| 单词 | 仆人 |
| 释义 | 〔sirvente〕from servus [servant] 源自 servus [仆人] 〔ministry〕from minister [servant] * see mei- 2源自 minister [仆人] * 参见 mei- 2〔ancillary〕From Latin ancilla [maidservant] [feminine diminutive of] anculus [servant] * see k wel- 1源自 拉丁语 ancilla [女仆] anculus的阴性词小后缀 [仆人] * 参见 k wel- 1〔swain〕Middle English [young man, servant] 中古英语 [年轻人，仆人] 〔minister〕from Latin minister [servant] * see mei- 2源自 拉丁语 minister [仆人] * 参见 mei- 2〔griot〕perhaps ultimately from Portuguese criado [domestic servant] 可能最终源自 葡萄牙语 criado [家庭仆人] 〔valet〕To act as a personal servant to; attend.做…的私人仆人；照顾〔sewer〕A medieval servant who supervised the serving of meals.管家：监督饮食服务的中世纪的仆人〔coxswain〕swain [servant] * see swain swain [仆人] * 参见 swain〔live〕household servants who live out.不住在主人家的仆人们〔family〕from Latin familia [household, servants of a household] 源自 拉丁语 familia [家务，作家务的仆人] 〔reveal〕"A servant . . . betrayed their presence . . . to the Germans" (William Styron).The term can also mean to reveal against one's desire or will: “仆人…向德国人泄露了他们在场的秘密” （威廉·斯蒂伦）。这个词也指违背某人的愿望或意愿的泄露： 〔retainer〕A servant or an attendant, especially one in the household of a person of high rank.仆人或服务员，尤指高阶层人士家中的〔mystery〕from minister [assistant, servant] * see mei- 2源自 minister [助手，仆人] * 参见 mei- 2〔service〕The occupation or duties of a servant.仆人的工作：佣人的职业或职务〔servitor〕One that performs the duties of a servant to another; an attendant.仆人：为别人服务的人；侍从〔peon〕also [pyo͞on] An Indian or Ceylonese messenger, servant, or foot soldier. 也作 [pyo͞on] 印度或锡兰的传令兵、仆人或步兵〔liveried〕Liveried footmen stood on the palace steps.站在宫殿台阶上穿着制服的仆人们〔slavey〕A household servant, especially an overworked one.仆役：家庭中的仆人，尤指过度工作的仆人〔tend〕To be an attendant or a servant.伺侯，招待：成为随从或仆人〔menial〕A servant, especially a domestic servant.佣人：仆人，尤指家仆〔butler〕The head servant in a household who is usually in charge of food service, the care of silverware, and the deportment of the other servants.大管家：家务中的仆役长，通常负责膳食招待、餐具的管理和其他仆人的举止〔chasseur〕A uniformed footman.男仆：穿制服的仆人〔minstrel〕from Old French menestrel [servant, entertainer] 源自 古法语 menestrel [仆人，演员] 〔marshal〕Hard-riding marshals of the Wild West in pursuit of criminalsreemphasize the relationship of the wordmarshal with horses. The Germanic ancestor of our wordmarshal is a compound made up of .marhaz, "horse" (related to the source of our word mare ), and .skalkaz, "servant,” meaning as a whole literally "horse servant,”hence "groom.”The Frankish descendant of this Germanic word,.marahskalk, starting from these humble beginnings, came to designate a high royal official and also a high military commander, not surprisingly so, given the importance of the horse in medieval warfare.The word passed into the period (beginning in 800) in which we speak of Old French, after the Franks and their Germanic language had been fused with the surrounding culture descended from Roman Gaul.When the Normans established a French-speaking official class in England,the Old French word came with them.The Middle English source of our word is first recorded as a surname in 1218 (and the surname Marshal, now spelled Marshall, has been held by some famous people),but it is first recorded as a common noun with the sense "high officer of the royal court" in the first English language proclamation (1258) by an English king, Henry III, after the Norman Conquest.Marshal was applied to this high royal official's deputies, who were officers of courts of law,and the word continued to designate various officials involved with courts of law and law enforcement,including the horseback-riding marshals we are familiar with in the United States.西部荒野骑着马对罪犯紧追不舍的警长形象，再次强调了marshal 这个词与马之间的联系。 我们这个单词marshal 的日耳曼语原形是一个由 marhaz “马”（与 mare 的语源相关）和 skalkaz “仆人，佣人”组成的合成词， 字面意思是“马的仆人”，也就是后来的“马夫”。这个日耳曼词的法兰克语的演变marahskalk 从最初卑微的含义演变到特指高级王室官员及高级军事将领， 不仅如此，在中世纪的战场上马也被提升到了重要地位。在法兰克人和他们所说的日耳曼语一起融入周围的罗马高卢人文化之后，这个词进入了我们讲古法语的时代（开始于800年）。当诺曼底人在英格兰建立了一个讲法语的官员阶层之后，古法语里的这个词便随之而来。