| 单词 | 任何 |
| 释义 | 〔rise〕"the tall Lombardy poplar . . . towering high above all other trees" (W.H. Hudson). “高大的箭杆杨…超出任何其他树的高度” (W.H.哈得孙）。 〔light〕Electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength.光：任何波长的电磁辐射〔arraign〕"Johnson arraigned the modern politics of this country as entirely devoid of all principle"(James Boswell)“约翰逊谴责本国近代的政治完全缺乏任何原则”(詹姆斯·博斯韦尔)〔reach〕No one seems able to reach her anymore.看起来没有人能够再对她产生任何影响〔ray〕not a ray of hope left.不抱任何一丝希望〔greening〕Any of several varieties of green-skinned apples.绿皮苹果：绿皮苹果的任何变种〔everywhere〕In any or every place; in all places.See Usage Note at everyplace 到处：在任何或每个地方；在所有地方 参见 everyplace〔easy〕"the faculty . . . of reducing his thought on any subject to the simplest and plainest terms possible" (Baron Charnwood).“用最简单、最清楚的词语表达他对任何问题看法的才能” （拜伦·查伍德）。〔entomostracan〕Any of various small crustaceans formerly constituting the subclass Entomostraca.切甲类甲壳类动物：指任何原属于切甲亚纲的小型甲壳纲动物〔myself〕Like yourself, I have no apologies to make. 如同你自己一样，我不需作任何道歉， 〔vagrant〕Wandering from place to place and lacking any means of support.流浪的：从一个地方漂泊到另一个地方的，并且缺少任何方面的支持的〔beatitude〕Beatitude Any of the declarations of blessedness made by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount. Beatitude 八福词：基督登山训众时宣布的任何祝福〔gerrymander〕"An official statement of the returns of voters for senators give[s] twenty nine friends of peace, and eleven gerrymanders.”So reported the May 12, 1813, edition of theMassachusetts Spy. A gerrymander sounds like a strange political beast,which in fact it is, considered from a historical perspective.This beast was named by combining the wordsalamander, "a small lizardlike amphibian,” with the last name of Elbridge Gerry, a former governor of Massachusetts— a state noted for its varied, often colorful political fauna.Gerry (whose name, incidentally, was pronounced with a hardg, though gerrymander is now commonly pronounced with a soft g ) was immortalized in this way because an election district created by members of his party in 1812 looked like a salamander.According to one version of howgerrymander was coined, the shape of the district attracted the eye of the painter Gilbert Stuart,who noticed it on a map hanging in a newspaper editor's office.Stuart decorated the map with a head, wings, and clawsand then said to the editor, "That will do for a salamander!”"Gerrymander!” came the reply.A new political beast was created then and there.The word is first recorded in April 1812 with respect to the creature or its caricature,but it soon came to mean not only "the action of shaping a district to gain political advantage"but also "any representative elected from such a district by that method.”Within the same yeargerrymander was also recorded as a verb. “一份答复参议员选举人的官方声明宣布了二十九个和平伙伴和十一个不公正划分的选区。”在1813年3月12日的一期马萨诸塞州观察报 上有如上报导。 一个不公正划分选区听起来象是一个奇怪的政治怪兽，事实上它是来自历史上的观点。这个怪兽是由两个词合并而命名的，即salamander “一种蜥蜴状的两栖动物，”及马萨诸塞州州长埃尔布里奇·格里的姓。 而马萨诸萨州以其多变的、通常多姿多彩的政治动物群而闻名。格里（他的名字碰巧发重音g， 尽管 gerrymander 现在普遍发轻音 g， ）以此种方式而垂名史册， 因为1812年由他所在党成员组建的选举区就象一只蝾螈。根据一种gerrymander 如何被创造的观点， 该区的形状吸引了一位画家基尔伯特·斯图亚特，他在一家报纸的主编办公室里挂在墙上的地图中发现了它。斯图尔特又画上头、翅膀和爪子，然后对主编说，“那就象只蝾螈了！”"Gerrymander！”