| 单词 | 二世 |
| 释义 | 〔Stuart〕Pretender to the British throne. The grandson of James II, he led the last Jacobite rising (1745-1746), claiming the throne for his father, James Edward Stuart, but was defeated in battle and fled to France.斯图亚特，查尔斯·爱德华：(1720-1788) 英国王位的觊觎者为詹姆士二世的孙子，领导雅各宾派的最后起义(1745-1746年），要求继承他父亲詹姆士·爱德华·斯图亚特的王位，但在战斗中失败后逃往法国〔Douai〕A town of northern France northeast of Amiens. Under the patronage of Philip II of Spain a Roman Catholic college for English priests was established here and produced the first English translation of the Old Testament in the early 1600's. Population, 42,576.杜埃：法国北部亚眠城东北一小镇。在西班牙菲利浦二世的资助下这里为英国神父建起了天主教大学，17世纪早期译出了第一本英文版《旧约全书》。人口42,576〔Shakespeare〕English playwright and poet whose body of works is considered the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theatre in London, include historical works, such asRichard II, comedies, including Much Ado about Nothing and As You Like It, and tragedies, such as Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. He also composed 154 sonnets. The earliest collected edition of his plays, the First Folio, contained 36 plays and was published posthumously (1623). 莎士比亚，威廉：(1564-1616) 英国戏剧家和诗人，他的作品被认为是英语文学作品中最伟大的戏剧，其中大多在伦敦的全球戏院演出过，包括历史作品，例如《理查德二世》 ；喜剧包括 《无事自扰》 和 《如愿》 ；悲剧包括 《哈姆雷特》 、 《奥赛罗》 和 《李尔王》 。他还作过154首十四行诗。他最早的戏剧集子，第一对开本，包含了36个戏剧，并在他死后出版(1623年） 〔Prussia〕A historical region and former kingdom of north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and Poland. Its ancient inhabitants, of Baltic stock, were conquered by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century. West Prussia was ceded to Poland in 1466, and East Prussia became a Polish fief that passed to Brandenburg in 1618. The kingdom of Prussia was proclaimed in 1701 and was greatly expanded and fortified by Emperor Frederick II (reigned 1740-1786). Prussia was instrumental in the unification of Germany, and in 1871 its king was declared Emperor William I of Germany. The state became a republic in 1918 and was formally abolished after World War II.普鲁士：历史上欧洲中北部的一个地区和以前的一个王国，包括现在的德国北部和波兰，该地区古代的波罗的族居民在13世纪被条顿骑士团所征服，1466年西普鲁士并入波兰，东普鲁士成为波兰的一个附庸，后在1618年归属勃兰登堡，普鲁士王国于1701年正式成立，弗雷德里克二世皇帝(1740年-1786年）大大扩展和巩固了普鲁士帝国。普鲁士在德国统一中起了重要作用，1871年普鲁士国王成为德国皇帝威廉一世，1918年该国成为共和国，二次世界大战后被正式废除〔Charles〕The eldest son of Elizabeth II and heir to the British throne. He was invested as Prince of Wales in 1969.查尔斯：伊丽莎白二世长子和英国王位的继承人。1969年被确立为威尔士亲王〔Babylon〕The capital of ancient Babylonia in Mesopotamia on the Euphrates River. Established as capital c. 1750b.c. and rebuilt in regal splendor by Nebuchadnezzar II after its destruction (c. 689 b.c. ) by the Assyrians, Babylon was the site of the Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. 巴比伦：古巴比伦王国的首都，位于幼发拉底河沿岸的美索不达米亚境内，作为首都大约建于公元前 1750年，在它被亚述人毁灭后（ 公元前 689年），它又被尼布甲尼撒二世重建于王室显赫之时，巴比伦是世界七大奇观之一的空中花园所在地 〔Collier〕English clergyman who refused to take an oath of allegiance to William and Mary and was imprisoned for his Jacobite sympathies (1692). He was outlawed in 1696 for granting absolution to would-be assassins of William who were about to be executed.柯里尔，杰里米：(1650-1726) 英国教士，由于拒绝向威廉和玛丽宣誓效忠及同情詹姆斯二世而被囚（1692年）。