| 单词 | 以下 |
| 释义 | 〔indecisive〕Prone to or characterized by indecision; irresolute:优柔寡断的, 不果断的：倾向于或以下不了决定为特征的；犹豫不决的：〔dolichocephalic〕Having a relatively long head with a cephalic index below 76.长头的：指头盖骨指数在76以下的〔centime〕A unit of currency in Algeria, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, France, Gabon, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Monaco, Morocco, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Switzerland, Togo, and Vanuatu. See table at currency 生丁：一种用于以下国家的货币单位：阿尔及利亚、比利时、贝宁、布基纳法索、布隆迪、喀麦隆、中非共和国、乍得、科摩罗、刚果、吉布提、法国、加蓬、海地、象牙海岸、列支敦士登、卢森堡、马达加斯加、马里、摩纳哥、摩洛哥、尼日尔、卢旺达、塞内加尔、瑞士、多哥及瓦努阿图 参见 currency〔farthingale〕A support, such as a hoop, worn beneath a skirt to extend it horizontally from the waist, used by European women in the 16th and 17th centuries.鲸骨衬箍：16和17世纪的欧洲妇女所用的一种穿在裙子里面，用来将裙子的自腰以下水平撑开的箍〔rathskeller〕A restaurant or tavern, usually below street level, that features the serving of beer.地下啤酒店：一种餐馆或饭店，通常在街面以下，以出售啤酒为特色〔pogonophoran〕Any of various wormlike marine invertebrates of the phylum Pogonophora that grow in upright chitin tubes, usually at depths greater than 100 meters (330 feet), have tentacles attached to the head region, and lack a digestive system.须腕动物：须腕门中的一种蠕虫状海生无脊椎动物，生长在直立的甲壳质管中，通常在100米(330英尺）以下的水中生活，有附于头部的须毛，而缺少消化器官〔canton〕A subdivision of an arrondissement in France.县：法国郡以下的一个行政区划〔subalpine〕Of, relating to, inhabiting, or growing in mountainous regions just below the timberline.亚高山带的：紧靠林木线以下之高山地带的，与这一地带有关的居住于亚高山地带的，生长于亚高山地带的〔cheek〕The fleshy part of either side of the face below the eye and between the nose and ear.颊：面的眼睛以下鼻子和耳朵之间两边有肉的部分〔superclass〕A taxonomic category of related organisms ranking below a phylum and above a class.总纲：一种生物分类的类别，包括门以下和纲以上的相关生物有机体〔boil〕Simmer denotes gentle cooking just at or below the boiling point ( Let the stock simmer for several hours); figuratively it refers to a state of gentle ferment ( Plans were simmering in his mind). Simmer 表示在沸点以下微煮( 让汤汁炖几个小时)； 它喻指蕴酿( 计划已在他心里蕴酿好了)。〔decathlon〕An athletic contest in which each contestant participates in the following ten track and field events: the 100-meter, 400-meter, and 1,500-meter runs; the 110-meter high hurdle; the discus and javelin throws; the shot-put; the pole vault; the high jump; and the long jump.田径十项全能运动：一种体育竞赛，每个参与竞技的运动员都要参加以下十项径赛和田赛项目：100米、400米和1500米跑；110米高栏；铁饼和标枪；铅球；撑杆跳；跳高；跳远〔X〕A movie rating that allows admission to no one under the age of 17.x级片：17岁以下的儿童不许观看的影片〔priest〕In many Christian churches, a member of the second grade of clergy ranking below a bishop but above a deacon and having authority to administer the sacraments.司铎，司祭，神甫，神父，牧师：在许多基督教教堂中，位于主教以下助祭以上的第二阶层的神职人员，并有权执行圣事〔bottomless〕Nude, especially unclothed below the waist:裸体：裸体，尤指腰部以下不穿衣服：〔basement〕The lowest habitable story of a building, usually below ground level.地下室：可居住的最低的建筑物楼层，通常在地平面以下〔orange〕Oranges imported to China from the United States reflect a journey come full circle,for the orange had worked its way westward for centuries, originating in China,then being introduced to India,and traveling on to the Middle East, into Europe,and finally to the New World.The history of the wordorange keeps step with this journey only part of the way. The word is possibly ultimately of Dravidian origin, that is, it comes from a language or languages in a large non-Indo-European family of languages,including Tamil and Telugu, that are spoken in southern India and northern Sri Lanka.The Dravidian word or words were adopted into the Indo-European language Sanskritwith the formnāraṅgaḥ. As the fruit passed westward,so did the word,as evidenced by Persiannārang and Arabic nāranj. Arabs brought the first oranges to