| 单词 | 从而 |
| 释义 | 〔mercantilism〕The theory and system of political economy prevailing in Europe after the decline of feudalism, based on national policies of accumulating bullion, establishing colonies and a merchant marine, and developing industry and mining to attain a favorable balance of trade.重商主义：封建主义衰退后流行于欧洲的政治经济理论和体系，以积累金块的国家政策为基础，拓展殖民地和商船队，并发展工矿业从而取得有利的贸易平衡〔inquiry〕A close examination of a matter in a search for information or truth.调查，审查：对某事进行彻底地调查从而寻求信息或真相〔overfish〕To fish (a body of water) to such a degree as to upset the ecological balance or cause depletion of living creatures.对（渔场等）捕捞过度：（在某水体中）过度捕鱼从而打破了生态平衡或引起这些生物的灭绝〔Babson〕American financial statistician who in September 1929 forecast a sharp drop in stock prices, thereby correctly predicting the stock market crash of October 1929.巴布森，罗杰·沃德：(1875-1967) 美国金融统计学家，他在1929年9月预测股票将剧烈下跌，从而准确地预言了1929年10月股票市场的崩盘〔Rawls〕American political philosopher whoseA Theory of Justice (1971) revived the social contractarian tradition by arguing that all members of society would support the same principles of justice under conditions that guarantee impartiality. 罗尔斯，约翰：美国政治哲学家，他撰写的《正义论》 （1971）认为社会的所有成员应在保证公正的条件下支持正义的同一原则，从而复兴了社会契约传统 〔level〕Flush applies to a surface that is on an exact level with an adjoining one,forming a continuous surface: Flush 指的是一个表面与另一竖直表面在同一水平或高度上，从而形成了一个连续的表面： 〔chigoe〕A small tropical flea(Tunga penetrans), the fertilized female of which burrows under the skin of animals and humans, causing intense irritation and sores that may become severely infected. Also called chigger ,jigger 2sand flea 穿皮潜蚤：一种热带地区的小跳蚤（穿皮潜蚤）， 其受精的母蚤钻入动物和人的表皮之下从而引起严重发炎和疼痛并且可能会导致严重的感染 也作 chigger,jigger2sand flea〔bureaucracy〕An administrative system in which the need or inclination to follow complex procedures impedes effective action:官僚制度：一套行政制度，需要或倾向于一个复杂的过程从而阻碍有效行动的行政制度：〔skid〕A shoe or drag applying pressure to a wheel to brake a vehicle.制轮器：用来在轮子上施加压力从而刹车的防滑鞋状物或制动物〔Wieschaus〕German-born biologist. His research on fruit flies resulted in the identification of the genes that are essential for embryonic development of the body segments. He shared a 1995 Nobel Prize in medicine.魏区豪斯，艾力克：德裔生物学家。他通过对果蝇的研究从而确定基因是身体部分最初发育必不可少的因素。他与人共获1995年诺贝尔医学奖〔flashbulb〕A glass bulb filled with finely shredded aluminum or magnesium foil that is ignited by electricity to produce a short-duration high-intensity light flash for taking photographs. Also called photoflash 闪光泡：一种内部装有铝箔或镁箔的精细碎片的玻璃灯泡，用电点燃以发出短暂的高强度闪光，从而拍摄照片 也作 photoflash〔shut〕shut off the hot water by closing a valve.关上阀门从而阻断了热水〔acid〕A substance that ionizes in solution to give the positive ion of the solvent.酸性物质：一种在溶解时发生电离从而使溶剂带上正电荷的物质〔Adwa〕A town of northern Ethiopia south of Asmara. Emperor Menelik II decisively defeated the Italians here in 1896 to secure recognition of Ethiopia's independence. Population, 21,107.埃德华：埃塞俄比亚北部一城镇，位于阿斯马拉的南部，1896年迈拿里克皇帝二世在此决定性地击败了意大利人，从而保障了对埃塞俄比亚独立的承认。人口21,107〔touch〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to bring the hands or fingers into contact with so as to give or receive a physical sensation": 这些动词共有的中心意思是“使手或手指与…接触从而得到一种生理感觉”： 〔play〕To set (one individual or party) in opposition to another so as to advance one's own interests:使相斗（以坐收渔利）：将（一个人或一个队）置于与另一个（人或队）相对的位置从而加强自己的利益：〔split〕To divide (stock) by issuing multiples of the existing stock with a corresponding reduction in the price of each share, so that the total value of the stock is unchanged.分割（股份）：通过把（股票）每股价格降低，从而使现存股票数目增多的方式或分割股票，但股份总价值不变〔contragestive〕Capable of preventing gestation, either by preventing implantation or by causing the uterine lining to shed after implantation.