| 单词 | 之类的 |
| 释义 | 〔legume〕A pod, such as that of a pea or bean, that splits into two valves with the seeds attached to one edge of the valves.豆荚：豆荚，如豌豆或蚕豆之类的，分成两个裂片，其果实附着在其中一片裂片之上〔crawl〕A set of letters or figures that move across, up, or down a movie or television screen, usually giving information, such as film credits or weather alerts.爬行字幕：在电影或电视屏幕上横向或纵向爬行出现的一组字母或数字，通常用来提供摄制人员名单或天气预报之类的信息〔crawler〕A vehicle, such as a bulldozer, that moves on continuous belts of metal plates.履带式车辆：推土机之类的在延续的金属履带上移动的车辆〔fun〕The use offun as an attributive adjective, as ina fun time, a fun place, most likely originated in a playful reanalysis of the use of the word in sentencessuch asIt is fun to ski, wherefun behaves syntactically like an adjective such as amusing or swell. The usage became popular in the 1950's and 1960's, though there is some evidence to suggest that it has 19th-century antecedents.Certainly the sense of this word makes it particularly susceptible to jocular treatment.But as with other such reanalyses (for example, in the expressiona whole 'nother ), the usage appears to have persisted after the original flavor had been lost.Thus there is no intimation of humorous intent in a press release that announces: fun 作为定语形容词使用， 如一段愉快的时光，一个娱乐场所， 极有可能源于对此词在某些句中用法的玩笑性再分析，如滑雪真好玩 从句法功能来讲， fun 在这里的用法象 amusing 或 swell 之类的形容词。 尽管有证据表明19世纪就出现这种用法了，但开始变得流行却在19世纪50,60年代。当然，此词的这层含义尤令人怀疑对方是否在打趣。但正如其他这类再分析词（例如，在句子a whole 'nother 中一样）， 此用法在最初的含义都失去之后，还一直坚持使用下来。因此当报界发布以下消息时就从中找不出任何滑稽意味了： 〔hanging〕Disposed to inflict severe sentences, such as death by hanging:严刑的：以诸如吊死之类的严刑处置的：〔fantasyland〕the fantasyland of an operetta; television's latest excursion into fantasyland; a fantasyland on the order of Versailles.轻喜剧的场地；电视走入幻化世界；凡尔赛宫之类的神奇宫殿〔chiffon〕Ornamental accessories, such as ribbons or laces, for women's clothing.女服装饰品：妇女服装上丝带或花边之类的装饰性附件〔crate〕To pack into a container, such as a slatted wooden case.装进板条箱之类的容器中〔hanging〕Something, such as a tapestry, that is hung.悬挂物：一些诸如挂毯之类的悬挂物〔contemporary〕Whencontemporary is used in reference to something in the past, its meaning is not always clear.Contemporary critics of Shakespeare may mean critics in his time or critics in our time. When the context does not make the meaning clear,misunderstanding can be avoided by using phrases such ascritics in Shakespeare's time or modern critics. 当comtemporary 被用来指过去的事情时， 它的含义有时是很模糊的。Contemporary critics of Shakespeare 可以表示与莎士比亚同时代的评论家们或者我们当代的评论家们。 如果上下文不能说清楚意思，可以用诸如critics in Shakespeare's time（莎士比亚那个时代的评价家们） 或 modern critics（当代评论家们） 之类的短语以避免产生误解 〔verbal〕Verbal has been used to refer to spoken, as opposed to written, communication by reputable writers since the 16th century, and the usage cannot be considered incorrect.But critics are right to observe that this use ofverbal may sometimes invite confusion with the use meaning "by linguistic means.” Thus the phrasemodern technologies for verbal communication may refer only to devices such as radio, the telephone, and the loudspeaker, or also may refer to devices such as the telegraph, the teletype, and the fax machine.In such contexts the wordoral is always available to convey the narrower sense of communication by spoken means. Verbal 自16世纪以来一直为优秀作家所使用，用来指与书面交流相对的口头交流， 而且不能认为这一用法是不正确的。