1696年由于赦免即将被处决的图谋行刺威廉的刺客而被剥夺公民权〔Philip〕Husband of Elizabeth II of Great Britain. The great-great-grandson of Victoria, he was given the title Prince in 1957.菲利普：大不列颠伊丽莎白二世的丈夫，维多利亚女王的曾孙，1957年，被给与亲王的封号〔Zedekiah〕The last king of Judah (597-586b.c. ). He revolted unsuccessfully (588-586) against Nebuchadnezzar II and was sent to captivity in Babylon, where he died. 泽德基亚：犹大最后一个国王(公元前 597-586年），他抵抗尼布甲尼撒二世失败后（公元前588-586年），被囚禁在巴比伦，最后也死在这里 〔Sardinia〕An island of Italy in the Mediterranean Sea south of Corsica. Settled by Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians before the sixth centuryb.c. , the island was taken by Rome in 238 b.c. and later fell to the Vandals (fifth century a.d. ) and the Byzantines (early sixth century). Numerous European powers controlled the island before 1720, when it passed to the House of Savoy and became the nucleus of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia became the first king of Italy in 1861. 撒丁尼亚：意大利地中海中的一个岛屿，位于科西嘉岛南面。在公元前 6世纪前由腓尼基人、希腊人和迦太基人居住，该岛于 公元前 238年被罗马人占领，然后又分别被汪达尔人( 公元 5世纪）和拜占庭人(6世纪早期）占领该岛，于1720年归入萨瓦王朝统治下，成为撒丁王国的中心，在此以前该岛曾被许多欧洲力量控制过。维克多·伊曼纽尔二世（撒丁王国国王）于1861年成为意大利第一位国王 〔Lely〕Dutch painter in England. He was principal painter to Charles II.莱利，彼得：(1618-1680) 旅居英国的荷兰画家。他曾是查尔斯二世的主要画师〔Adwa〕A town of northern Ethiopia south of Asmara. Emperor Menelik II decisively defeated the Italians here in 1896 to secure recognition of Ethiopia's independence. Population, 21,107.埃德华：埃塞俄比亚北部一城镇，位于阿斯马拉的南部，1896年迈拿里克皇帝二世在此决定性地击败了意大利人，从而保障了对埃塞俄比亚独立的承认。人口21,107〔Bayard〕French military hero known for his fearlessness and chivalry in the Italian campaigns of Charles VII, Louis XII, and Francis I. He was called"le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche.” 拜亚尔：法国的战斗英雄，以其大无畏和骑士精神而闻名于世，他在查尔斯七世、路易斯十二世、弗朗西斯一世的意大利战役中充分体现了他的无所畏惧。他被称作"le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche" 〔Carlos〕Spanish pretender to the throne who claimed the title (1833) when his brother Ferdinand VII's daughter Isabella II inherited the crown because of Ferdinand's abrogation (1830) of the ancient Salic law prohibiting women from succeeding to the throne. Don Carlos waged an unsuccessful civil war until 1840. His claim was later revived by his heirs in 1860, 1869, and 1872.卡洛斯：西班牙觊觎王位者。当他的哥哥斐迪南七世的女儿伊莎贝拉二世承袭王位时，卡洛斯要求称王（1833年）。因为斐迪南废除了古代的萨利法典（1830年），该法典禁止妇女承袭王位。唐·卡洛斯发动了一场未成功的内战，直至1840年。他的称王要求后来被他的继承人在1860，1869和1872年再次提出〔Churchill〕English general and statesman during the reigns of James II, Anne, and George I. He is considered among history's greatest military commanders.丘吉尔，约翰：(1650-1722) 詹姆斯二世、安妮和乔治一世统治时期的英国将军和政治家。他被认为是历史上最伟大的军事指挥官之一〔Yekaterinburg〕A city of west-central Russia in the eastern foothills of the Ural Mountains. Nicholas II and his family were executed here (1918) after the Russian Revolution. Population, 1,256,600耶卡特林堡：俄罗斯中西部城市，位于乌拉山麓东部。俄国革命后尼古拉斯二世及其家人在此被处决（1918年）。人口1,256,600〔Romanov〕Russian ruling dynasty (1613-1917) that began with the accession of Czar Michael (1596-1645; ruled 1613-1645) and ended with the abdication of Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution.罗曼诺夫王朝：俄国的一个始于米哈伊尔沙皇(1596-1645；1613-1645在位）即位并终结于俄国革命时期尼古拉二世退位的统治王朝(1613-1917年）〔Nisei〕A person born in America of parents who emigrated from Japan.