避孕的：通过防止胚胎植入或使子宫内膜在胚胎植入后脱落从而能够避免怀孕或妊娠的〔access〕The verbaccess is well established in its computational sense "to obtain access to (data or processes),” as inThis program makes it considerably easier to access files on another disk. In recent years it has come to be used in nontechnical contexts with the more general sense of "to obtain access to (goods or information), usually by technological means,”as inYou can access your cash at any of 300 automatic tellers throughout the area. This example was judged unacceptable by 82 percent of the Usage Panel.动词access 的计算机意义上“存取（数据或程序）”已被人们广为接受， 如这个程序使从另一磁盘上获得文件大为简便了。 近几年它已被运用于非技术领域，从而有更广泛的意义“通常是通过科技手段来取得（货物或信息），”如你可以通过使用整个地区的300个自动取款机中任何一个取得现金。 但这种用法被百分之八十二的用法使用小组成员认为是不可取的〔shake〕A beverage in which the ingredients are mixed by shaking.混合饮料：一种通过晃动从而混合其中成分的饮料〔chime〕To strike (a bell) to produce music.敲击：敲击（一只钟）从而奏出音乐〔method〕Method A technique of acting in which the actor recalls emotions and reactions from past experience and uses them in identifying with and individualizing the character being portrayed. Method 体验派表演方法：一种表演技巧，演员回忆过去经历过的情感和反应并利用它们来与所饰角色取得共鸣从而使角色生动鲜明〔spillback〕Arrested traffic flow in which vehicles that are stopped partway through an intersection because of a blockage ahead prevent crossing traffic from moving.塞车：停滞的车流，因前方的堵塞而使车子不能前行，从而导致车辆停滞在交叉路口上〔inoculate〕To communicate a disease to (a living organism) by transferring its causative agent into the organism.感染：通过传送引起疾病的制剂进入活的组织从而把疾病传染给这个组织〔degrade〕"Charity degrades those who receive it and hardens those who dispense it" (George Sand).“施舍使接受它的人蒙羞，从而使发放它的人变得冷酷无情” （乔治·桑）。〔hyaluronidase〕An enzyme that inactivates hyaluronic acid in the body, thereby increasing tissue permeability to fluids. Also called spreading factor 透明质酸酶：一种能够降低体内透明质酸的活性，从而提高组织中液体渗透能力的酶 也作 spreading factor〔monetarism〕A policy that seeks to regulate an economy by altering the domestic money supply, especially by increasing it in a moderate but steady manner.货币政策：一种通过改变国内货币供应量，尤指有节制而平稳地增长货币供应量从而达到调整经济的目标的政策〔allegory〕A literary, dramatic, or pictorial device in which characters and events stand for abstract ideas, principles, or forces, so that the literal sense has or suggests a parallel, deeper symbolic sense.寓言，讽喻：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或支配力，从而使表面含义含有或表达一种对等的，但更深刻的象征意义〔dribble〕To move a ball or puck with repeated light bounces or kicks.运球：不断地轻拍或踢从而使球或球状物移动〔Magellan〕Portuguese navigator. While trying to find a western route to the Moluccas (1519), Magellan and his expedition were blown by storms into the strait that now bears his name (1520). He named and sailed across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the Marianas and the Philippines (1521), where he was killed fighting for a friendly native king. One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.麦哲伦，费迪南德：(1480?-1521) 葡萄牙航海家。在试图找到一条向西通向摩鹿加群岛的航线时(1519年），麦哲伦和他的远征船队被风暴吹到了现在以他的名字命名的海峡(1520年）。他给太平洋命了名并且穿越了太平洋，到达马里亚纳群岛和菲律宾群岛(1521年），在那里在替一位友好的土著国王作战时被杀害。他船队中只有一条船回到了西班牙(1522年），从而完成了第一次环球航行〔drum〕To make known to or force upon (a person) by constant repetition:反复讲，鼓吹：不断重复从而使了解或灌输（给某人）：〔inkling〕One of the more fascinating journeys in the histories of words is the one that linksnest and inkling. We begin this journey with the Indo-European rootnizdo-, which by way of Germanic.nist- will give us nest but also leads to Latinnīdus, "nest.” From Latinnīdus may come Old French (and modern French) niche, meaning "niche.” It is possible that in Old French a variant form existed that was borrowed into Middle English asnik, meaning "a notch, tally.” This word seems related to the Middle English wordnikken, which may mean "to mark a text for correction,”andnikking, "a hint, slight indication,” or possibly "a whisper, mention.” The wordnikking appears only once, in a Middle English text composed around 1400, as does the wordningkiling, found in another copy of the same text. It is possible thatningkiling is from nikking. Furthermore, it is probable that people divideda ninkling incorrectly and got an inkling, just as they did witha napron, getting an apron. If all this has indeed happened,inkling has come a long way from the nest. 