| 单词 | 亚原子 |
| 释义 | 〔magneton〕A unit of the magnetic moment of a molecular, atomic, or subatomic particle, especially:磁子：分子、原子或者亚原子粒子磁矩的单位，尤指〔spin〕The intrinsic angular momentum of a subatomic particle. Also called spin angular momentum 转动惯量：亚原子粒子的自旋角动量 也作 spin angular momentum〔multiplet〕Any of several classes or groupings of subatomic particles, such as the nucleon, that are similar in most properties but different in electric charge.多重态：亚原子粒子（如核子）的任何一类或一组，这种粒子大部分性质相似而电荷不同〔Fitch〕American physicist. He shared a 1980 Nobel Prize for work concerning the assymetry of subatomic particles.费奇，瓦勒L.：(生于 1923) 美国物理学家，因在亚原子粒子方面的研究而获1980年诺贝尔奖〔Ting〕American physicist. He shared a 1976 Nobel Prize for discovering a subatomic particle.丁，塞缪尔·肇中：(生于 1936) 美国物理学家。他因发现了一种亚原子粒子而与人分享1976年诺贝尔奖〔tachyon〕A hypothetical subatomic particle that travels faster than the speed of light.超光速粒子：一种假想的速度高于光速的亚原子粒子〔Rubbia〕Italian physicist. He shared a 1984 Nobel Prize for the discovery of three subatomic particles.鲁比区，卡罗：(生于 1934) 意大利物理学家。因发现三种亚原子粒子而获得1984年诺贝尔奖〔subatomic〕Having dimensions or participating in reactions characteristic of the constituents of the atom.亚原子的：具有亚原子结构之尺寸的，参与亚原子结构之反应的〔neutrino〕Any of three electrically neutral subatomic particles in the lepton family. See table at subatomic particle 中微子：轻子家族中三种电中性亚原子粒子中的任何一种 参见 subatomic particle〔luminescence〕The emission of light that does not derive energy from the temperature of the emitting body, as in phosphorescence, fluorescence, and bioluminescence. Luminescence is caused by chemical, biochemical, or crystallographic changes, the motions of subatomic particles, or radiation-induced excitation of an atomic system.发冷光：不是由于发光体的热量而来的光的发射，比如在磷光，荧光和生物性发光中。发冷光是由化学，生化或结晶变化，亚原子颗粒的运动，或原子系统的辐射产生的〔unstable〕Decaying with relatively short lifetime. Used of subatomic particles.衰变的：具有相对较短的寿命而衰变，常用于亚原子粒子〔Richter〕American physicist. He shared a 1976 Nobel Prize for discovering a subatomic particle.里克特，伯顿：(生于 1931) 美国物理学家。他因为发现亚原子粒子而与人共享1976年诺贝尔奖〔parity〕An intrinsic symmetry property of subatomic particles that is characterized by the behavior of the wave function of such particles under reflection through the origin of spatial coordinates.本质均衡性：亚原子粒子的本质平衡性，以其波函数在通过空间坐标原点的反射下的移动状况为特征〔particle〕A subatomic particle. See table at subatomic particle 次原子：亚原子微粒 参见 subatomic particle〔bremsstrahlung〕The electromagnetic radiation produced by an accelerated electrically charged subatomic particle, such as an electron, as when it is deflected by another charged particle.制动辐射：一颗加速的带电亚原子粒子，如电子，被其它带电粒子撞偏时，产生的电磁辐射〔subatomic〕Of or relating to the constituents of the atom.亚原子的：原子之组成成分的或与之有关的〔electron〕A stable subatomic particle in the lepton family having a rest mass of 9.1066 × 10-28 gram and a unit negative electric charge of approximately 1.602 × 10 -19 coulomb. See table at subatomic particle 电子：轻子族里一种稳定的亚原子粒子，其静止质量为9.1066×10-28克，负电荷大约1.602×10 -19库仑 参见 subatomic particle〔supersymmetry〕A hypothetical symmetry that relates fermions to bosons and gravitational force to forces that operate on the subatomic level.超对称性：将费密子与玻子相联系以及将万有引力与亚原子作用的力相联系的假想对称性〔antiparticle〕A subatomic particle, such as a positron, an antiproton, or an antineutron, having the same mass, average lifetime, spin, magnitude of magnetic moment, and magnitude of electric charge as the particle to which it corresponds but having the opposite sign of electric charge, opposite intrinsic parity, and opposite direction of magnetic moment. See table at subatomic particle 反粒子：一种亚原子粒子，如正电子、反质子或反中子，与它相对应的粒子有相同的质量、平均寿命、核量子数、磁矩量和电荷量，但具有相反的电荷标志、内在均势和磁矩方向 参见 subatomic particle〔spectrum〕The distribution of atomic or subatomic particles in a system, as in a magnetically resolved molecular beam, arranged in order of masses.能谱：系统（如经磁力分解的分子束）中，原子与亚原子微粒根据质量顺序排定的分布〔meson〕Any of a family of subatomic particles that participate in strong interactions, are composed of a quark and an antiquark, and have masses generally intermediate between leptons and baryons. See table at subatomic particle 介子：任一种具有较强相互作用力的亚原子粒子群，由一夸克与一反夸克构成，并具有通常介于轻子和重子间的质量 参见 subatomic particle〔deuteron〕The nucleus of a deuterium atom, consisting of a proton and a neutron, regarded as a subatomic particle with unit positive charge.氘核：氘原子的原子核，由一个质子和一个中子组成，被视为带单位正电荷的亚原子〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔neutron〕An electrically neutral subatomic particle in the baryon family, having a mass 1,839 times that of the electron, stable when bound in an atomic nucleus, and having a mean lifetime of approximately 1.0×103 seconds as a free particle. It and the proton form nearly the entire mass of atomic nuclei. See table at subatomic particle 中子：重子家族中电中性的亚原子粒子，是电子体积的1,839倍，作为自由粒子撞击原子核时保持稳定，平均寿命大约 1.0×103。它和质子几乎构成了整个原子核的质量 参见 subatomic particle |
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