但是批评家们却正确地评论说verbal 的这一用法有些时候可能会与意指“通过语言的方式”的用法相混淆。 由此modern technologies for verbal communication（用于语言交流的现代技术） 这一短语可能只用于指诸如无线电广播、电话以及扬声器之类的装置， 或者也有可能又指诸如电报机、电传打字机以及传真机之类的装置。在这种情况中，oral 一词总是用来表示用口头方式的狭义上的交流 〔harass〕 Plague refers to the infliction of tribulations, such as worry or vexation,likened to an epidemic disease: Plague 指不断用诸如焦虑和苦恼之类的磨难来折磨某人，就象一种传染病一样： 〔laconic〕As the study of the classics has disappeared from the curriculum,so has the ready understanding that terms such aslaconic once possessed. Laconic, which comes to us via Latin from Greek Lakōnikos, is first recorded in 1583with the sense "of or relating to Laconia or its inhabitants.”Lakōnikos is derived from Lakōn, "a Laconian, a person from Lakedaimon,”the name for the region of Greeceof which Sparta was the capital.The Spartans, noted for being warlike and disciplined, were also known for the brevity of their speech,and it is this quality that English writers still denote by the use of the adjectivelaconic, which is first found in this sense in 1589. 当古典研究从学校的课程中消失的时候，人们对于诸如laconic 之类的曾经黯熟的词汇的本来理解也同时失去。 Laconic 这个词是从希腊文 Lakonikos 经拉丁文流传下来的， 它第一次出现于1583年，意思是“拉哥尼亚的或拉哥尼亚居民的”。Lakonikos 源于 Lakon ， 意为“一个拉哥尼亚人，来自拉栖第梦的人”，它是希腊的一个地区名，斯巴达是其首府。以好战和纪律严明闻名的斯巴达人也同样因为言简意赅而闻名，laconic 这个词从1589年起被发现有言简意赅的意思起直到今天仍然被英国作家用来表示这一意思 〔fulsome〕The wordfulsome is often used, particularly in the expressionfulsome praise, to mean simply "abundant,” without any implication of excess or insincerity.This usage is etymologically justifiedbut may invite misunderstandings in contexts in which a deprecatory interpretation might also be available.The sentenceI offer you my most fulsome apologies may unintentionally raise an eyebrow, where the use of an adjective likefull or abundant would leave no room for doubt as to the sincerity of the speaker's intentions.单词fulsome 经常使用， 尤其在表达溢美之辞 时， 只表“丰富”而没有“过分或虚伪”的意思。根据词源学判断此用法是有道理的，但却会在一些场合得到贬义的解释而引起误会。如我对你抱歉到家了 ，这句话会无意中使对方皱起眉头， 若是此处用full 或 abundant 之类的形容词， 就不会使听者对于说话者诚挚道歉的意图产生怀疑了〔scavenger〕An animal, such as a bird or an insect, that feeds on dead or decaying matter.食腐动物：一种以死亡或腐烂物为食的如鸟或昆虫之类的动物〔cruel〕Inhuman means markedly deficient in those qualities such as kindness and sympathy that are proper to a human being: Inhuman 的意思是明显缺乏适宜于人类的诸如仁慈和同情之类的那些素质的： 〔cahier〕A report, especially one concerning the policy or proceedings of a parliamentary group.会议记录之类的报告：报告，尤指涉及到议会团体的政策和进程的报告〔chock〕A block or wedge placed under something else, such as a wheel, to keep it from moving.塞块：一块被放在别的如车轮之类的东西底下以防止它移动的木料或楔子〔crater〕A bowl-shaped depression in a surface made by an explosion or the impact of a body, such as a meteoroid.