主编回答道。此时此地一个新的政治怪兽产生了。这个词于1812年4月首次被记录是在谈到这种牲畜或讽刺的画中，但很快，它就不仅意味“为赢得政治优势的改变区划的行动”，而且有“用此种方法选出的任何代表”的意思。同年gerrymander 也被作为一个动词而记载下来 〔miscible〕That can be mixed in all proportions. Used of liquids.可混溶的：可以以任何比例混合的，用于液体〔nothing〕In no way or degree; not at all:一点也不：在任何方面或程度上都不；决不：〔roadless〕Forbidden by law to contain or be crossed by any roads or to be entered by any vehicles:法律禁止筑路或禁止任何车辆进入的：〔Lipizzan〕Any of a breed of sturdy, compact horses developed from Spanish, Italian, Danish and Arab stock that are born black or dark brown and gradually turn white by the time they are five to eight years of age. They are bred and trained at the Spanish Riding School in Vienna.利皮札马：任何由西班牙、意大利、丹麦及阿拉伯血统繁殖出的健康结实的马种，出生时为黑色或深棕色，五到八岁时逐渐变为白色。这些马都在维也纳的西班牙马术学校被饲养及训练〔adamant〕from Latin adamās adamant- [hard steel, diamond, anything inflexible] 源自 拉丁语 adamās adamant- [硬钢，金刚石，任何坚硬的物品] 〔fetoprotein〕Any of several antigens normally present in a fetus and occurring abnormally in adults as a result of certain neoplastic conditions or diseases of the liver.胎蛋白：正常情况下存在于胎儿体内的任何抗原，若存在于成人体内则会由于某种赘生物或肝病而造成体内有不正常的反应〔quicksand〕A bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure and tends to engulf any object resting on its surface.流沙：一种由松散的沙子和水混合成的沙层，形成一堆松软、移动的物质，在压力下很容易塌陷，并可吞没置留在沙面上的任何物质〔threshold〕A point separating conditions that will produce a given effect from conditions of a higher or lower degree that will not produce the effect, as the intensity below which a stimulus is of sufficient strength to produce sensation or elicit a response:上限，下限，阀值：一个正好能产生特定效应的界限，比其高或低均不能产生任何效应。如低于足够产生感觉或反应的刺激强度：〔peracid〕Any of various acids containing the peroxy group.高…酸：任何含氧基的酸〔scorch〕To destroy by or as if by fire (all land and buildings in one's path) so as to leave nothing salvageable to an enemy army.使成焦土：用火或者似用火毁坏（某一路线上的所有土地和建筑）以不给敌军留下任何可利用的东西〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔wolf〕Any of various similar or related mammals, such as the hyena.类似狼的动物：任何相似的或相关的哺乳动物的一种，如狼狗〔profane〕"I was shocked that you would reproduce this painting since, for Muslims, it is sacrilegious to paint or depict any holy person" (Mohammed Busheri).“你居然要复制这幅画真让我吃惊，因为对穆斯林来说，描绘或描述任何圣人都是亵渎的行为” （穆哈默德·布舍里）〔showcase〕In these last two usages the verb no longer has any connection to the idea of a showcase,nor does it retain any hint of its theatrical character.The development of the verb nicely exemplifies the process whereby metaphors are eviscerated after death.这最后两种动词用法和陈列柜的意思没任何联系，它也没有保留任何有关戏剧特征的暗示。这个动词的发展很好地展示了隐喻消亡之后靠什么除去其精髓的过程〔precipitation〕Any form of water, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the earth's surface.降水：暴雨、雪、冻雪或冰雹降落到地表的任何形式的水〔echo〕One might think that our wordecho is from the name of the nymph Echo, whom Greek mythology associates with echoes.According to one version of her story,she was torn to pieces by shepherds driven to this act by the god Pan, who was hopelessly in love with her.Pieces of Echo hidden in the ground still respond to Pan's frenzied cries,producing the phenomena known as echoes.A second version of her tale has it that Echo, as a penalty for distracting Hera from observing Zeus's infidelities, lost all power of speech,except the ability to reply.This defect lost her the love of Narcissus,which caused Echo to pine away until only her voice was left.The hapless nymph, however, cannot even claim credit for echoesbecause the Greek wordēkhō, the source of Englishecho, existed with our common noun sense before any mention of Echo is found.Our wordecho is first recorded in Middle English in a work composed in 1340. 