| 单词 | 人称 |
| 释义 | 〔Gauss〕German mathematician and astronomer known for his contributions to algebra, differential geometry, probability theory, and number theory.高斯，卡尔·弗雷德里希：(1777-1855) 德国数学家和天文学家，因其对代数、微积分几何、或然率理论和数字理论的贡献而为人称道〔Barrymore〕Family of American actors, includingLionel (1878-1954), who won an Oscar in 1931 for Free Soul; his sister Ethel (1879-1959), who appeared mainly on stage but also won an Academy Award in 1944 for None but the Lonely Heart; and their brother John (1882-1942), known as "the Great Profile,” who appeared on stage as Hamlet and Richard III and in many motion pictures, including Dinner at Eight (1933). 巴里穆尔家族：美国的演艺世家，有莱昂内尔 （1878-1954年），因为出演 《自由的灵魂》 于1931年获奥斯卡奖；他的姐姐 埃塞尔 （1879-1959年）多出现于舞台，同时也因为出演 《寂寞芳心》 而获1944年的奥斯卡奖；他们的弟弟 约翰 （1882-1942年），人称“伟大的形象”，在舞台上扮演过哈姆雷特和理查三世，出演过很多部影片，包括 《八时餐会》 （1933年） 〔should〕Wouldcannot always be substituted for should, however. Should is used in all three persons in a conditional clause: 但是Would并不是总是能由 should 代替。 Should 在三种人称的条件从句中都可以用： 〔Strauss〕Austrian violinist and composer of waltzes and other works, notablyRedetzky March (1848). His son Johann (1825-1899), known as "the Younger,” is sometimes called "the Waltz King" and is best remembered for his numerous waltzes, such as "The Blue Danube" (1867). 施特劳斯，约翰：(1804-1849) 奥地利小提琴演奏家，华尔兹及其它作品的作曲家，著名的有《拉德茨基进行曲》 (1848年），他的儿子 约翰 (1825年-1899年），人称“小施特劳斯”，有时被称为“圆舞曲之王”，他以大量圆舞曲著名，例如“蓝色多瑙河”(1867年） 〔but〕Traditional grammarians have worried over what form the pronoun ought to take whenbut is used to indicate an exception in sentences such as No one but I (or No one but me ) has read it. Some have argued thatbut is a conjunction in these sentences and therefore should be followed by the nominative formI. However, many of these grammarians have gone on to argue somewhat inconsistentlythat the accusative formme is appropriate when the but phrase occurs at the end of a sentence, as inNo one has read it but me. While this treatment of the construction has a considerable weight of precedent on its sideand cannot be regarded as incorrect,a strong case can be made on grammatical grounds for treating this use ofbut as a preposition. For one thing, ifbut were truly a conjunction here, we would expect the verb to agree in person and number with the noun or pronoun followingbut; we would then sayNo one but the students have read it. What is more, ifbut were a true conjunction here we would not expect that it could be moved to the end of a clause, as inNo one has read it but the students. Note that we cannot use the conjunctionand in a similar way, saying John left and everyone else in the class in place of John and everyone else in the class left. These observations suggest thatbut is best considered as a preposition here and followed by accusative forms such asme and them in all positions: No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me. These recommendations are supported by 73 percent of the Usage Panel when thebut phrase precedes the verb and by 93 percent when thebut phrase follows the verb. · But is redundant when used together with however, as in But the army, however, went on with its plans; one or the other word should be eliminated. ·But is generally not followed by a comma. Correct written style requiresKim wanted to go, but we stayed, not Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed. · But may be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style. See Usage Note at and ,cannot ,doubt ,however ,I 1传统的语法学家考虑当but 用于表示例外的意思时应该用什么形式的代词，比如 No one but I （或者 No one but me ) has read it 。 