| 单词 | 亲爱 |
| 释义 | 〔whore〕Derivatives of Indo-European roots often make strange bedfellows. A prime example is the case of.kā-, "to like, desire.” From the stem.kāro- derived from this root came the prehistoric Common Germanic word .hōraz with the underlying meaning "one who desires" and the effective meaning "adulterer.” From this word came the Old English wordhōre, the ancestor of Modern Englishwhore. The same stem produced the Latin wordcārus, "dear,” from which came Modern Englishcaress, cherish, and charity, the highest form of love. Contact with East Indian culture has added yet another pair of derivatives from this Indo-European root to the English language.From the stem.kāmo- came the Sanskrit word kāmaḥ, "love, desire,” from which are derived the English borrowingsKama, "the Hindu god of love,” andKamasutra, "a Sanskrit treatise on the rules of love and marriage according to Hindu law.” 从印欧语词根派生出的词常产生奇怪的词伴。一个很好的例子就是ko- “喜欢，渴望”。 从这个词根派生出karo 这个词干，然后又产生出史前共同日尔曼语的 horaz 一词，暗指“渴望…的人”，也含有显著的意义“通奸者”。 从这个词又产生古英语中的hore， 这是现代英语whore 的前身。 这一词干产生了拉丁词carus “亲爱的”， 又由它而引出现代英语中的caress,cherish 和 charity 这是爱的最高形式。 与东印度文化的接触又给英语语言加上了另外两个从这个印欧词根派生出的词。从词干kamo- 产生出梵语词 kamah “爱，欲望”， 从这个词又产生出英语的外来词Kama “印度人的爱神”， 和Kamasutra “根据印度法律所制定的关于爱情和婚姻的规定的梵语论述” 〔charity〕from cārus [dear] * see kā- 源自 cārus [亲爱的] * 参见 kā- 〔faction〕"Our own beloved country . . . is now afflicted with faction and civil war"(Abraham Lincoln)“我们自己的亲爱的祖国…现在正受着内讧和内战的折磨”(亚伯拉罕·林肯)〔caress〕from caro [dear] 源自 caro [亲爱的] 〔Madam〕Dear Madam or Sir.亲爱的女士或先生〔mavourneen〕muirnín [darling] [diminutive of] muirn [delight] from Old Irish [tumult, revels] muirnín [亲爱的] muirn的小后缀 [高兴] 源自 古爱尔兰语 [吵闹，喧哗] 〔Winfrey〕American talk-show host, producer, and actress. Producer and host ofThe Oprah Winfrey Show (1986-present), Winfrey has also acted in films such as The Color Purple (1985) and Beloved (1998). 温夫蕾，欧普拉：美国脱口秀主持人、制作人和女演员。欧普拉·温夫蕾秀 的制作人和主持人（1986年至今），温夫蕾也参与 《紫色》 （1985年）与 《亲爱的》 （1988年）等影集的演出 〔lamb〕A sweet, mild-mannered person; a dear.温顺、和气的人；亲爱的人〔lief〕Beloved; dear.亲爱的；珍贵的〔Harrison〕British singer and songwriter who was formerly lead guitarist with the Beatles. His best-known compositions include "Here Comes the Sun" and "My Sweet Lord.”哈里森，乔治：(生于 1943) 英国歌星和词曲作家，是前甲壳虫乐队的主音吉它手，最著名的作品包括“太阳从这里升起”和“我亲爱的上帝”〔leman〕leof [dear] from Old English lēof * see leubh- leof [亲爱的] 源自 古英语 lēof * 参见 leubh- 〔sir〕Dear Sir or Madam.亲爱的先生或女士〔Paton〕South African writer noted for his novelsCry, the Beloved Country (1948) and Too Late the Phalarope (1953). He was a founder and leader (1953-1968) of the Liberal Party of South Africa. 佩顿，阿朗·斯图尔特：(1903-1988) 南非作家，以他的小说《哭吧，亲爱的祖国》 （1948年）和 《太迟了，瓣蹼鹬》 （1953年）而著名。他是南非自由党的缔造者和领导者(1953-1968年） 〔pigsney〕A darling.