| 单词 | 之物 |
| 释义 | 〔advantage〕Benefit or profit; gain:利益：好处或利益；所获之物：〔four〕Something having four parts, units, or members, such as a musical quartet or a four-cylinder engine.四个一组之物：四个（人或物）一组，如音乐四重奏，四缸发动机等〔comfort〕The capacity to give physical ease and well-being:能给予舒适之物：给予身体轻松和安宁的能力：〔stockpile〕A supply stored for future use, usually carefully accrued and maintained.原料储备：通常精心积攒或保存的供日后所需之物〔long〕To have an earnest, heartfelt desire, especially for something beyond reach.See Synonyms at yearn 渴望：有真挚的、由衷的愿望的，尤指对力不能及之物的渴望 参见 yearn〔enclosure〕Abbr. enc.,encl.Something enclosed:缩写 enc.,encl.附件：附上之物：〔sapremia〕Blood poisoning resulting from the absorption of the products of putrefaction.坏血症：因为吸收了腐败之物而引起的血液脓毒〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔cheese〕from Old Persian *ciš-ciy [something] * see k wo- 源自 古波斯语 *ciš-ciy [实用之物] * 参见 k wo- 〔strange〕 Peculiar particularly describes what is distinct from all others: Peculiar 尤用来描述与所有他物不同之物： 〔howler〕One that howls:呼叫的人或发出号叫之物：〔wave〕To make a signal with an up-and-down or back-and-forth movement of the hand or an object held in the hand:挥手示意：以手或手中所持之物上下或来回摆动示意：〔wrap〕A wrapping or wrapper.包装材料：包装材料或包裹东西之物〔injectant〕A substance injected, as into the skin.注入物：注入物，如注入皮肤之物〔blasphemy〕An irreverent or impious act, attitude, or utterance in regard to something considered inviolable or sacrosanct.亵渎行为：对一些认为神圣或不可侵犯之物的不敬的或亵渎的行为、态度或表达〔tapping〕Something that is taken or drawn by tapping.用轻叩的方式汲或取出之物〔blackmail〕Something of value extorted in this manner.勒索之物：通过此种手段强取的有价值之物〔vapor〕Something insubstantial, worthless, or fleeting.无实质之物：没有实质、没有价值或飞逝的东西〔lend〕To give or allow the use of temporarily on the condition that the same or its equivalent will be returned.借：把某物暂时给别人或允许其使用，条件是必须返还相同或者相当之物〔marker〕One that marks or serves as a mark, as:标志：标记或充当标志之物，如〔luxury〕Something expensive or hard to obtain.精美昂贵的物品：昂贵或难得之物〔referent〕Something that refers, especially a linguistic item in its capacity of referring to a meaning.能指事物：能指称之物，特指有能够指称某种意思的能力的一语言成份〔distance〕A depiction of a point or an area that is far away.描述（远方之物）：对远方的某一点或某一地区的描绘〔pot〕Such a container and its contents:一壶（壶，罐）之物：上述容器及其中所装物：〔war〕A concerted effort or campaign to combat or put an end to something considered injurious:斗争：为与某些被认为是有害之物作战或使其结束而作的齐心协调的努力或斗争：〔that〕In, on, by, or with which:附加说明之物：相当于In，on，by or with which ：〔stone〕Something, such as a hailstone, resembling a stone in shape or hardness.雹：在形状上或硬度上与石头相像之物，如雹块〔clipping〕Something cut off or out, especially an item clipped from a newspaper or magazine.剪贴物，剪报：剪除或剪去之物，尤指报纸或杂志的剪辑〔thorn〕One that causes sharp pain, irritation, or discomfort:刺痛：引起锐痛、刺激或不舒适之物：〔binder〕Something, such as a cord, used to bind.带子：用于捆绑之物，如绳线〔outgo〕Something that goes out, especially an expenditure or a cost.消耗：向外付出之物，尤指花费或支出〔offset〕One thing set off or developed from something else.衍生物：由另一物发展而来之物〔warrant〕Something that provides assurance or confirmation; a guarantee or proof:担保：使人放心或证实某事之物；保证或证明：〔omission〕Something omitted or neglected.被删除或忽略之物〔hybrid〕Something, such as a computer or power plant, having two kinds of components that produce the same or similar results.并合式之物：某物（如计算机或发电厂）有两种组成部分，但其效果相同或相近〔infatuation〕An object of extravagant, short-lived passion.令人痴迷之物：激起强烈而又短暂感情的物体〔furnish〕To equip with what is needed, especially to provide furniture for.装备，摆设：尤指配备家具等所需之物〔famously〕"Frost had famously declared that poetry is what gets lost in translation"(David Lehman)“佛斯特已经众所周知地宣布诗歌正是在转换中消失之物”(戴维·李曼)〔satellite〕Often used to modify another noun:似卫星之物：常用来修饰另一个名词：〔obsolesce〕To undergo the process of becoming obsolete.成为废弃之物：经历成为废物的过程 |
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