Spain,and the fruit rapidly spread throughout Europe.The important word for the development of our term is Old Italianmelarancio, derived from mela, "fruit,” and arancio, "orange tree,” from Arabicnāranj. Old Italianmelarancio was translated into Old French as pume orenge, theo replacing the a because of the influence of the name of the town of Orange, from which oranges reached the northern part of France.The final stage of the odyssey of the word was its borrowing into English from the Old French formorenge. Our word is first recorded in Middle English in a text probably composed around 1380,a time preceding the arrival of the orange in the New World.从美国进口到中国的桔子恰恰反映出兜圈子似的行进里程，因为原产于中国的桔子几个世纪以来不断向西行进，先是被引入印度，之后传播到中东国家、欧洲，最后引进了新大陆，orange 这个词的发展历史只与桔子的发展历程在一部分时段上是有其同步性的， 它最可能是来源于达罗毗荼，也就是说，它来源于非印一欧语系中的一种或多种语言，包括用于印度南部和斯里兰卡北部的泰米尔语和泰卢固语。达罗毗荼语是以梵文形式引入印欧语系的，形式如narangch。 当这种水果向西传播时，这个单词也同样西传，从以下可得到明证，如波斯语中的narang 和阿拉伯语中的 naranj。 阿拉伯人把第一批桔子带到西班牙后，这种水果又迅速传遍整个欧洲。我们现时所用的这个词的发展期中重要的一词便是古意大利语melarancio ，源于 mela， “水果”及 arancio， “桔树”， 来源于阿拉伯语naranj。 古意大利语melarancio 翻译成古法语为 pume orenge， o 变换为 a 是因为受奥伦奇城名的影响， 桔子即由此地进入法国北部。这一单词长途跋涉的最后一站是它由古法语orenge 进入英语词汇。 我们所用的这一词汇最初载入中世纪英语是在大约1380年左右的一份文本当中，早于桔子进入新大陆的时间〔shirttail〕The part of a shirt that extends below the waist, especially in the back.衬衫下摆：衬衫延伸到腰部以下的部份，尤指在背部的那部份〔moonset〕The event or time of the disappearance of the moon below the western horizon.月落（时刻）：月亮落到地平线以下的事件或时刻〔bustle〕A bow, peplum, or gathering of material at the back of a woman's skirt below the waist.腰垫：女裙后面腰部以下的蝴蝶结、细腰窄裙或束在一起的布料〔decurrent〕Having the leaf base extending down the stem below the insertion:下延的：叶基延茎干向下伸展至插入物以下的：〔leave〕Leave alone is acceptable as a substitute for let alone in the sense "to refrain from disturbing or interfering.” The following examples were approved by a majority of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: Leave alone 在用作“防止干搅或干扰”这一意义时，可以替代 let alone 。 在早期进行的用法调查中，大多数人都认可以下的例句： 〔lay〕Lieis an intransitive verb and does not take an object.Lie and its principal parts ( lay, lain, lying ) are correctly used in the following examples: Lie是一不及物动词， 不接宾语。在以下的例句中，lie 和它的分词形式（ lay，lain，lying ）的用法是正确的： 〔hypodermal〕Lying below the epidermis.皮下的：位于真皮以下的〔leave〕In formal writingleave is not an acceptable substitute for let in the sense "to allow or permit.” Onlylet is acceptable in the following examples: 在正式的写作中，当表示“允许或许可”的意思时，不能用leave 来代替 let 。 在以下例句中，只有let 是正确的： 〔hypolimnion〕The layer of water in a thermally stratified lake that lies below the thermocline, is noncirculating, and remains perpetually cold.湖下层，湖底静水层：位于温跃层以下的有层温的湖的一层水，这一层水不循环，永远保持寒冷〔supercool〕To cool (a liquid) below a transition temperature without the transition occurring, especially to cool below the freezing point without solidification.使过冷：使（液体）冷却到转变温度以下而不发生转变，尤指使冷却到凝固点以下而不发生凝固〔fun〕The use offun as an attributive adjective, as ina fun time, a fun place, most likely originated in a playful reanalysis of the use of the word in sentencessuch asIt is fun to ski, wherefun behaves syntactically like an adjective such as amusing or swell. The usage became popular in the 1950's and 1960's, though there is some evidence to suggest that it has 19th-century antecedents.Certainly the sense of this word makes it particularly susceptible to jocular treatment.But as with other such reanalyses (for example, in the expressiona whole 'nother ), the usage appears to have persisted after the original flavor had been lost.Thus there is no intimation of humorous intent in a press release that announces: fun 作为定语形容词使用， 如一段愉快的时光，一个娱乐场所， 极有可能源于对此词在某些句中用法的玩笑性再分析，如滑雪真好玩 从句法功能来讲， fun 在这里的用法象 amusing 或 swell 之类的形容词。 尽管有证据表明19世纪就出现这种用法了，但开始变得流行却在19世纪50,60年代。