| 单词 | 之前 |
| 释义 | 〔thing〕Right away; before anything else:首先：立即；在其它事之前：〔predict〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to tell about something in advance of its occurrence by means of special knowledge or inference": 这些动词所共有的中心意思是“凭借特殊知识或推理在事情发生之前预先报告”： 〔prename〕A forename.名（在姓之前）〔abort〕To cause to terminate pregnancy prematurely, before the embryo or fetus is viable.使败育：在胚胎或胎儿成活之前导致其过早停止怀孕〔abort〕To cause the expulsion of (an embryo or fetus) before it is viable.使堕胎：在（胚胎或胎儿）能够成活之前导致其排出〔prepunch〕To punch computer data cards or tape before an anticipated use.预先在…上穿孔：在预定使用之前在计算机信息卡上或磁带上打孔〔windrow〕A long row of cut hay or grain left to dry in a field before being bundled.摊成行吹干的谷物（或草等）：在打成捆之前放在地里晾干的一长排割下的干草或谷物〔Prakrit〕pra- [before, forward] * see per 1pra- [在…之前，向前地] * 参见 per 1〔Devonian〕Of, belonging to, or designating the geologic time, system of rocks, or sedimentary deposits of the fourth period of the Paleozoic Era, after the Silurian and before the Mississippian or Carboniferous Period, and characterized by the appearance of forests and amphibians. See table at geologic time 泥盆纪的：归入古生代第四纪的地质时期的岩石系统或沉积矿床泥盆纪。处于志留记之后，密西西比纪或石炭纪之前，森林和两栖类的出现是其特征 参见 geologic time〔proscenium〕pro- [before] * see pro- 2pro- [在…之前] * 参见 pro-2〔Herr〕Used as a courtesy title in a German-speaking area, prefixed to the surname or professional title of a man.先生，阁下：在说德语的地区，加于人的姓或职称之前的礼貌称呼〔pretrial〕A proceeding held before an official trial, especially to clarify points of law and facts.审前预备会议：在正式审判之前举行的会议，尤指为弄明白法律条文和事实的会议〔deliver〕Before leaving I delivered myself of a few choice comments.离开之前，我发表了一些精心准备的评论〔epitaph〕epi- [epi-] epi- [前缀，表“在…之前”] 〔antichrist〕Antichrist The epithet of the great antagonist who was expected by the early Church to set himself up against Christ in the last days before the Second Coming. Antichrist 反基督教者：早期教会认为在基督复活之前的最后几天反对基督的对抗者〔forehead〕for- [fore-] for- [前缀，表“在…之前，领先”] 〔preprocess〕To perform conversion, formatting, or other functions on (data) before further processing.预加工，预处理：在进一步处理之前（对数据）进行转换、格式化或其他处理〔yesteryear〕The year before the present year.去年：当年之前的一年〔antrorse〕from Latin anterior [before] perhaps after intrōrsum [inwards] from interior [inside] 源自 拉丁语 anterior [在…之前] 可能源自 intrōrsum [在内部] 源自 interior [在…里面] 〔antebellum〕Belonging to the period before a war, especially the American Civil War.战前的：属于战争之前的时期，尤指美国南北战争〔prevenient〕Latin praeveniēns praevenient- [present participle of] praevenīre [to precede] 拉丁语 praeveniēns praevenient- praevenīre的现在分词 [在…之前的] 〔Shevardnadze〕Georgian political leader who became head of state in 1992 and president in 1995. Formerly a Soviet politician and diplomat, he served as foreign minister (1985-1990) under Mikhail Gorbachev, in which role he normalized the Soviet Union's relations with the West after the cold war.谢瓦尔德纳泽，爱德华·安夫罗斯耶维奇：格鲁吉亚政治领袖，1992年成为国家元首，1995年担任总统。之前，他是苏联政治家与外交家，在戈尔巴乔夫手下任外交部长（1985年-1990年），在此任职期间，他使苏联在冷战之后实现了与西方的关系正常化〔Lang〕Austrian-born American filmmaker. He madeMetropolis (1927), M (1931), and a number of other expressionist films before fleeing to Hollywood from Nazi Germany. His American films include Fury (1936) and The Ministry of Fear (1944). 兰，弗里兹：(1890-1976) 奥地利裔美国电影制作人，从纳粹德国逃往好莱坞之前他创作了《大都会》 （1927年）、 《M》 以及许多其他表现主义电影作品。他所创作的美国影片有 《狂怒》 （1936年）和 《恐惧内阁》 （1944年） 〔prevocalic〕Of or relating to a form of a linguistic element, such as a suffix, prefix, or word, that occurs only before a vowel.与那些只出现在元音之前的语言要素形式，如后缀、前缀或词语有联系的或仅出现于元音之前的语言要素形式（如后缀、前缀或词语）的〔propylaeum〕pro- [before] * see pro- 2pro- [在…之前] * 参见 pro-2〔afore〕fōran [before] fōran [在…之前] 〔Keats〕British poet considered among the greatest in English. His works, melodic and rich in classical imagery, include "The Eve of St. Agnes,” "Ode on a Grecian Urn,” and "To Autumn" (all 1819).