二世：父母从日本移民其美国，出生于美国的人〔Stuart〕Pretender to the British throne. The son of James II, he made two unsuccessful attempts to take the throne (1708-1715). The final Jacobite rising (1745-1746), also a failure, was conducted on his behalf by his son Charles Edward Stuart.斯图亚特，詹姆斯（弗朗西斯）·爱德华：(1688-1766) 英国王位的觊觎者詹姆士二世之子，他企图二次攫取王位未获成功(1708-1715年）。最后代表他儿子查尔斯·爱德华·斯图亚特策划的雅各宾派的最后一次起义(1745-1746年）也以失败告终〔Rasputin〕Russian starets whose magnetic personality and relative success in the treatment of the czarevich's hemophilia gained him favor in the court of Nicholas II. He was assassinated by noblemen who feared that his licentious manner and ignorance would undermine the monarchy.拉斯普廷，格里高利·埃费默维奇：(1872?-1916) 俄国农民医生，其迷人的性格以及为沙皇王子医好了血友病使其在尼古拉二世宫中大受宠爱。由于其行为淫荡，缺乏知识，王公贵族们因怕他毁了王室而暗杀了他〔Samaria〕An ancient city of central Palestine in present-day northwest Jordan. It was founded in the ninth centuryb.c. as the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel, also known as Samaria. Conquered by Sargon II in 721, it was destroyed in the second century and rebuilt by Herod the Great. According to tradition, Saint John the Baptist is buried here. 撒玛利亚：巴勒斯坦中部一古城，位于现今约旦的西北部，该城作为以色列北部王国的首都建于公元前 9世纪，又称 撒玛里亚 ，于721年被二世征服，2世纪时被希律一世大帝推毁并重建，据传说施洗者圣约翰埋葬于此 〔Alexandra〕Last czarina of Russia (1894-1917). The wife of Nicholas II, she was influenced by Rasputin and meddled in politics. After the Bolshevik revolution, she and her family were imprisoned and executed.亚历山德拉：俄罗斯末代沙皇之妻（1894-1917年）。作为尼古拉二世的妻子，她受到了拉斯普廷的影响并参与了政治活动。布尔什维克革命后与其家人一同被捕入狱，后被处死〔Savoy〕A historical region and former duchy of southeast France, western Switzerland, and northwest Italy. The region changed hands many times after its conquest by Julius Caesar and became a duchy in the early 15th century. In 1720 the duke of Savoy gained the title king of Sardinia, and in 1861 the Savoyard Victor Emmanuel II ascended the throne of the newly formed kingdom of Italy. Much of the original territory was ceded to France at the same time.萨伏伊：历史上的地区名，是法国东南、瑞士西部和意大利西北部以前的一个公国。此地在为裘力斯·凯撒征服以后几次易手，并在15世纪早期成为公国，1720年萨伏伊大公取得撒丁尼亚尼亚国王的头衔，1861年萨伏伊征服者伊曼纽尔二世登上新成立的意大利王国皇座，同时原萨伏伊的大部地区割让给了法国〔Cyrus〕Persian prince who led a mammoth force of Greeks against his brother Artaxerxes II. The retreat that followed his defeat and death are described in Xenophon'sAnabasis. 小居鲁士：波斯王子，曾领导希腊庞大的军队进攻其兄阿尔塔薛西斯二世。在色诺芬尼所著的《远征记》 中描述了其战败和死亡之后的撤退 〔Potemkin〕Russian army officer and politician. The lover of Catherine II, he helped her seize power in 1762.波特金，格里高利·亚历山德罗维奇：(1739-1791) 俄国军官及政治家，凯萨琳二世的情人，他帮她于1762年夺取俄国政权〔Sedgemoor〕A marshy tract in southwest England where the forces of James II defeated the Duke of Monmouth (June 6, 1685).塞吉木尔：英国西南部的一大片沼泽地，詹姆士二世的军队曾在此击败了蒙默斯公爵(1685年6月6日）〔Sverdlovsk〕A city of eastern European U.S.S.R. in the eastern foothills of the Ural Mountains. Nicholas II and his family may have been executed here (1918) after the Russian Revolution. Population, 1,300,000.斯维尔德洛夫斯克：苏联欧洲部分东部一城市，位于乌拉尔山脉东部山麓。俄国革命后尼古拉二世及其全家可能在此被处决(1918年）。人口1,300,000〔Graham〕Scottish Jacobite leader and long-time persecutor of the Covenanters, whom he defeated in a bloody battle in which he was mortally wounded (1689).格雷厄姆，约翰：(1649?