当然，此词的这层含义尤令人怀疑对方是否在打趣。但正如其他这类再分析词（例如，在句子a whole 'nother 中一样）， 此用法在最初的含义都失去之后，还一直坚持使用下来。因此当报界发布以下消息时就从中找不出任何滑稽意味了： 〔Sitwell〕Family of British writers, including DameEdith Sitwell (1887-1964), whose experimental poetry is collected in volumes such as Clowns' Houses (1918) and Music and Ceremonies (1963). Her brother Sir Osbert (1892-1969) is known especially for his five-volume autobiography (1944-1950). Their younger brother Sacheverell (1897-1988) wrote several volumes of poetry, including Agamemnon's Tomb (1972). 西特韦尔：英国作家家族，包括艾迪斯·西特韦尔 (1887-1964年）爵士，她的实验性的诗歌收集在以下诗集里，例如 《小丑的房子》 （1918年）和 《音乐与仪式》 （1963年）。她的哥哥 奥斯伯特 爵士(1892-1969年），尤以他的三卷本自传(1944-1950年）最为著名。他们的弟弟 萨切维雷 (1897-1988年）写了许多诗集，包括 《阿加门农的坟墓》 （1972年） 〔all〕The constructionall that is used informally in questions and negative sentences to mean "to the degree expected,” as inI know it won an Oscar, but the film is not all that exciting. In an earlier survey, the Usage Panel rejected the use of this construction in formal writing. · Sentences of the formAll X's are not Y may be ambiguous. All of the departments did not file a report may mean that some departments did not file, or that none did. If the first meaning is intended,it can be unambiguously expressed by the sentenceNot all of the departments filed a report. If the second meaning is intended, a paraphrase such asNone of the departments filed a report or All of the departments failed to file a report can be used. Note that the same problem can arise with other universal terms likeevery in negated sentences, as in the ambiguousEvery department did not file a report. See Usage Note at every all that 这种句法作为非正式用语用于问句和否定句中，意思为“达到所期望的程度地”， 如我知道这部影片获了奥斯卡奖，但它并不那么激动人心 一句中。 在早先的一次调查中，用法使用小组不同意在正式书面语中用这一短语。All X's are not Y 类型的句子可能会造成歧义。 All of the departrnents did not file a report 可以指一些部门没有提出，也可以指没有一个部门提出。 如果指的是第一个意思，它可以通过以下这句话明确地表达出来，Not all of the departments file a report。 如果指的是第二个意思，如None of the departments file a report 或者 All of the departments failed to file a report 都可以把意思表达清楚。 注意这种情况在其他整体词如every 用在否定句时也会碰到， 如下面这个有歧义的句子Every department did not file a report 参见 every〔superfamily〕A taxonomic category of related organisms ranking below an order or its subdivisions and above a family.总科：一种生物分类的类别，包括目或其分支以下和科以上的相关物质有机体〔contact〕In 1966 Wilson Follett wrotethat "Persons old enough to have been repelled by the verbcontact . . . may as well make up their minds that there is no way to arrest or reverse the tide of its popularity.” His prophecy is proving correct:In 1969 only 34 percent of the Usage Panel accepted the use ofcontact as a verb, but in our most recent survey 65 percent of the Panel accepted the sentence 1966年威尔森·福莱特写道：“对contact 这个动词素有反感的年长者还不如趁早接受这一无法阻拦或逆转它日渐通用的趋势这个事实”。 他的预言证明是正确的，在1969年用法专题使用小组成员中只有34％的人接受将contact 作为动词的用法， 但在我们最近的调查中65％的用法小组成员接受以下句子： 〔cofferdam〕A watertight chamber attached to the side of a ship to facilitate repairs below the water line.潜箱：一种不漏水的容器，附着在船旁边以便在吃水线以下进行修理〔under〕Located or situated on a lower level or beneath something else:下面的：处于或置于一较低平面或…以下的：〔division〕A unit of the U.S. Air Force larger than a wing and smaller than an air force.航空兵分队：美国空军编制单位。在航空联队以上，航空队以下〔subfreezing〕Below freezing.冰点以下的，零摄氏度以下的〔burlesque〕A variety show characterized by broad ribald comedy, dancing, and striptease.粗俗的表演：各种以下流粗俗的喜剧、舞蹈和脱衣舞为特征的表演〔detachment〕Abbr. det.A permanent unit, usually smaller than a platoon, organized for special duties.缩写 det.支队：一个为特殊任务而组织排以下常备军单位〔hypoglossal〕Of or relating to the area under the tongue.舌下的：舌头以下地区的，或与之有关的〔quadriplegia〕Complete paralysis of the body from the neck down.四肢瘫痪：自颈部以下身体的完全瘫痪 |
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