济慈，约翰：(1795-1821) 英国最伟大的诗人之一，他的作品音调优美，古典意象丰富，包括“圣爱格妮斯之前夜”、希腊古瓮”和“秋颂”（均写于1819年）〔but〕Traditional grammarians have worried over what form the pronoun ought to take whenbut is used to indicate an exception in sentences such as No one but I (or No one but me ) has read it. Some have argued thatbut is a conjunction in these sentences and therefore should be followed by the nominative formI. However, many of these grammarians have gone on to argue somewhat inconsistentlythat the accusative formme is appropriate when the but phrase occurs at the end of a sentence, as inNo one has read it but me. While this treatment of the construction has a considerable weight of precedent on its sideand cannot be regarded as incorrect,a strong case can be made on grammatical grounds for treating this use ofbut as a preposition. For one thing, ifbut were truly a conjunction here, we would expect the verb to agree in person and number with the noun or pronoun followingbut; we would then sayNo one but the students have read it. What is more, ifbut were a true conjunction here we would not expect that it could be moved to the end of a clause, as inNo one has read it but the students. Note that we cannot use the conjunctionand in a similar way, saying John left and everyone else in the class in place of John and everyone else in the class left. These observations suggest thatbut is best considered as a preposition here and followed by accusative forms such asme and them in all positions: No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me. These recommendations are supported by 73 percent of the Usage Panel when thebut phrase precedes the verb and by 93 percent when thebut phrase follows the verb. · But is redundant when used together with however, as in But the army, however, went on with its plans; one or the other word should be eliminated. ·But is generally not followed by a comma. Correct written style requiresKim wanted to go, but we stayed, not Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed. · But may be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style. See Usage Note at and ,cannot ,doubt ,however ,I 1传统的语法学家考虑当but 用于表示例外的意思时应该用什么形式的代词，比如 No one but I （或者 No one but me ) has read it 。 有人认为but 在这种句子中是个连词， 因此应该使用主格I。 然而许多语法学家接下来的讨论有些不一致，即当but 短语出现在句子末尾时用宾格 me 比较合适， 如No one has read it but me（除我以外没有人读过它）。 同时这种结构前置处理的重要性是值得考虑的，并且不会被认为是不正确的，一个有力的例子在语法范畴内，认为but 在这里作介词使用。 首先如果but 在此真是一个连词的话， 我们会期望同名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致的动词跟在but 后面； 我们会说No one but the students have read it（除学生以外没有人读过它）。 再者，如果but 在此真是连词的话，我们不希望它被放在句子末尾， 如在句子No one has read it but the students 中。 注意我们不以类似的方式来使用连词and ，说 John left and everyone else in the class 来代替 John and everyone else in the class left。 这些发现表明but 在此最好被当作介词， 在任何位置后面都应跟宾格形式如me 和 them ： No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me（除了我没人读过它）。 当but 短语放在动词之前时，有百分之七十三的用法专题使用小组成员支持这些提议； 而当but 短语放在动词之后时，得到百分之九十三的小组成员的支持。 But 在同 however 一起使用时是多余的，如 But the army, however, went on with its plans； 这两个词必须去掉其中一个。But 通常后面不加逗号。 正确的写法是Kim wanted to go, but we stayed, 而不是 Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed 。 But 可以放在所有文体标准的句子开头 参见 and,cannot,doubt,however,I1〔superman〕Overman and Beyondman hardly seem likely names for a superhero, but perhapsOverman might be "leaping tall buildings at a single bound" had the German word Übermensch been translated differently than it was. However, Nietzsche's term for the ideal superior man was translated into English assuperman, first recorded in a work by George Bernard Shaw published in 1903. Such a term comes to us through a process called loan translation, or calque formation,whereby the semantic components of a word or phrase in one language are literally translated into their equivalents in another language,GermanÜbermensch, made up of über, "super-,” and Mensch, "man,” thus becoming superman. Becauseüber- can also be translated "beyond" and "over,” we also findoverman and beyondman as calques for the word Übermensch, but they did not take root.Shaw, in a letter written before 1917, noted that"some of our most felicitous writers . . . had been using such desperate and unspeakable forms as Beyondman, when the glib Superman was staring them in the face all the time.”Hence, when it came to naming a new comic strip hero,Superman was the logical choice, a name first recorded in 1938. Overman 和 Beyondman 看上去几乎不象超级英雄的名称， 但是，如果将德语中 Übermensch 这个单词译作不同于原有的译法时，那么，也许 Overman 可能是“纵身一跃就能跃过高楼大厦”。 