碗状凹陷：由于爆炸或流星之类的物体的碰撞而在地表形成的碗状凹陷处〔abolish〕Extinguish means to put out a flame or something likened to a flame: Extinguish 指扑灭诸如火之类的事物： 〔mechanize〕To equip (a military unit) with motor vehicles, such as tanks and trucks.使（军队）机械化：用诸如坦克和卡车之类的机动车来装备（一军事单位）〔merino〕A fine wool and cotton yarn used especially for knitting underwear and hosiery.麦利诺精纺线：一种优质毛线或棉线，尤指用来纺织内衣裤及袜子之类的物品〔entremets〕A side dish, such as a relish or dessert, served in addition to the principal course.附加菜：在正菜之外，如拼盘、甜点之类的附加菜〔lepidopterous〕Of or belonging to the order Lepidoptera, which includes insects such as the butterflies and moths.鳞翅目的：鳞翅目的或属于鳞翅目的，该目包括蝴蝶和飞蛾之类的昆虫〔chordate〕Any of numerous animals belonging to the phylum Chordata, having at some stage of development a dorsal nerve cord, a notochord, and gill slits and including all vertebrates and certain marine animals, such as the lancelets.脊索动物：包括所有的脊椎动物以及如文昌鱼之类的海洋动物的脊索动物门的大量动物中的任一个，在某些生长阶段有背部神经索、背索及鳃裂〔hyphenated〕Naturalized immigrants to the United States and their descendants have sometimes been termedhyphenated Americans in reference to the tendency to hyphenate such ethnic compounds as Irish-American and Polish-American. This term has come under strong criticism as suggesting that those so designated are not as fully American as "unhyphenated" citizens, and it is best avoided in all but historical contexts. 归化美国的移民及其后代子孙有时会以hyphenated Americans 的措词称呼，这与使用连字号的趋势有关，例如像 Irish-American（爱尔兰裔美国人） 和 Polish-American（波兰裔美国人） 之类的种族复合字。这种词汇遭到许多批评，指出这些被指定的名称似乎并不如"unhyphenated（未用连字号）”的公民一般为完全的美国人，也因此应尽量避免于历史文章之外使用此类字 〔legging〕A leg covering usually extending from the ankle to the knee and often made of material such as leather or canvas, worn especially by soldiers and workers.绑腿，护腿：一种腿部的覆盖物，通常从踝关节延展至膝盖处，常用皮革或帆布之类的材料制成，尤指士兵或工人使用的〔ought〕Although the omission ofto was formerly possible in English, it is now considered nonstandard. ·Usages such asHe hadn't ought to come and She shouldn't ought to say that are common in many varieties of American English. They should be avoided in written English,however, in favor of the more standard variantought not to. 尽管以前在英语里省略to 是可能的， 但现在这样做就会被认为不标准。例如他不会来 和 她不该说 之类的用法在各种美式英语中很普遍。 但在书面英语中应避免这样使用，而应使用更标准的变体ought not to 〔solvation〕Any of a class of chemical reactions, such as the formation of hydrated copper sulfate in aqueous solution, in which solute and solvent molecules combine with relatively weak covalent bonds.溶剂化：一种象水状溶液中含水硫酸铜的形成之类的化学反应，在这种反应中，溶液和溶剂分子通过相对较弱的共价键联结起来〔diverticulum〕A pouch or sac branching out from a hollow organ or structure, such as the intestine.憩室，支囊，膨部：从肠之类的中空器官或结构上分支出来的袋或囊〔like〕saved things like old newspapers and pieces of string.收集起来的如旧报纸和绳子之类的东西〔rattle〕A device, such as a baby's toy, that produces short percussive sounds.嘎嘎响的玩具，拔浪鼓：像儿童玩具之类的发出短促敲击声音的器具〔electrochromic〕Of or relating to a substance that changes color or transparency when subjected to charged electrodes, as in the liquid crystal display of many calculators.电致变色的：如计算机液晶显示器之类的，接上充电的电极就会改变颜色或变成透明的物质的或其相关的 |
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