| 单词 | 任何一 |
| 释义 | 〔whatever〕Bothwhatever and what ever can be used in sentences such as Whatever (or What ever ) made her say that? Critics have occasionally objected to the one-word form,but it is supported by extensive precedent in reputable writing.The same is true of the formswhoever, whenever, wherever, and however when these expressions are used similarly. In adjectival uses only the one-word form is used:Take whatever (not what ever ) books you need. ? When a clause beginning withwhatever is the subject of a sentence, no comma should be used: Whatever you do is right. Otherwise, a comma may be used:Whatever you do, don't burn the toast. ? When the phrase preceding a restrictive clause is introduced bywhichever or whatever, that should not be used in formal writing. It is regarded as incorrect to writewhatever book that you want to look at; one should write insteadWhatever book you want to look at will be sent to your office or Whichever book costs less (not that costs less ) is fine with us. See Usage Note at however ,that whatever 和 what ever 这两个词都可用在例如 Whatever （或 What ever ) made her say that?（究竟是什么使得她说那样的话?） 这样的句子里。 批评家们经常反对单一词形，但有声望作品的大量先例却支持了单词形式。同样地，当whoever, whenever, wherever 及 however 这些表述被用于类似情况时，其情形也是如此。 用作定语时只用单词形式：Take whatever （不是 what ever ） books you need。（拿那些你要的书） ？ whatever 为句首的从句作句子主语时，不能用逗号： Whatever you do is right（无论你做什么都是对的）。 在其他情况可以用逗号：Whatever you do, don't burn the toast（不管你做什么，不要烤糊了吐司） ? 当先于一限定性从句的短语是由whichever 或 whatever引入时， that不能用在正式文体中。 这样的句子：whatever book that you want to look at（无论哪本你想看的书） 是被看作不正确的； 相反应该是Whatever book you want to look at will be sent to your office（你想看的任何一本书都将会送到你的办公室去） 或者 Whichever book costs less （不是 that costs less ) is fine with us（花费少一些的书比较适合我们） 参见 however,that〔rotavirus〕Any of a group of wheel-shaped, RNA-contained viruses that cause gastroenteritis, especially in infants and newborn animals.轮状病毒：任何一组含核糖核酸的轮状病毒，尤其会导致婴儿或新生畜患胃肠炎〔quarter〕Either side of a horse's hoof.马蹄的任何一侧〔veneer〕Any of the thin layers glued together to make plywood.薄木片：粘在一起制成胶合板的任何一层薄木板〔independent〕Often Independent One that is independent, especially a voter, an officeholder, or a political candidate who is not committed to a political party. 常作 Independent 无党派人士，独立人士：独立的人士，特指不属于任何一政治党派的选民、公职人员或政治候选人〔actinomorphic〕Of or relating to a flower that can be divided into equal halves along any diameter, such as the flowers of the rose or tulip.放射状的：属于或关于沿任何一条直径可以均分为二的花的，如玫瑰或郁金香的花〔anyone〕The one-word formanyone is used to mean "any person.” The two-word formany one is used to mean "whatever one (person or thing) of a group.” Anyone may join means that admission is open to everybody. Any one may join means that admission is open to one person only. When followed byof, only any one can be used: Any one (not anyone ) of the boys could carry it by himself. · Anyone is often used in place of everyone in sentences like She is the most thrifty person of anyone I know. In an earlier survey 64 percent of the Usage Panel found this sentence unacceptable in writing. ·Anyone and anybody are singular terms and always take a singular verb. See Usage Note at he 1单个词的形式anyone 用来表示“任何一人”。 两个词的形式any one 是指“一组里的任何一个（人或物）”。 Anyone may join 是指每个人都可进入。 Any one may join 意思是只有一个人可以进入。 当后面接of 时，只能用 any one ： Any one （不用 anyone ） of the boys could carry it by himself（任何一个孩子都可以提得动它） 。 Anyone 在有些句子里常取代 everyone ，如： 她是我认识的人中最节俭的 。 在早期的一次调查中，用法使用小组64%的成员认为该句子在书面语中不能接受。Anyone 和 anybody 是单数形式的名词，总搭配单数动词。 参见 he1〔raphide〕One of a bundle of needlelike crystals of calcium oxalate occurring in many plant cells.酒椰叶纤维：出现在酒椰叶上的针状透明体群中的任何一枝，常出现于多种植物上〔Igorot〕A member of any of several peoples of the mountains of northern Luzon in the Philippines.