| 单词 | 人类行为 |
| 释义 | 〔Maslow〕American psychologist and a founder of humanistic psychology who developed a hierarchical model of human motivation, in which a higher need, ultimately that for self-actualization, is expressed only after lower needs are fulfilled.马斯洛，亚伯拉罕：(1908-1970) 美国心理学家，人文主义心理学的奠基人。他提出人类行为动机的等级模型，根据该模型，只有当基本的低级需求被满足后，高级需求──最终就是对自我实现的需求，才会表现出来〔include〕No single theory can embrace and explain every facet of human behavior.没有一种理论能包括并阐释人类行为的每个方面。〔egoism〕The ethical belief that self-interest is the just and proper motive for all human conduct.自我主义：认为自我利益是全部人类行为的恰当和正确的原因的道德信仰〔moral〕Of or concerned with the judgment of the goodness or badness of human action and character:道德（上）的：对人类行为或品质好或坏的判断，或与之有关的：〔reflexology〕The study of reflex responses, especially as they affect behavior.反射学：对反射反应，特别是影响人类行为的反射反应的研究〔Tao〕In Confucianism, the right manner of human activity and virtuous conduct seen as stemming from universal criteria and ideals governing right, wrong, and other categories of existence.（儒家的）道：儒家中人类行为与道德操守的正确态度，被认为是发展自放诸四海用以左右对、错及其它生活范畴的规范标准〔cynic〕A person who believes all people are motivated by selfishness.讽世者，愤世嫉俗者：一个认为人类行为由自私自利驱使的人〔cynic〕A cynic may be pardoned for thinking that this is a dog's life.The Greek wordkunikos, from which cynic comes, was originally an adjective meaning "doglike,” fromkuōn, "dog.” The word was most likely applied to the Cynic philosophers because of the nicknamekuōn given to Diogenes of Sinope, the prototypical Cynic. He is said to have performed such actions as barking in public, urinating on the leg of a table, and masturbating on the street.The first use of the word recorded in English, in a work published from 1547 to 1564, is in the plural for members of this philosophical sect.In 1596 we find the first instance ofcynic meaning "faultfinder,” a sense that was to develop into our modern sense.The meaning "faultfinder" came naturally from the behavior of countless Cynics who in their pursuit of virtue pointed out the flaws in others.Such faultfinding could lead quite naturally to the belief associated with cynics of today that selfishness determines human behavior.犬儒学派成员因认为这是狗的生命而可能被赦免。希腊词kunikos 是 cynic 的来源， 最初为形容词，意思是“似狗”，源自kuon “狗”，。 这个词最适用于犬儒派哲学家，因为给犬儒主义者的鼻祖的绰号是kuon 。 据说他曾经当众吼叫，在桌腿上小便，并且在街上手淫。这个词在一本1547到1564年出版的著作里首次用英语记录下来的用法是，用作复数来指代此哲学学派的成员。1596年，我们发现cynic 的第一个意思是吹毛求疵的人的例子， 也是发展成具有我们现代意义的含义。 “吹毛吹疵的人”这个意思是从无数个以追求指摘别人缺点为美德的犬儒主义者的行为而得来。这种指摘很自然地得出与现在的犬儒主义相联系的信仰，认为自私自利决定人类行为 |
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