在单词的演变史中，从nest 到 inkling 是一个有趣的过程。 我们从印欧语系词根nizdo- 开始， 通过日耳曼语的nist- 变为我们的 nest ， 也衍生出拉丁语的nidus ，“巢”之意。 从拉丁语的nidus 有了古法语（和现代法语）中的 niche ，表示“壁龛”。 有可能在法语中有一个变体是从中古英语的nik （刻痕，计分）变化而来。 这个词看来与中古英语中的nikken 一词有关， 它的意思是“为改正一篇文字而做记号”，也与nikking 有关，意为“暗示，轻微指示”或也可能是“低声说话，提及”之意。 在一篇1400年左右所作的中古英语文章中，hikking 只出现了一次， 在同样内容的另一份版本中ningkiling 也只出现了一次。 所以有可能ninkiling 是由 nikking 变化而来。 此外，很有可能人们错误地将a ninkling 分开从而得到 an inkling ， 就象人们错误地处理a napron 从而得到 an apron 一样。 如果所有这些真的发生了，inkling 一词从其巢穴走了一条长长的演变之路 〔camouflage〕Fabric or a garment dyed in splotches of green, brown, tan, and black so as to make the wearer indistinguishable from the surrounding environment.迷彩服：将织物或衣物染成有绿色、棕色、褐色和黑色的斑纹，从而使穿戴者不易被从周围环境中区分开来〔differentiate〕To make different by alteration or modification.使差异：通过变更或修改从而产生差别〔thunderous〕Loud and unrestrained in a way that suggests thunder:雷鸣般的：大声且不受限制从而令人想到雷声的：〔Prague〕The capital and largest city of Czechoslovakia, in the western part of the country on the Vltava River. Known since the 9th century, it was a leading cultural and commercial center by the 14th century and came under Hapsburg rule in 1526. In 1618 citizens of Prague expressed their dissatisfaction of Hapsburg rule by throwing several royal officials out of the windows of the Hradčany Castle in the so-called Defenestration of Prague. The city became the capital of newly formed Czechoslovakia in 1918. Population, 1,189,828.布拉格：捷克斯洛伐克首都及最大城市，位于这个国家的西半部，临瓦尔塔瓦河。该城自公元9世纪就已闻名于世，到14世纪为止是一个处于领先地位的文化及商业中心，于1526年开始为哈布斯堡王朝所统治。1618年，为了表示对哈布斯堡王朝统治的不满，布拉格市民将几个皇家官员从克拉克尼城堡的窗中扔了出去，从而制造了所谓的“布拉格扔出窗外”事件。1918年该城成为新形成的捷克斯洛伐克的首都。人口1,189,828〔collage〕To paste (diverse materials) over a surface, thereby creating an artistic product.拼贴：把（各种各样的材料）粘贴在画面上，从而制作出一件艺术品〔metabolism〕The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. In metabolism some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized.新陈代谢：维持生命所必需的，发生于存活细胞中或生物体中的物理和化学过程的总和。在此过程中，一些物质被分解从而为生命过程提供能量，而另一些维持生命所必需的物质则被合成〔input〕The nouninput has been used as a technical term for about a century in fields such as physics and electrical engineering, but its recent popularity grows out of its use in computer science,where it refers to data or signals entered into a system for processing or transmission.In general discourseinput is now widely used to refer to the transmission of information and opinion, as inThe report questioned whether a President thus shielded had access to a sufficiently varied input to have a realistic picture of the nation or The nominee herself had no input on housing policy. In this last sentence the meaning of the term is uncertain:it may mean either that the nominee provided no opinions to the policymakersor that she received no information about housing policy.This vagueness in the nontechnical use ofinput may be one reason that some critics have objected to it (including, in an earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel). Though the usage is well established,care should be taken not to use the word merely as a way of pretending to a scientific precision unwarranted by the facts of the case.名词input 作为一个专业名词在象物理和电子工程领域已经被用了大约一个世纪， 但是它在计算机科学上的最新流行超出了原来的用法，在计算机科学上它指输入系统进行运行或传送的信息和信号。总的来说，input 广泛地用来指信息和观点的传送， 就象在报告怀疑这样保护起来的总统是否能获得接近足够多样信息的机会，从而有一幅这个国家的现实图景 或 被提名人自己没有关于房产政策的任何信息 。 在后一句中单词的定义是不确定的：它既可以指被提名人未向决策者提供任何建议，也可以指她未收到任何有关房产政策的信息。这种模糊在input 的非专业用法中有可能是一些批评家反对它（在一个早期调查中，其中包括大部分用法专题小组成员）的一个原因。 尽管这种用法已完全确立，用这个词时也应谨慎，不能把这个词仅仅用来伪装一种科学的精确性，而在这样的情况下，如此的精确性是不被事实所证明的〔metaphor〕Abbr. met.,metaph.A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in"a sea of troubles" or 缩写 met.,metaph.隐喻：一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之间的相似之处，如“忧愁之海” 或 |
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