该词在中世纪英语中最早于1218年作为一个姓氏被记录下来（一些著名人士的姓马歇尔，现在的拼写法为Marshall)，但作为指“王室的高级官员”的普通名词，它最早出现于英国王亨利三世在诺曼征服之后做的一篇英文公告(1258年）。在此文中Marshal 用于指高级王室官员的代表， 也就是司法官员。该词涉及法律和法律实施的不同官员的含义延续了下来，其中就包括我们所熟悉的美国西部骑在马背上的警长〔dictatorial〕His behavior toward the waiter was insufferably overbearing. 他对待仆人的行为太霸道了 〔sewage〕Perhaps sew [sewer] from Middle English short for Anglo-Norman sewere * see sewer 1可能为 sew [中世纪负责进膳的仆人] 源自 中古英语 英法语 sewere的简写 * 参见 sewer1〔like〕"I may like him well enough; but you don't love your servants" (Harriet Beecher Stowe).“我可能喜欢 他到了一定程度；但你不可能 爱 上你的仆人” （哈丽特·比彻·斯托）。〔beefeater〕Tourists in England who have seen the warders of the Tower of London and the Yeomen of the Guard know that these men dressed in 15th-century uniforms are calledbeefeaters. Not all tourists are aware, however, that the original use of the term (recorded in 1610) was pejorative,referring to a well-fed servant.In a work published before 1628 the word was also said to have been used contemptuously by the French for an Englishman or an English soldier.The wordbeefeater has thus risen in the world, for the well-fed, well-muscled beefeaters of today (this use was first recorded in 1671) are considered by many to be a national treasure. 到英国旅游见到过伦敦塔的皇家侍卫都知道这些身着15世纪制服的人叫伦敦塔卫士。 但并不是所有的游客都注意到了，这个词最早用作轻蔑语（载于1610年），是指吃得很好的仆人。在1628年前发表的一篇文章中，这个词也被法国人用来蔑称英国人或英国士兵。由于今天营养充足，肌肉发达的皇家侍卫（该意最早使用刊载于1671年）被许多人认为是英国的国宝，伦敦塔卫士 一词于是开始广为流传 〔inactive〕"The Honorable Mrs. Jamieson . . . was fat and inert, and very much at the mercy of her old servants" (Elizabeth C. Gaskell).“高贵的贾米逊夫人…身材肥胖，行动迟钝，非常需要她的老仆人们的帮助 （伊丽莎白·C·盖斯凯尔）。〔confidante〕A woman character in a drama or fiction, such as a trusted friend or servant, who serves as a device for revealing the inner thoughts or intentions of a main character.戏剧或小说中的一个女角色，如作为主角的密友或仆人，来揭露主角的内心思想和意图〔snicker〕"I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker"(T.S. Eliot)“我看到永远的仆人拿着我的大衣，并且傻笑”(T.S.艾略特)〔boycott〕Charles C. Boycott seems to have been forced by his strong sense of duty into becoming a household word.Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland.The earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland.Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform.Any landlord who would not charge lower rents or any tenant who took over the farm of an evicted tenant would be given the complete cold shoulder by Parnell's supporters.Boycott, a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants.At this point members of Parnell's Irish Land League stepped in,and Boycott and his family found themselves isolated—without servants, farmhands, service in stores, or mail delivery.Boycott's name was quickly adopted as the term for this treatment,not just in English but in other languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Russian.查理斯·C·博伊考特看来是因为其强烈的责任感而成为一个家喻户晓的词。博伊考特是爱尔兰麦奥县俄内伯爵的房地产经纪人。俄内是占有爱尔兰大部分土地的不在地主集团中的一员。博伊考特于1880年秋季被选为一项新政策的试点，此项政策是由一个企图进行土地改革的爱尔兰政治家──查理斯·帕内尔提出的。那些不愿降低地租的地主或接管被驱逐佃户土地的佃农都被帕内尔的支持者疏远。作为原英军士兵的博伊考特，拒绝收取低地租并且驱逐佃户。此时帕内尔爱尔兰土地联盟成员插手了，博伊考特及其家人发现他们被孤立了──没有仆人，农业工人，得不到商店服务，也没有人送信。博伊考特的名字很快就被用作这种对待方法的专有名词，不仅用于在英语中，而且也用于如法语、荷兰语、德语和俄语的其他语言中〔jackal〕One who performs menial tasks for another.仆人：替别人做卑贱工作的人〔scullion〕A servant employed to do menial tasks in a kitchen.厨房帮手：在厨房里干粗活的仆人〔unflappable〕"cherubic, unflappable, not quite successful in obscuring his penetrating intelligence behind the bland exterior of the perfect civil servant"(Henry A. Kissinger)“天真可爱的，不易激动的，在完全有礼貌的仆人的和蔼外表后面并未十分成功地遮掩他敏锐的才智”(亨利A.基辛格)〔court〕The retinue of a sovereign, including the royal family and personal servants, advisers, and ministers.朝廷，朝臣，侍臣：国王的侍从，包括皇室家庭和私人仆人、参谋和部长〔household〕A domestic unit consisting of the members of a family who live together along with nonrelatives such as servants.家庭：由住在一起的家庭成员及其他非亲属（如仆人）所组成的家庭单位〔valet〕from Old French vaslet, valet [servant, squire] 源自 古法语 vaslet, valet [仆人，侍从] 〔yeoman〕An attendant, a servant, or a lesser official in a royal or noble household.侍从，仆人：皇室或贵族家庭中的随从、仆人或低级军官 |
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