您可能想到echo 这个词来自仙女埃科的名字， 她在希腊神话中与回声有关。关于她的故事，有一种说法认为，神潘爱她无望，便指使牧羊狗将她撕成碎片。她的碎片藏在地下时仍在回答潘的疯狂叫喊，于是产生了回声。另一种说法是，埃科使得赫拉察觉不到宙斯的不忠，作为惩罚被剥夺了说话的能力，只能重复别人的话。这个缺陷使她失去了纳西色斯的爱情，于是埃科不断憔悴消损，最后只留下她的声音。可惜的是这位不幸的女神并不能因为制造了回声这个词而居功，因为希腊语ekho ， 即英语中echo 的来源， 早在任何关于埃科的故事之前就存在了。我们现在的词echo 最早是在1340年出现于中世纪英文作品中 〔loblolly〕Loblolly is a combination of lob, probably an onomatopoeia for the thick, heavy bubbling of cooking porridge, and lolly, an old British dialect word for "broth, soup, or any other food boiled in a pot.” Thus, loblolly originally denoted thick porridge or gruel, especially that eaten by sailors on board ship. In the southern United States, the word is used to mean "a mudhole; a mire,” a sense derived from an allusion to the consistency of porridge. The name loblolly has become associated with several varieties of trees as well, all of which favor wet bottomlands or swamps in the Gulf and South Atlantic states. Lobolly 是 lob ，可能是模仿熬粥时沉重的冒泡声，和意为“锅里煮着的清汤、浓汤或其他任何食物”的古英语方言 lolly 的结合。这样， loblolly 本来表示稠粥或稀粥，尤指船上水手们所喝的粥。在美国南部，这个词用于表示“泥坑；泥沼”，这个含义是以粥的浓稠性这一暗示而来。 loblolly 这一名称也与几种树木有关，这些树都适于生长在墨西哥湾及南大西洋各州的潮湿洼地或沼泽里 〔attribute〕"A person thus prepared will be able to refer any particular history he takes up to its proper place in universal history" (Joseph Priestley).See also Synonyms at quality ,symbol “经过这种准备的人，可以在历史长河中，归属于任何他从事合适位置的特定历史阶段” （约瑟夫·普利斯特莱）。 参见同义词 quality,symbol〔rook〕A chess piece that may move in a straight line over any number of empty squares in a rank or file. Also called castle 国际象棋中的车：可以在棋盘横格或竖格中直线移动越过任何空方格的棋子 也作 castle〔room〕no margin for error;不允许出任何差错；〔niblick〕An iron-headed golf club with the face slanted at a greater angle than any other iron except a wedge; a nine iron.铁头高尔夫球棍：一种铁头的高尔夫球棍，有比除了楔子以外任何铁器倾斜度更大的斜面；九号球杆〔never〕Not ever; on no occasion; at no time:从未：从未；不在任何场合；未曾：〔actinide〕Any of a series of chemically similar, radioactive elements with atomic numbers ranging from 89 (actinium) through 103 (lawrencium).锕类：任何化学性质相似，原子序数在89（锕）与103（铹）之间变化的放射性元素〔band〕Any of the distinct grooves on a long-playing phonograph record that contains an individual selection or a separate section of a whole.凹槽：慢速照片上任何清晰的纹路，该照片包含个别选择或整体中一部分〔horehound〕Any of similar or related plants, such as the black horehound.唇形科植物：任何与夏至草相似或相关的植物，例如黑夏至草〔motor〕A device that converts any form of energy into mechanical energy, especially an internal-combustion engine or an arrangement of coils and magnets that converts electric current into mechanical power.电动机马达：能把任何形式的能量转换机械能的一种装置，尤指内燃型发动机或一组能把电流转化为机械动力的线圈和磁铁〔root〕Any of various other underground plant parts, especially an underground stem such as a rhizome, corm, or tuber.地下茎，根茎，块茎：任何其它植物的地下部分，尤指根茎、球茎或块茎等地下茎 |
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