有“用此种方法选出的任何代表”的意思。同年gerrymander 也被作为一个动词而记载下来 〔edit〕To supervise the publication of (a newspaper or magazine, for example).主编：主管如（如，报纸或杂志）的出版〔Anderson〕American editor who founded and editedThe Little Review (1914-1929), an influential literary magazine. 安德森，玛格丽特·加罗林：(1893?-1973) 美国编辑，曾创刊并主编《小评论》 （1914-1929年），一份有影响的文学刊物 〔Lockhart〕Scottish writer who edited theQuarterly Review (1825-1853). His best-known work is the seven-volume Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott (1837-1838). 洛克哈特，约翰·吉布森：(1794-1854) 苏格兰作家，主编《四季评论》 （1825－1853年）。他最著名的作品是七卷本的 《瓦尔特·斯各特爵士回忆录》 （1837－1838年） 〔Perry〕American educator, editor, and critic who edited theAtlantic Monthly from 1899 to 1909. 佩里，布利斯：(1860-1954) 美国教育家、编辑和批评家，从1899年到1909年他曾主编过《大西洋月刊》 〔appendicitis〕Even though the wordappendicitis was in use in 1885, the year in which theOxford English Dictionary published the section "Anta-Battening" that would have contained the word, the editor, James Murray, omitted this "crack-jaw medical and surgical word" on the advice of Oxford's Regius Professor of Medicine, Sir Henry Wentworth Acland.As K.M. Elisabeth Murray, the granddaughter and biographer of James Murray, points out,"The problem of what scientific words to include was a continuing one, and James Murray was always under pressure—from his advisers . . . who thought the emphasis should be on words from good literature and from those in the [Oxford University] Press who wanted to save cost and time—not to include scientific words of recent origin.”In 1902 no less a person than Edward VII had his appendix removed,and his coronation was postponed because of the operation.Appendicitis hence came into widespread use and has remained so, thereby pointing up the lexicographer's difficult task of selecting the new words that people will look for in their dictionaries.尽管appendicitis 这个词于1885年就已使用， 在这一年出版的牛津英语词典 的“安塔族-增长论”这一分册应包括有这个词， 但在牛津皇家医学院教授亨利·温特华斯·阿克兰的建议下，主编詹姆斯·莫雷删掉了这个“拗口的医学和外科用词”。正如詹姆斯·莫雷的孙女和传记作者K·M·伊莉莎白·莫雷指出的那样， “应包括什么科学用语是一个长期以来的问题，詹姆斯·莫雷经常遇到来自他的顾问的压力…他们认为重点应放到从好文学作品中收来的词汇上，还受到来自出版社的压力，他们为了节约成本和时间而不愿收录新近的科学词汇”。1902年恰恰正是爱德华七世割除了阑尾，他的加冕典礼也因为这次手术而延迟。Appendicitis 一词因此得到了普遍的使用并保持至今， 这也表明了词典编纂者在选择人们要查找的新单词时所面临的艰难任务〔Lee〕British biographer who edited theDictionary of National Biography from 1891 to 1917. His other works include the Life of William Shakespeare (1898) and Life of Queen Victoria (1902). 李，锡德尼：(1859-1926) 英国传记家。主编了《英国人物传记字典》 （1891年至1917年期间）。他的其他作品包括 《威廉·莎士比亚生平》 （1898年）和 《维多利亚女王传》 （1902年） 〔Steffens〕American journalist. As managing editor ofMcClure's Magazine (1902-1906), he exposed governmental corruption in a series of articles, thereby inaugurating the era of muckraking journalism. 斯蒂芬斯，（约瑟夫）林肯：(1866-1936) 美国记者，作为《麦克卢尔杂志》 （1902-1906年）的主编，他以一系列文章揭露了政府的腐败，并就此开创了丑闻报道的时代 〔Bryant〕American poet, critic, and editor known especially for his early nature poems, such as "Thanatopsis" (1817) and "To a Waterfowl" (1821). As editor and part owner (1829-1878) of theNew York Evening Post he advocated reforms ranging from abolitionism to free trade. 布赖恩特，威廉·卡伦：(1794-1878) 美国诗人、评论家和编辑，早期写过描绘大自然的诗歌，如死亡观(1817年）和致水鸟(1821年），他因此享有盛名。他曾主编《纽约晚邮报》 提倡从废奴到自由贸易的各方面的改革 〔Hale〕American writer and editor ofGodey's Lady's Book (1837-1877), the most popular American women's magazine of its time. Her own works include the poem "Mary Had a Little Lamb" (1830). 海尔，撒拉·约瑟法·比尔：(1788-1879) 美国作家，《弋迪妇女杂志》 的主编(1837-1877年），该杂志在当时是美国最流行的妇女杂志。她自己的作品包括诗《玛丽的小羊羔》(1830年） 〔Grosvenor〕American geographer who directed the National Geographic Society (1899-1966) and edited its magazine (1899-1954).格罗夫纳，吉尔伯特·霍维：(1875-1966) 美国地理学家，任全国地理学会会长（1899-1966年）和其杂志的主编（1899-1954年）〔Livermore〕American suffragist, reformer, and lecturer. She founded (1869)The Agitator and edited (1869-1872) the Woman's Journal . 利弗莫尔，玛丽·艾什顿·赖斯：(1820-1905) 美国妇女参政主义者，改革家和演说家，她建立了（1829年）《运动者》 并主编了（1869－1872年） 《妇女杂志》 〔Bloomer〕American social reformer who founded and edited the feminist newspaperLily (1849-1855), wrote about unjust marriage laws and women's suffrage, and advocated a new style of dress for women. 布卢姆，阿梅莉亚·詹克斯：(1818-1894) 美国社会变革者，创立和主编女权主义报纸《百合花》 （1849-1855年），写了一些反映不公正的婚姻法和妇女选举权的文章，还鼓励妇女穿一种新式服装 〔Greeley〕American journalist and politician who founded and edited theNew York Tribune (1841-1872). In 1872 he ran unsuccessfully for President. 格里利，霍勒斯：(1811-1872) 美国报刊编辑和政治家，创建并主编《纽约论坛报》 （1841-1872年）。1872年竞选总统失败 〔Howells〕American writer and editor in chief (1871-1881) of theAtlantic Monthly, who encouraged a number of writers, including Mark Twain and Henry James. He also wrote many novels, such as The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885), and books of literary criticism. 豪威尔斯，威廉·迪安：(1837-1920) 美国作家及《大西洋月刊》 的主编(1871年-1881年）。他曾给予许多作家，包括马克·吐温和亨利·詹姆斯以鼓励。他也写过许多小说，如 《西拉斯·拉帕姆的崛起》 （1885年），和文学批评集 〔Aldrich〕American writer and editor best known for his editorship of theAtlantic Monthly (1881-1890) and his novel The Story of a Bad Boy (1870). 奥尔德里奇，托马斯·贝雷：(1836-1907) 美国作家和编辑，以其主编的《大西洋月刊》 （1881-1890年）和其所作小说 《顽童纪事》 而著名 〔Lockyer〕British astronomer who founded and was the first editor (1869-1919) ofNature magazine. 洛克耶，约瑟夫·诺尔曼：(1836-1920) 英国天文学家，他创立了《自然》 杂志（1869-1919年），并任第一任主编 |
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