| 单词 | 伊拉克 |
| 释义 | 〔Sumer〕An ancient country of southern Mesopotamia in present-day southern Iraq. Archaeological evidence dates the beginnings of Sumer to the fifth millenniumb.c. By 3000 a flourishing civilization existed, which gradually exerted power over the surrounding area and culminated in the Akkadian dynasty founded (c. 2340) by Sargon I. Sumer declined after 2000 and was later absorbed by Babylonia and Assyria. The Sumerians are believed to have invented the cuneiform system of writing. 苏美尔：美索不达米亚平南部一古国，位于今伊拉克南部。据考古学的证据显示，苏美尔的建立可追溯到公元前 五千年，到公元前3000年，就已出现了繁荣的文明，它逐渐地影响并控制了周围的地区，到萨尔贡世建立的古阿卡德王朝时（前2340年）、文明达到顶峰的公元前2000年前后，苏美尔开始衰落，后来被巴比伦和亚述吞并，人们相信苏美尔人发明了象形文字 〔Baathist〕A member of a pan-Arab socialist political party active principally in Syria and Iraq.巴提党员，叙利亚社会党党员：主要活跃于叙利亚和伊拉克的泛阿拉伯社会主义政党中一员〔mousseline〕A fine sheer fabric resembling muslin, originally made in Mosul, Iraq.真丝薄绸：一种精致的、类似麦斯林沙的薄织物，最初由伊拉克的摩苏尔地区制造〔Ahvaz〕A city of southwest Iran north-northeast of Basra, Iraq. Modern Ahvaz was built on extensive ruins of an ancient Persian city. Population, 471,000.阿瓦士：伊朗西南部城市，位于伊拉克巴斯拉市的东北部偏北。现代的阿瓦士是在一座古代波斯城的大片废墟上建立起来的。人口471,000〔fils〕A unit of currency in Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. See table at currency 菲尔斯：一种货币单位，用于巴林、伊拉克、约旦、科威特、阿拉伯联合酋长国和也门 参见 currency〔Arabic〕A Semitic language consisting of numerous dialects that is the principal language of Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt, and parts of northern Africa.阿位伯语：由许多方言组成的闪族语，是阿拉伯半岛、约旦、叙利亚、伊拉克、黎巴嫩、埃及及北非部分地区的主要语言〔Abadan〕A city of southwest Iran onAbadan Island in the delta of the Shatt al Arab at the head of the Persian Gulf. The city's oil installations were heavily damaged in 1980 during the war with Iraq. Population, 296,081. 阿巴丹：伊朗西南部一城市，位于阿巴丹岛 上，在波斯湾上部沙特阿拉伯三角洲地带。这个城市的炼油厂在1980年和与伊拉克的战争中遭到严重破坏。人口296,081 〔Baghdad〕The capital and largest city of Iraq, in the center of the country on the Tigris River. Founded in the eighth century, it became a large and powerful city whose greatness is reflected in theArabian Nights. Population, 2,200,000. 巴格达：伊拉克的首都及最大的城市，位于该国中部，底格里斯河沿岸。建于8世纪，并成为一个富强盛大的城市，这在《一千零一夜》 书中可反映出。人口2,200,000 〔Karkheh〕A river, about 563 km (350 mi) long, of western Iran and southeast Iraq flowing southwest to marshlands bordering the Tigris River.卡尔黑河：伊朗西部和伊拉克东南部一条河流，大约长563公里（350英里），向西南流入与底格里斯河接壤的沼泽地〔Kufic〕After Al Kufa , a town of south-central Iraq 源自阿尔 库法 ，伊拉克中南部一镇 〔Mosul〕A city of northern Iraq on the Tigris River north-northwest of Baghdad. An important center on the historical caravan route across northern Mesopotamia, it became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. Mosul was awarded to Iraq by the League of Nations in 1925. Population, 570,926.摩苏尔：伊拉克北部一城市，位于巴格达西北偏北的底格里斯河沿岸，是历史上穿越美索不达米亚北部的商队路线上的一个重要中心，16世纪成为奥斯曼帝国的一部分，在1925年被国际联盟判给伊拉克。