伊哥洛人：菲律宾群岛、吕宋岛北部山区几个民族中的任何一成员〔oxime〕Any of a group of compounds containing a CNOH group, formed by treating aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine.肟：任何一类含有CNOH组的合成物，主要由羟胺与醛或酮作用形成的〔American〕Of or relating to any of the Native American peoples.美洲印地安人的：美国任何一支土著民族的或与其有关的〔feldspar〕Any of a group of abundant rock-forming minerals occurring principally in igneous, plutonic, and some metamorphic rocks, and consisting of silicates of aluminum with potassium, sodium, calcium, and, rarely, barium. About 60 percent of the earth's outer crust is composed of feldspar.长石：任何一组由大量岩石形成的矿物，主要存在于火成岩、深成岩以及一些变性的岩石中，含有钾、钠、钙及极少的钡的铝硅酸盐，地球的外层地壳中约百分之六十是长石〔any〕Used as a pronoun,any can take either a singular or plural verb, depending on how it is construed:Any of these books is suitable (that is, any one ). But are any (that is, some ) of them available? · The constructionof any is often used in informal contexts to mean "of all,” as inHe is the best known of any living playwright. In an earlier survey this example was unacceptable in writing to 67 percent of the Usage Panel. ·Any is also used to mean "at all" before a comparative adjective or adverb in questions and negative sentences: 用作介词的any 既可接单数动词又可接复数动词， 这取决于怎样翻译：Any of these books is suitable?（这些书的任一本都合适） （这里是指 any one（任何一本） ）。 But are any（但是他们中） （意指 some（任何一些） ） of them available（任何一些都合适吗）？ of any（任一的） 这个结构经常用于非正式语境中来表示“所有的”的意思， 如在句子他是在世剧作家中最著名的一位。 在早期的调查中67%的用法使用小组成员，认为这个例子作为书面语不能被接受。Any 也用于比较级形容词或副词前表示“全然，压根儿”，这一用法适用于疑问句和否定句中： 〔blemish〕"Industry in art is a necessity—not a virtue—and any evidence of the same, in the production, is a blemish" (James McNeill Whistler). “在艺术中勤奋是必须的——而不是什么优点——但作品中任何一点相似之处都是缺点” （詹姆斯·麦尼尔·惠斯勒） 。〔neuter〕Taking no side; neutral.中立的：不站在任何一边的；中立的〔endpoint〕Either of two points marking the end of a line segment.端点：标记一条线段两端的两点中的任何一点〔function〕A variable so related to another that for each value assumed by one there is a value determined for the other.应变量，函数：一个与他量有关联的变量，这一量中的任何一值都能在他量中找到对应的固定值〔fermentation〕Any of a group of chemical reactions induced by living or nonliving ferments that split complex organic compounds into relatively simple substances, especially the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast.发酵：由将复杂的有机化合物分解为相对简单的物质的生物酶，或非生物酶引起的任何一组化学反应，尤其是由酵母菌引起的从糖到二氧化碳和氢氧化物的厌氧微生物转化〔flock〕 Flock is applied to a congregation of animals of one kind, especially sheep or goats herded by human beings,and to any congregation of wild or domesticated birds, especially when on the ground.It is also applicable to people who form the membership of a church or to people under someone's care or supervision. Flock 适用于尤指由人类放养的绵羊或山羊等一群同类的牲畜，还适用于任何一群在地面上活动的野生的或家养的禽类动物，也适用于组成同一教派的成员们或受某人管理或监督的一些人。〔weathering〕Any of the chemical or mechanical processes by which rocks exposed to the weather undergo changes in character and break down.侵蚀，风化，风蚀：受日晒雨淋的岩石发生特征的变化甚至崩溃的过程中的任何一化学或物理变化〔mitomycin〕Any of a group of antibiotics produced by the soil actinomyceteStreptomyces caespitosus that inhibit DNA synthesis and are used against bacteria and cancerous tumor cells. 自力霉素：任何一组由土壤放线菌类尖状链菌霉 产生的抗生物质，它抑制脱氧核糖核酸形成，用来抗菌及抗癌症肿瘤细胞 〔cytochrome〕Any of a class of iron-containing proteins important in cell respiration as catalysts of oxidation-reduction reactions.胞色细胞：任何一类含铁的蛋白质，在细胞呼吸中作氧化反应重要的催化剂〔olefin〕Any of a class of unsaturated open-chain hydrocarbons such as ethylene, having the general formula CnH 2 n; an alkene with only one carbon-carbon double bond. 烯烃：任何一类不饱和的开链碳氢化合物，如乙烯，总分子式为CnH 2 n；仅有一个碳—碳双链的链烯 〔sura〕Any of the 114 chapters or sections of the Koran.