有人认为but 在这种句子中是个连词， 因此应该使用主格I。 然而许多语法学家接下来的讨论有些不一致，即当but 短语出现在句子末尾时用宾格 me 比较合适， 如No one has read it but me（除我以外没有人读过它）。 同时这种结构前置处理的重要性是值得考虑的，并且不会被认为是不正确的，一个有力的例子在语法范畴内，认为but 在这里作介词使用。 首先如果but 在此真是一个连词的话， 我们会期望同名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致的动词跟在but 后面； 我们会说No one but the students have read it（除学生以外没有人读过它）。 再者，如果but 在此真是连词的话，我们不希望它被放在句子末尾， 如在句子No one has read it but the students 中。 注意我们不以类似的方式来使用连词and ，说 John left and everyone else in the class 来代替 John and everyone else in the class left。 这些发现表明but 在此最好被当作介词， 在任何位置后面都应跟宾格形式如me 和 them ： No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me（除了我没人读过它）。 当but 短语放在动词之前时，有百分之七十三的用法专题使用小组成员支持这些提议； 而当but 短语放在动词之后时，得到百分之九十三的小组成员的支持。 But 在同 however 一起使用时是多余的，如 But the army, however, went on with its plans； 这两个词必须去掉其中一个。But 通常后面不加逗号。 正确的写法是Kim wanted to go, but we stayed, 而不是 Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed 。 But 可以放在所有文体标准的句子开头 参见 and,cannot,doubt,however,I1〔either〕When the construction mixes singular and plural elements, however,there is some confusion as to which form the verb should take.It has sometimes been suggested that the verb should agree with whichever noun phrase is closest to it;thus one would writeEither Eve or the Kays have been invited, butEither the Kays or Eve has been invited. This pattern is accepted by 54 percent of the Usage Panel.Others have maintained that the construction is fundamentally inconsistent whichever number is assigned to the verband that such sentences should be rewritten accordingly.As Wilson Follett put it:然而，当结构中既有单数又有复数成分的时候，动词应采取什么形式说法不定。人们有时建议动词的人称和数应与离得最近的名词短语呼应；因此人们说Either Eve or the Kays have been invited ， 而不是Either the Kays or Eve has been invited 。 这种格式被用法使用小组54的成员所接受。也有人认为不管动词用什么样的数， 这个结构本质上都是一致的，因此这样的句子应重写。象威尔逊·伏莱特所说的：〔Duvalier〕Haitian dictator. Elected president in 1957, he declared himself president for life in 1964 and ruled in an authoritarian manner until his death. His sonJean-Claude (born 1951), known as "Baby Doc,” succeeded him in 1971 but fled the country in 1986 after widespread civil unrest. 杜瓦利埃，弗朗索瓦：(1907-1971) 海地独裁者。1957年当选总统，1964年他宣布自己任终身总统并实行独裁统治直到去世。他的儿子杰·克劳德 （生于1951年），人称“多克宝贝”，1971年继承父位，在大规模的民众动乱之后，1986年逃离海地 〔they〕from Old Norse their [masculine pl. demonstrative and personal pron.] * see to- 源自 古斯堪的纳维亚语 their [男性复数，指示代名词和人称代名词] * 参见 to- 〔Hand〕American jurist. As a federal judge (1924-1951) his influence was so great that he was sometimes called the "tenth man" of the U.S. Supreme Court.汉德，（比灵斯）利恩德：(1872-1961) 美国法学家在他于1924年至1951年任联邦法官时，其影响力非常之大，以至于有时候被人称为美国最高法院的“第十个成员”〔inflection〕An alternation of the form of a word by adding affixes, as in Englishdogs from dog, or by changing the form of a base, as in English spoke from speak, that indicates grammatical features such as number, person, mood, or tense. 