人口570,926〔Tigris〕A river of southwest Asia rising in eastern Turkey and flowing about 1,850 km (1,150 mi) southeast through Iraq to the Euphrates River. It was a major transportation route in ancient times.底格里斯河：亚洲西南部一条发源于土耳其东部的流程约1,850公里(1,150英里）的河流，向东南方向贯穿伊拉克汇入幼发拉底河，在古代是一条重要的运输线〔Ctesiphon〕An ancient city of central Iraq on the Tigris River southeast of Baghdad. As the residence of Parthian kings it was renowned for its splendor. The Arabs captured and plundered the city in 637.泰西封：伊拉克中部的一个古城，位于底格里斯河沿岸，巴格达东南部。作为帕提亚国王们的王宫，它以其辉煌灿烂而闻名。阿拉伯人于637年攻陷并劫掠了该城〔Karbala〕A city of central Iraq south-southwest of Baghdad. It is a pilgrimage site for Shiite Moslems. Population, 184,574.卡尔巴拉：伊拉克中部一城市，位于巴格达西南偏南。该市为伊斯兰教什叶派的圣地。人口184,574〔Mandean〕A member of a Gnostic sect originating in Jordan and still existing in Iraq.曼达派成员：源于约旦现仍存在于伊拉克的诺斯替派成员〔Basra〕A city of southeast Iraq on the Shatt al Arab near the Persian Gulf. It is the only port in the country. Population, 616,700.巴士拉：伊拉克东南部一城市，位于波斯湾附近的阿拉伯河。它是该国的唯一港口。人口616,700〔Nineveh〕An ancient city of Assyria on the Tigris River opposite the site of present-day Mosul, Iraq. As capital of the Assyrian Empire, it enjoyed great influence and prosperity, especially under Sennacherib and Ashurbanipal (seventh centuryb.c. ). The city was captured and destroyed by Babylonia and its allies in 612 b.c. 尼尼微：亚述帝国的一座古城，位于底格里斯河沿岸，与今天伊拉克境内的摩苏尔城相结。曾为亚述帝国的首都，在当时影响极大且极其兴盛，尤其是在西拿基立和阿叔巴尼帕统治时期(公元前 7世纪）。该城在 公元前 612年被巴比伦尼亚及其盟国占领并毁坏 〔Iraqi〕Of or relating to Iraq or its people, language, or culture.伊拉克的：伊拉克的，伊拉克人的，伊拉克语的，或伊拉克文化的〔Nimrud〕An ancient city of Assyria south of present-day Mosul, Iraq.尼姆罗德：亚述的一座古城，在今伊拉克境内摩苏尔的南部〔tabby〕after al-'Attābīya , a suburb of Baghdad, Iraq 源自 艾尔·艾塔比亚 ，伊拉克巴格达的一个郊区 〔Karun〕A river of western Iran flowing about 724 km (450 mi) west and south into the Shatt al Arab on the Iraq border.卡伦河：伊朗西部一条河流，流程约724公里（450英里），先向西后向南流入与伊拉克接壤的沙特阿拉伯〔Ur〕A city of ancient Sumer in southern Mesopotamia on a site in present-day southeast Iraq. One of the oldest cities in Mesopotamia, it was an important center of Sumerian culture after c. 3000b.c. and the birthplace of Abraham. The city declined after the sixth century b.c. 乌尔，迦迪斯的吾珥：古代美索不达米亚南部苏美尔的城市，遗址在现今伊拉克的东西部。是美索不达米亚最古老的城市之一。在公元前 3000年左右是苏美人文化的重要中心，是阿伯拉罕的出生地。在 公元前 6世纪后衰败 〔Samarra〕A city of north-central Iraq on the Tigris River north-northwest of Baghdad. It was the capital of the Abbasside dynasty in the ninth century and is today a pilgrimage center for Shiite Moslems. Population, 24,746.撒马拉：伊拉克中北部一城市，位于巴格达西北偏北部的底格里斯河畔。曾是9世纪阿拔斯王朝首都，现在是什叶派穆斯林朝圣地。人口24,746〔Kirkuk〕A city of northeast Iraq southeast of Mosul. Built on the site of a settlement dating to 3000b.c. , it is an agricultural market in an oil-producing region. Population, 207,900. 基尔库克：伊拉克东北部摩苏尔东南一城市。早在公元前 3000年就有村落在这里建造。它是产石油地区的一个农业市场。人口207,900 〔Iraqi〕The modern dialect of Arabic spoken in Iraq.