然而，尼采给予理想超人的名称译成英语为Superman ， 这个词最早见于乔治·萧伯纳的出版于1903年的一部作品中。这个词是通过借译而来的，或者说是通过仿造而来的，在以上这样的过程中，一个词或词组的语义成分被直译成另一语言中的与之相对应的成分。德语单词 Übermensch 是由 uber （即英语中"super-”之意）和 Mensch （即英语中"man"之意）组成的，这样的话，此词在英语中就成了 Superman 。 因为 über 也可译为"beyond"和"over"， 所以我们发现 躡ermensch 也被借译为 overman 和 beyondman 。 但是，这两个词并没有在英语中确立下来。萧伯纳在写于1917年之前的一封信中说道：“一些措辞最巧妙的英语作家，竟一直使用象Beyondman这种令人绝望而又无法形容的词，却对一直面对面盯着他们的‘Superman’视而不见”。这样，当要命名一个新的连环漫画中的英雄时，Superman 一词就成了理所当然的选择，这个名称首次记录于1938年 〔foretell〕augured scandal from a distance;在一段时间之前预言丑闻；〔pass〕Luckily the kidney stone passed before she had to be hospitalized.幸好这个肾结石在她必须住院之前化掉了〔prewriting〕The creation and arrangement of ideas preliminary to writing.构思：在写作之前的创作和想法的整理〔Caelian〕One of the seven hills of ancient Rome. The most southeasterly of the hills, it was densely populated until much of it was devastated by a fire ina.d. 27. 卡利安：古代罗马七座小山之一。位于这些山的最靠东南部的地方。在被公元 27年一场大火烧毁之前，这里人口一直很多 〔prison〕The wordprison has its origins not in the notions of what such a place is but rather in the notion of how one gets there. Prison can be traced back to the Latin word prēnsiō, "the action or power of making an arrest.” This in turn is derived from the verbprehendere or prendere, which meant "to take hold of, take into custody, arrest.”Prēnsiō then dives into the obscurity of the time when Romance languages such as French were being formed from Vulgar Latin and resurfaces in the Old French of the 12th century with the formprison and the senses "capture" and "place of imprisonment.”This new sense could have already been developed in Latinand not been recorded,but we have to wait until the 12th century to see it,the sense "captivity" being added in the same century.From Old French as well as the Medieval Latin wordpriso, "prison,” derived from Old French, came our Middle English word prisoun, first recorded in a work written before 1121in the sense "imprisonment.”The sense "place of imprisonment" is recorded shortly afterward in a text copied down before 1225but perhaps actually written in the Old English period before the Norman Conquest.Prison 这个单词的来源不在于它是一个什么样的地方而在于一个人是怎么进去的。 Prison 可追溯到意思是“进行逮捕的行动或力量”的拉丁词 prensio。 这个词也是从动词prehendere 或 prendere 派生出来的， 意思是“捉住，逮捕，拘留。”Prensio 这个词在罗马语系中的语言（如法语）逐渐从通俗拉丁语形成时被人们忘却了， 12世纪又以prison 的形式在古法语中重新露面， 其含义是“捉住”和“囚禁人的地方。”这个新的含义很可能在拉丁语中已得到了发展，只是没有被记录下来，但是我们直到12世纪才看到它，在同一世纪“囚禁，俘虏”的意思被加了进去。从古法语、同时也是从源于古法语的中世纪拉丁语词priso “监狱，监禁”中产生了中古英语单词 prison， 这个词最早的记录是在一部著于1121年的作品中，意思是“监禁，拘留。”“监禁或囚禁的地方”这层意思在稍后出现的、在1225年以前被抄录下来的一篇文章中出现，但可能实际写作的时间是在诺曼征服之前的古英语时期〔coast〕coasted for a few weeks before applying for a job.在找工作之前先轻松的玩几周〔Giulini〕Italian conductor best known for his work conducting opera. He served as conductor at La Scala in Milan (1951-1956) and Covent Garden in London (1958-1967) prior to leading the Los Angeles Philharmonic (1978-1984).朱利尼，卡罗·玛利亚：意大利指挥家，以其指挥歌剧的作品最为著称于世，在领导洛杉矶爱乐交响乐团（1978至1984年）之前，他曾经服务于米兰史卡拉交响乐团（1951至1956年）及位于伦敦哥芬特花园剧院（1958至1967年）担任指挥〔prequel〕A literary, cinematic, or dramatic work taking place in or concerned with a time before the action of a preexisting work:先行篇，前篇：与已问世文艺作品的情节有关的或在其之前出现的文艺，电影或戏剧作品：〔gammon〕A victory in backgammon reached before the loser has succeeded in removing a single piece.全胜：在西洋十五子棋戏中对方一个棋子还没赢之前获胜〔consult〕consult one's checkbook before making a major purchase.在进行大的购买行动之前先看看支票薄〔original〕Preceding all others in time; first.最早的：时间处于所有其它东西之前的；第一个 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。