| 单词 | 争执 |
| 释义 | 〔arbitrator〕A person chosen to settle the issue between parties engaged in a dispute.See Synonyms at judge 仲裁人：选定的解决参与争执双方间事务的人 参见 judge〔iconoclast〕An iconoclast can be unpleasant company,but at least the modern iconoclast only attacks such things as ideas and institutions.The original iconoclasts destroyed countless works of art.Eikonoklastēs, the ancestor of our word, was first formed in Medieval Greek from the elements eikōn, "image, likeness,” and -klastēs, "breaker,” fromklan, "to break.” The images referred to by the word are religious images,which were the subject of controversy among Christians of the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries, when iconoclasm was at its height.Those who opposed images did not, of course, simply destroy them, although many were demolished;they also attempted to have the images barred from display and veneration.During the Protestant Reformationimages in churches were again felt to be idolatrous and were once more banned and destroyed.It is around this time thaticonoclast, the descendant of the Greek word, is first recorded in English (1641), with reference to the Greek iconoclasts.In the 19th centuryiconoclast took on the secular sense that it has today, as in "Kant was the great iconoclast" (James Martineau).亵渎偶像者可能令人生厌，但至少现代的偶像毁坏者只是攻击思想和制度这类东西。最初的偶像破坏者却毁掉了无数的艺术作品。Eikonoklastes 最早见于中世纪希腊语，是我们现代词的前身，由 eikon 意为“图象，相象”和 -klastes 意为“毁坏者”组成， 它又来源于klan “打碎”的意思。 此词所说的肖像是指宗教的肖像，8至9世纪当毁坏偶像主义在拜占庭帝国盛行时，宗教偶像成为基督教徒中争执的焦点。反对宗教肖像的人尽管销毁了不少画像，但这并不是他们唯一的形式，他们也试图禁止偶像展览和偶像崇拜。在新教改革时期，教堂里的宗教画像再次被认为是盲目崇拜而遭到禁止和毁灭。正是在这一时期iconoclast 一词开始作为希腊语的衍生词在英语中出现， 第一次记录于1641年。到19世纪，iconoclast 一词开始有了现代的含意， 比如在“康德是一位伟大的传统叛逆者”（詹姆士·马提诺）〔part〕To side with in a disagreement; support.支持：在争执中站在…一方；支持〔Tacna〕A town of southern Peru north of Arica, Chile. The object of a long-standing dispute between Peru and Chile, it became part of Peru in 1929. Population, 97,173.塔卡纳：秘鲁南部一城镇，位于智利阿利卡以北。该镇长期以来是秘鲁和智利两国间争执的目标，1929年它成为秘鲁的一部分。人口97,173〔odds〕In disagreement; in conflict:争执：不同意；意见冲突：〔reargue〕To argue again or repeatedly.重复，争执：再一次地或重复性地争执〔inexorable〕exōrābilis [pliant] from exōrāre [to prevail upon] ex- [intensive pref] * see ex- ōrāre [to argue] exōrābilis [易曲的] 源自 exōrāre [劝导] ex- [强调性前缀] * 参见 ex- ōrāre [争执] 〔part〕To disagree by factions:内哄：派系间的争执：〔imbroglio〕A confused or complicated disagreement.纠缠不清：一个混乱的或复杂的争执〔tiff〕A fit of irritation.争执，生气：一阵暴怒〔issue〕A point or matter of discussion, debate, or dispute:争议，辩论：争议、争论、争执的要点或事件：〔misunderstanding〕A disagreement or quarrel.争执：不一致或争吵〔side〕To align oneself in a disagreement:支持：在争执中使自己加盟一方：〔argument〕A dispute arose among union members about the terms of the new contract.工会会员们在新合同的条款方面产生争执。〔tilt〕A tendency to favor one side in a dispute:偏向：在争执中倾向一方的趋势：〔fray〕A heated dispute or contest.激烈争执或辩论〔estrange〕Political disagreements led to quarrels that finally estranged the two friends.政治上的不同观点使两个朋友争执，最后终于导致破裂；〔spar〕To bandy words about in argument; dispute.在辩论中争执言辞；争辩〔arbitration〕The process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or group appointed by mutual consent or statutory provision.仲裁，公断：争执双方将分歧诉诸双方共同认可或条例规定的公正的个人或组织的过程〔Philistine〕It has never been good to be a Philistine.Samson, Saul, and David in the Bible helped bring the Philistines into prominence because they were such prominent opponents.Even though the Philistines have long since disappeared,their name has lived on in the Old Testament.The English name for them,Philistines, which goes back through Late Latin and Greek to Hebrew, is first found in Middle English,wherePhilistiens, the ancestor of our word, is recorded in a work composed before 1325. Beginning in the 17th centuryphilistine was used as a common noun usually in the plural to refer to various groups considered the enemy,such as literary critics.In Germany in the same centuryit is said that in a memorial at Jena for a student who had been killed in a town-gown quarrel,the minister preached a sermon from the text "Philister über dir Simson! [The Philistines be upon thee, Samson!],”the words of Delilah to Samson after she attempted to render him powerless before his Philistine enemies.From this usage it is said that German students came to usePhilister, the German equivalent of Philistine, to denote nonstudents and hence uncultured or materialistic people.Both usages were picked up in English in the early 19th century.做非利士人从来没有好处。《圣经》中的参孙、索尔和大卫使非利士人出名是因为他们是很优秀的对手。尽管非利士人已消失很久了，他们的名字却仍存在于《旧约》当中。他们的英文名称Philistines 可由晚期拉丁语和希腊语追溯到希伯来语， 是在中世纪英语中首先发现的，其中我们所用词的前身Philistines 记载在一部1325年前的著作中。 17世纪以来，Philistine 被用作普通名词并且常以复数形式出现， 意指被认为是敌人的各种团体，如文学批评家。在同一世纪的德国，据说在耶拿举行的纪念一名在市民和大学生争执中被杀的学生的纪念会上，牧师从“［非利士人比你强，参孙!］”中选取了一段做布道，就是迪莱勒在试图使参孙在他的非利士手面前变得软弱无力后说的那些话。这段话的用法中可见德国学生开始使用philister 作为 philistine 的德语替代语， 意指不是学生因此也就是没有文化以及不务实的人。这两种用法在19世纪早期的英语中均能找到〔squabble〕A noisy quarrel, usually about a trivial matter.争吵：常指由琐事而引发的吵闹和争执〔difficulty〕A disagreement or dispute.异议：意见不和或争执〔involve〕involved the bystanders in his dispute with the police.把旁观者牵扯进他与警察的争执 |
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