古兰经114章或其中的任何一章或一图〔multiplet〕Any of several classes or groupings of subatomic particles, such as the nucleon, that are similar in most properties but different in electric charge.多重态：亚原子粒子（如核子）的任何一类或一组，这种粒子大部分性质相似而电荷不同〔node〕Either of two diametrically opposite points at which the orbit of a planet intersects the ecliptic.交点：行星的轨道与黄道相交的完全相对的两点中任何一点〔spireme〕Any of these filaments.上述这些细丝中任何一根〔matter〕"Yet there isn't a train I wouldn't take,/No matter where it's going"(Edna St. Vincent Millay)“可我会踏上任何一辆火车，不管它去哪里”(埃德娜·圣文森特·米莱)〔trestletree〕One of a pair of horizontal beams set into a masthead to support the crosstrees.桅杆纵桁：两根插入桅顶的水平梁子中的任何一根，用于支撑桅杆横顶〔side〕Either of the two surfaces of a flat object:面：一扁平物体的两面中的任何一面：〔tome〕One of the books in a work of several volumes.册，分卷：几卷的作品中的任何一册书〔umpire〕The anguished, hostile cry "Kill the ump" could have been "kill the nump" had it not been for the linguistic process known as false splitting or juncture loss.In the case ofumpire we can almost see the process in action if we study the Middle English Dictionary entry for noumpere, the Middle English ancestor of our word. Noumpere comes from the Old French nonper, made up ofnon, "not,” and per, "equal,” as is someone who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people; that is, the arbiter is not paired with one of them.In Middle English the earliest recorded form isnoumper (about 1350). The earliest dated form without ann in the entry is owmpere ( a Middle English variant spelling),in a text composed in 1440.How then was lost can be seen if we compare the sequence a noounpier in a text written in 1426-1427 with the sequence an Oumper from a text written probably around 1475. Then of noumpere became attached to the indefinite article, giving usan instead of a and, eventually,umpire instead of .numpire. 要不是因为被称为假分裂或失去连音的语言学过程，"Kill the ump"（杀掉裁判）这样痛苦，仇恨的呐喊可能会成为"kill the nmup"。在umpire 这一例子中，如果我们研究一下 中古英语词典 中 noumpere 这一词条，即该词在中古英语中的原型，便会了解这一语言学现象的过程。 Noumpere 来自于古法语 nonper， 由non, “不”，和 per, “平等的”组成，表示一个应要求就两人之间的争议做出仲裁的人； 也就是说，不与任何一人合作的公断人。中古英语的最先记录形式是noumper （约1350年）。 词条中没有n 的最早形式是 owmpere ( 中古英语的变体拼写），出现于1440年所做的一篇文章。通过比较两个顺序可以看出n 是我们被省略的：一个是 a noounpier ，出现于写于1426年至1427年间的一篇文章；另一个是 an Oumper 摘自可能写于1475年的文章。 noumpere 中的 n 变得和不定冠词连在一起， 成为an 而非 n ， 最后就出现了umpire 而不是 ·numpire 〔cleavage〕Any single cell division in such a series.细胞分裂：这种一组分裂中的任何一次简单细胞分裂〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔Iroquois〕A member of this confederacy or of any of its peoples.易洛魁成员：这个邦联的成员或其中任何一族的成员〔acid〕Any of a large class of sour-tasting substances whose aqueous solutions are capable of turning blue litmus indicators red, of reacting with and dissolving certain metals to form salts, and of reacting with bases or alkalis to form salts.酸：任何一类酸性的物质，它的水溶液可以使蓝色石蕊试纸变红，与金属反应或溶解金属时可形成盐，和碱反应亦可形成盐〔amorphous〕Of no particular type; anomalous.难以归类的：不属于任何一类的；奇怪的〔mannan〕Any of a group of plant polysaccharides that are polymers of mannose.甘露聚糖：任何一组属于甘露糖聚合物的植物聚糖〔cytomegalovirus〕Any of a group of herpes viruses that attack and enlarge epithelial cells. Such viruses also cause a disease of infants characterized by circulatory dysfunction and microcephaly.细胞巨化病毒：任何一组侵袭上皮细胞并使其变大的疱疹病毒。这样的病毒也会引起一种儿科病，特征是循环性机能不良和畸形小头〔ferrite〕Any of a group of nonmetallic, ceramiclike, usually ferromagnetic compounds of ferric oxide with other oxides, especially such a compound characterized by extremely high electrical resistivity and used in computer memory elements, permanent magnets, and various solid-state devices. Also called ferrate 铁酸盐：任何一组象陶瓷的非金属元素且通常为三氧化二铁和其它氧化物的铁磁化合物，尤指用于计算机存储元件、永久性磁铁及各种固态元件中以极高的电阻力为特点的此种化合物 也作 ferrate |
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