-1689) 苏格兰詹姆斯二世党人的领袖和国民誓约派成员的长期迫害者，在一场其受到致命伤的血战中击败了国民誓约派（1689年）〔Senlac〕A hill in southern England near Hastings. The battle fought here in 1066, in which William the Conqueror defeated Harold II, is known as the Battle of Hastings.森拉克：英格兰南部靠近哈斯丁斯的一座小山，1066年在这里的一场战役中，征服者威廉击败了哈罗德二世，这便是有名的哈斯丁斯战役〔Krasnodar〕A city of southern European U.S.S.R. in the northern Caucasus south of Rostov. Founded by Cossacks on orders from Catherine II in 1794, it is now an industrial center. Population, 609,000.克拉斯诺达尔：苏联南欧部分一城市，位于高加索北部、罗斯托夫以南。1794年，由哥萨克人按照凯瑟琳二世的命令修建，现在是一个工业中心。人口609,000〔Azeglio〕Italian politician and writer who headed the government under Victor Emmanuel II and later served as a diplomat to France and England.阿泽利奥：意大利政治家和作家，在维克多·埃马努埃尔二世王朝领导政府，后成为法国和英国的外交官〔Jacobite〕A supporter of James II of England or of the Stuart pretenders after 1688.英王詹姆斯二世的拥护者，1688年后斯图尔特王朝的拥护者〔Carchemish〕An ancient Hittite and Assyrian city on the Euphrates River in present-day southern Turkey. Nebuchadnezzar II defeated the Egyptians here in 605b.c. 卡尔基米什：古赫梯族人和亚述人的城市，位于今天土耳其南部的幼发拉底河上。尼布甲尼撒二世曾于公元前 605年在此打败埃及人 〔Cavour〕Italian political leader who was premier of Sardinia (1852-1859 and 1860-1861) and assisted in the unification of Italy under Victor Emmanuel II, the king of Sardinia.凯沃尔，卡米罗·本索·迪：(1810-1861) 意大利政治领袖，曾任撒丁尼亚总理（1852-1859和1860-1861年）。并辅佐撒丁尼国王维克多·伊纽尔二世统一意大利〔Godolphin〕English politician and financier who served as treasurer for Charles II, James II, William III, and Anne.戈尔多芬，锡德尼：(1645-1712) 英国政治家，金融家，做过查理二世，詹姆斯二世、威廉三世和安女王的财政大臣〔Hatshepsut〕Queen of Egypt (1503-1482) who on the death of her husband, Thutmose II (c. 1504), became regent for her son Thutmose III. She bestowed the title of pharaoh on herself and adopted all the pharaonic customs, including the wearing of a false beard.哈特谢普苏特：埃及王后（公元前1503-1482年），她在丈夫图特摩斯二世死后（公元前1540年）成为儿子图特摩斯三世的摄政者，她授予自己法老的头衔并采用所有的法老的风俗，包括戴假胡子等〔Mortimer〕Welsh rebel and lover of Edward II's wife, Isabella (1292-1358), with whom he raised an army to invade England from France (1326). They deposed Edward (1327) and ruled until 1330, when Edward III seized power and Mortimer was condemned to death by Parliament.摩蒂马，罗杰·德：(1287-1330) 威尔士反叛者和爱德华二世王后伊莎贝拉（1292-1358年）的情夫，两人一起募军从法国侵略英格兰（1326年）。他们把爱德华赶下台（1327年）并且一直统治到1330年，当爱德华三世重获王位后，摩蒂马被议院判处死刑〔Belshazzar〕Son of Nebuchadnezzar II and last king of Babylon, who in the Old Testament was warned of his doom by handwriting on the wall that was interpreted by Daniel.贝尔莎撒：尼布甲尼撒二世之子，巴比伦最后一位国王，在旧约中，丹尼尔所破译的墙上文字预示了他的死亡〔Espartero〕Spanish general and politician who defeated the Carlists (1836-1839) and served as regent (1841-1843) during the minority of Isabella II.埃斯帕特罗，巴尔多梅洛：(1793?-1879) 西班牙将领、政治家，曾于1836年至1839年打败了卡洛斯派，在伊莎贝拉二世统治时任摄政王（1841-1843年）〔Zaire〕A country of central Africa astride the equator. Inhabited since ancient times, the region came under the control of Leopold II of Belgium in the late 1870's and was annexed outright in 1908. Full independence was achieved in 1960. Kinshasa is the capital and the largest city. Population, 29,671,407.扎伊尔，刚果自由邦：非洲中部一横跨赤道的国家。从远古时代就有人在这定居，19世纪70年代后期受控于比利时的利奥波德二世，1908年被完全吞并。1960年获得了彻底独立。金沙萨是其首都和最大的城市。人口29,671,407 |
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