| 单词 | 乞丐 |
| 释义 | 〔skell〕A homeless person who lives as a derelict.乞丐：无家可归，过着乞丐般生活的人〔harlot〕Harlot is first recorded in English in a work written around the beginning of the 13th century, meaning "a man of no fixed occupation, vagabond, beggar,” also the first main sense of the word herlot, which we borrowed from Old French. The recorded history of a word is sometimes all we need to scotch conjectures as to its ultimate origins. William Lambarde, in a 1570-1576 work, suggested that the word harlot came from the name of Arletta, or "Harlothe,” William the Conqueror's mother. As we have seen, Lambarde was unnecessarily besmirching her, for the history of harlot makes clear that "prostitute" was not its first sense. In fact, the word came to mean "male lecher" before it meant "prostitute,” but by the time Lambarde wrote, "prostitute" must have been thought to have been the main sense of the word, hence his etymology. Harlot 在英语中首次出现于某部创作于约13世纪初的作品中，意指“没有固定职业的人，流浪者，乞丐，”这也是 herlot 一词由古法语转借而来的第一个主要意思。单词的历史记载通常可供我们推测该词的最初渊源，威廉·兰巴德在他于1570年到1576年间创作的作品中指出： harlot 一词来自于英王威廉一世的母亲阿莉塔或“哈洛特”的名字，我们知道，兰巴德并无需玷污英王母亲的名誉，因为 harlot 一词的历史很明白地表明“妓女”之意并非该词的第一个意思，实际上，该词在意为“妓女”之前所具备的意思是“好色的男人”，但在兰巴德创作之时，“妓女”一定已经被认为是该词的主要意思，这便是它的词源 〔dervish〕Turkish derviş [mendicant] 土耳其语 derviş [乞丐] 〔bum〕To live by begging and scavenging from place to place. Often used witharound. 乞丐，流浪者：靠从一地到另一地的乞讨和拣拾垃圾为生，常与around 连用 〔truant〕Middle English [beggar] 中古英语 [乞丐] 〔guise〕huddled on the street in the guise of beggars.装扮成乞丐挤在街道上〔beggarly〕Of, relating to, or befitting a beggar; very poor:乞丐般的：乞丐的、与乞丐相关的或适合于乞丐的；非常贫穷的：〔handicapped〕Althoughhandicapped is widely used in both law and everyday speech to refer to people having physical or mental disabilities, those described by the word tend to prefer the expressionsdisabled or people with disabilities. To say that people arehandicapped may imply that they cannot function on a par with others, while to say that they have adisability allows more readily for the possibility that they can so function, in spite of having to do some things in different ways.It is also felt that some stigma may attach to the wordhandicapped on account of its origin in the phrase hand in cap, actually derived from a game of chancebut sometimes mistakenly believed to involve the image of a beggar.The wordhandicapped is best reserved to describe a disabled person who is unable to function owing to some property of the environment. Thus people with a physical disability requiring a wheelchair may or may not behandicapped, depending on whether wheelchair ramps are made available to them. 尽管在法律上和在日常用语里handicapped 这个词被广泛使用以言指那些有生理缺陷的，智力低下的人， 那些被这个词描绘的人们更喜欢disabled 或 people with disabilities 这两种说法。 说人们是handicapped 可能暗示他们不可能象别的人那样水平的工作， 而当说他们只是disability 时，为他们能够如此工作提供了更大的可能性和余地， 尽管他们是用不同的方式去做同样的事情。一些附着于handicapped 这个词的一些特点是因为这个词来源于 hand in cap 这个短语， 它实际上起源于比赛中的机会，但有时被人误会加入了乞丐的形象。单词handicapped 这个词用来形容那些由于某些客观环境问题而无法工作的人是最好的了， 因此生理有缺陷的而需要轮椅的人，是否是handicapped 要看为他们准备的轮椅的坡道是否可以使用 〔schnorrer〕Yiddish shnorer [beggar, sponger] 意第绪语 shnorer [乞丐，诈骗者] 〔sannyasi〕A wandering mendicant and ascetic.流浪的乞丐和苦行者〔beggary〕The state or condition of being a beggar.行乞，乞丐生涯：当乞丐的状态或状况〔cant〕Whining speech, such as that used by beggars.哀诉声：哀诉声，如乞丐常用〔touch〕a generous person, a soft touch for beggars.一个慷慨的人，是对乞丐怜悯的施舍者〔lazar〕from Late Latin Lazarus [Lazarus, the beggar full of sores in a New Testament parable (Luke 16:20)] 源自 后期拉丁语 Lazarus [拉撒路，在新约圣经的寓言中是一个满身长疥的乞丐（《路加福音》16：20）] 〔flimsy〕The origin offlimsy, although uncertain, is not completely obscure.The word is first recorded in English in the 17th century in a dictionary of cant, the jargon of people such as thieves and beggars.Its early senses "frail" and "trivial"as well as its form may link it withflim-flam, recorded first around 1538.The nounflim-flam could mean "a piece of nonsense or idle talk,” and the adjective could mean "frivolous.” Flim-flam itself is a reduplication in which the patternfl—m occurs twice, the first time with the sound (ĭ);the second, with the sound (ă). Flim may be related to the Old Norse wordflim, meaning "a lampoon, libel.”Flimsy 的词源虽然不确定， 但并不是完全不清楚。这个单词在17世纪首次用英语记载于一本行话字典里，即记载如小偷和乞丐等人所使用的隐语的字典。它最初的意思是“脆弱的”和“轻微的”，其形式可能与flim-flam 有联系， 首次记载大约是在1538年。Flim-flam 作名词时意思为“一句无意义的或无聊的话，” 作形容词时可当作“琐屑的，无意义的”讲。 Flim-flam 本身是一个重叠词，fl-m 这样形式出现两次， 第一次是与语音（i）组合；第二次是与语音（a）组合。 Flim 可能与古斯堪的纳维亚语flim 有关， 其意思为“讽刺，诽谤”〔schnorrer〕from Middle High German snurren [to hum, whir (from the sound of the musical instrument played by beggars)] 源自 中古高地德语 snurren [哼哼，呼呼声（来自乞丐演奏乐器时的声音）] 〔rogue〕A wandering beggar; a vagrant.流浪汉：流浪的乞丐；无业游民〔Barmecidal〕After Barmecide , a nobleman in The Arabian Nights, who served an imaginary feast to a beggar 源自 Barmecide ， 一千零一夜 中的一个王子，请乞丐吃了一顿想象中的宴席 〔beggar〕One who solicits alms for a living.乞丐：为了生活乞求救济品的人〔Mahfouz〕Egyptian writer whose works include the novelsAutumn Quail (1962) and The Beggar (1965). He won the 1988 Nobel Prize for literature. 马福兹，纳吉布：(生于 1911) 埃及作家，其作品包括小说《秋日的鹌鹑》 （1962年）和 《乞丐》 （1965年）。他曾获1988年诺贝尔文学奖 〔beggary〕Beggars considered as a group.乞丐们：被认作一组的乞丐〔Gay〕English writer known especially for his playThe Beggar's Opera (1728). 盖伊，约翰：(1685-1732) 英国剧作家，尤其因其剧作《乞丐的歌剧》 （1728年）而闻名 |
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