伊拉克所用的阿拉伯语现代方言〔Kurdistan〕An extensive plateau region of southwest Asia. Since the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, it has been divided among southeast Turkey, northeast Iraq, and northwest Iran, with smaller sections in Syria and the U.S.S.R.库尔德斯坦：亚洲西南部一块宽阔的高原地区。一战后，随着奥斯曼帝国的解体，这块地区已被分成土耳其东南部、伊拉克东北部、伊朗西北部、以及叙利亚和苏联的几个小块地区〔Iraqi〕A native or inhabitant of Iraq.伊拉克人；伊拉克居民〔muslin〕from Mussolo [Mosul, Iraq] 源自 摩索罗 [摩苏尔市，伊拉克] 〔Mesopotamia〕An ancient region of southwest Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq. Probably settled before 5000b.c. , the area was the home of numerous early civilizations, including Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, and Assyria. It declined in importance after Mongol invaders destroyed its extensive irrigation system in a.d. 1258. 美索不达米亚：古代西南亚介于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个地区，位于现在的伊拉克境内。可能在公元前 5000年以前就开始有人在此定居。这一地区孕育了众多的人类早期文明，其中包括苏美尔文明、阿卡德文明、巴比伦文明和亚述文明。蒙古侵略者在 公元 1258年破坏了该地区发达的灌溉系统之后，这一地区的重要性就此减小 〔Arbela〕An ancient town of Assyria in present-day northern Iraq. Its name is sometimes given to the battle fought at Gaugamela, about 97 km (60 mi) away, in which Alexander the Great defeated Darius III in 331b.c. 埃尔比勒：位于现在伊拉克北部的亚述古城。有时此名用于高加梅拉战役，该城距此约97公里(60英里），亚历山大在此击败了大流士三世于公元前 331年 〔Hussein〕Iraqi military and political leader. The president of Iraq since 1979, he waged war against Iran over a territorial dispute (1980-1988) and invaded and occupied Kuwait (1990).侯赛因，萨达姆：(生于 1937) 伊拉克军事和政治领袖。自1979年以来任伊拉克总统，1980-1988年由于领土争端与伊朗长期交战，1990年入侵并占领了科威特〔Irbil〕A city of northern Iraq north of Baghdad. Built on the site of ancient Arbela, it is a trade center. Population, 333,903.伊尔比尔：伊拉克北部城市，在巴格达以北，建于古城阿尔贝拉的遗址，是一个贸易中心。人口333,903〔Euphrates〕A river of southwest Asia flowing about 2,735 km (1,700 mi) from central Turkey through Syria and into Iraq, where it joins the Tigris River to form the Shatt al Arab. Its waters were a major source of irrigation for the flourishing civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia.幼发拉底河：西南亚的一条河流，流程约为2,735公里（1,700英里），它发源于土耳其中部，流经叙利亚，在伊拉克境内与底格里斯河汇合形成了阿拉伯河。它的流域是古代美索不达米亚文明繁荣的重要发祥地〔dinar〕A basic unit of currency in Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Tunisia, Yemen, and Yugoslavia; a unit of currency in Iran. See table at currency 第纳尔：阿尔及利亚、巴林、伊拉克、约旦、科威特、利比亚、突尼斯、也门和南斯拉夫的一种基本货币单位；伊朗的货币单位 参见 currency〔Arbil〕A city of northern Iraq north of Baghdad. Built on the site of ancient Arbela, it is a trade center. Population, 864,900阿比尔：伊拉克北部城市，位于巴格达以北。建于古埃尔比勒遗址上，现为贸易中心。人口864,900〔Kish〕An ancient city of Mesopotamia in the Euphrates River valley of present-day central Iraq. Its extensive ruins have yielded valuable archaeological evidence about Sumerian culture.启什：美索不达米亚的古代城市，位于今天伊拉克中部幼发拉底河流域。其众多的遗迹成为关于苏美尔人文明的有价值的考古学证据〔Calah〕An ancient city of Assyria on the Tigris River south of present-day Mosul, Iraq. It was probably built in the 13th centuryb.c. 卡拉哈：阿赛里亚的一座古代城市，位于今日伊拉克摩苏尔南部的底格里斯河边。可能建成于公元前 13世纪 |
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