字尾变化：通过加词缀来改变一个词的形式，比如在英语中，dogs 一词以 dog 一词转换而来；也表示通过改变词本身，如英语中的 spoke 是从 speak 一词变来的；这些词缀增减和词本身的变化表示了数、人称、语态或时态等语法特征 〔should〕Should is also used in all three persons to express duty or obligation (the equivalent of ought to ): Should用于这三种人称的表示职责和义务的句子中（相当于 ought to ）： 〔Kemble〕British actor who managed the Drury Lane (1788-1803) and Covent Garden (1803-1817) theaters in London and was an acclaimed tragedian. His nieceFrances Anne Kemble (1809-1893), known as "Fanny,” was a celebrated Shakespearean actress in Great Britain and the United States. 肯布尔，约翰·菲利普：(1757-1823) 英国演员，是伦敦特鲁里街（1788-1803年）和科芬特花园歌剧院（1803-1817年）的经理，被认为是悲剧家。其侄女弗朗西丝·安·肯布尔 （1809-1893年），人称“法妮”是英国和美国著名的莎士比亚戏剧女演员 〔shall〕The traditional rules for usingshall and will prescribe a highly complicated pattern of use in which the meanings of the forms change according to the person of the subject.In the first person,shall is used to indicate simple futurity: 使用shall 及 will 的传统规则规定了一个十分复杂的使用形式， 其形式的含义根据主语人称而改变。在第一人称中，shall 用于表示简单的未来事件： 〔grimalkin〕obsolete Malkin [diminutive of the personal name] Matilda 废语 Malkin Matilda的人称名词小后缀 〔guillemot〕French [diminutive of the personal name] Guillaume 法语 Guillaume的人称名词小后缀 〔person〕Any of three groups of pronoun forms with corresponding verb inflections that distinguish the speaker (first person), the individual addressed (second person), and the individual or thing spoken of (third person).人称：指关系到谓语动词变化的三类人称形式，用以区别说话人（第一人称）、与之交谈的人（第二人称）和提及的人或东西（第三人称）〔cayuse〕The nouncayuse comes from the name of the Cayuse people in the Pacific Northwest. Cayuse is used chiefly in the territory of the word's origin—the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho—although its use has also spread into other Western states. A verb meaning "to buck,” derived from the noun,is cited by Ramon F. Adams inOld-Time Cowhand (1961): "What cowboys in other sections calledbuckin', the Texan called pitchin', and a term used in South Texas, though seldom heard in other sections, wascayusein'. ” 名词cayuse 源自太平洋西北部卡尤塞人的名字。 Cayuse 一词主要在该词的起源地区——华盛顿州、俄勒冈州和衣阿华州使用——尽管它也被其它一些西部州使用。 从名词引申的动词意为“碰撞”，被拉门·F·亚当斯在过去时代的牛仔 （1961年）中引用： “牛仔们在其它地区称为buckin'， 得克萨斯人称 pitchin'， 而在南得克萨斯经常使用， 在其他地区很少听到的一个词是cayusein' ” 〔call〕Nobody calls me a liar.没有人称我为说谎者〔Ruth〕American baseball player. A pitcher for the Boston Red Sox (1915-1919) and outfielder for the New York Yankees (1920-1935), he hit 714 home runs, played in 10 World Series, and held 54 major-league records. Known as "the Sultan of Swat,” he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936.鲁思，乔治·赫尔曼：(1895-1948) 美国棒球运动员。作为波士顿红袜队的投球手(1915-1919年）和纽约的美国佬队的外野手(1920-1935年），他一共打击全垒打714次、参加了十次世界级比赛并保持54个主要联盟记录。被人称为“全垒打王”，1936年被吸收为荣誉棒球会的会员〔Chichester〕A municipal borough of southern England near the English Channel east of Southampton. Called Regnum by the Romans, it was a major port in the Middle Ages. Population, 24,300.奇切斯特：英格兰南部自治市，位于南安普敦以东英吉利海峡附近。曾被罗马人称为瑞固姆，在中世纪时是一个大港口。人口24,300〔gussy〕Perhaps from Australian slang gussie [an effeminate man] [diminutive of the personal name] Augustus 可能源自 澳大利亚俚语 gussie [女性化的男子] Augustus的人称名词小后缀 〔shall〕The use ofwill in the first person and of shall in the second and third may express determination, promise, obligation, or permission, depending on the context.ThusI will leave tomorrow indicates that the speaker is determined to leave; 单词will 在第一人称及 shall 在用于第二、三人称时， 根据上下文可能表达的决定、承诺、义务或允许这样。这样我明天要走 这句话表明说话者决定离开； |
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