亲爱的人，宠爱之物〔Hayes〕American actress whose 50-year career included acclaimed performances on stage, as inDear Brutus (1918) and Victoria Regina (1935-1939), and in motion pictures, such as The Sin of Madelon Claudet, for which she won an Academy Award (1932). 海斯，海伦：(生于 1900) 美国女演员，她五十年的演艺生涯包括广受好评的舞台表演，如《亲爱的希鲁特思》 （1918年）和 《维多利亚女王》 （1935-1939年）及获1932年奥斯卡奖的 《马德伦·克劳德的罪孽》 等电影 〔sweetheart〕Used as a familiar term of endearment.甜心：用作亲爱的昵称〔philter〕philein [to love] from philos [beloved, loving] philein [爱恋] 源自 philos [亲爱的，可爱的] 〔bane〕"Hath some fond lover tic'd thee to thy bane?”(George Herbert)“你的创伤可是你亲爱的情人所带来?”(乔治·赫伯特)〔minikin〕Obsolete Dutch minneken [darling] 已废荷兰语 minneken [亲爱的] 〔give〕"My dear, I don't give a damn"(Margaret Mitchell)“亲爱的，我根本不在乎”(玛格丽特·米切尔)〔underling〕People trying to build their vocabulary often study affixes,a not unreasonable way to proceed.But studying a group of words that share an affix can be fascinating in its own right in the way that studying common features in a photograph of an extended family can be fascinating.The suffix-ling is Germanic in origin and had several uses already in Old English.For example, it could be added to a noun to make a second noun that referred to something connected with or similar to the first noun;thus, adding the suffix to the Old English wordyrth, "ploughland,” produced the Old English word yrthling, "plowman.” The suffix could also be added to an adjective to make a noun that referred to something having the quality denoted by the adjective:from Old Englishdēore, "dear, beloved,” was derived dēorling (Modern English darling ). Adding-ling to an adverb produced a noun referring to something having the position or condition denoted by the adverb: from Old Englishunder came underling. The last use of the-ling family to be described here was actually borrowed from another Germanic source, Old Norse. The Old Norse version of the-ling suffix was used to form diminutives; thus, our wordgosling was a borrowing in Middle English of an Old Norse word, gæslingr, "gosling.” 想要扩大词汇量的人常常去研究词缀，这不失为一种明智的方式。就象研究一个扩大了的家庭的照片中家人的共同特征一样吸引人，研究一组词缀相同的单词本身可能也会令人意醉神迷。-ling 这一后缀源于日耳曼语， 在中古英语中便已有已几种用法。例如，它可以和一个名词相连形成另一个与之关联或相似的名词；这样，把这个后缀加到古英语单词yrth “耕地”后边便形成了另一古英语单词 yrthling “农夫”。 这个后缀还可以加在一个形容词后边形成具有该形容词所示特征的名词：从古英语单词deore, “亲爱的，被爱的”中派生出 deorling （现代英语中的 darling )。 把-ling 加在一副词后边可以产生具有该副词所示情况或状态的名词： 从中古英语的under 形成 underling 。 这里所要描述的-ling 家族的最后一个用法事实上是来源于另一支日耳曼语言，古挪威语。 在古挪威语中-ling 这一后缀被用作小后缀； 这样，我们的单词gosling 便是中世纪英语中的一个外来词，来源于古挪威语单词 goeslingr, “小鹅” 〔precious〕Dear; beloved.亲爱的；被热爱的〔man〕See here, my good man!看这儿，亲爱的〔sweetie〕Sweetheart; dear.爱人；亲爱的人〔darling〕dēore [dear] dēore [亲爱的] 〔dear〕Loved and cherished:亲爱的，心爱的：〔fond〕Cherished; dear:珍爱的；亲爱的： |
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