| 单词 | 传给 |
| 释义 | 〔Neuss〕A city of west-central Germany across the Rhine River from Düsseldorf. Built on the site of a Roman camp, it was chartered in the 12th century and held by France from 1794 to 1815, when it passed to Prussia. Population, 143,762.诺伊斯：德国中西部，隔着莱茵河与迪塞尔多夫相望的城市，由罗马军营建起。12世纪时法国给予其特权并从1794年-1815年对其进行控制，后传给普鲁士。人口143,762〔Amati〕Italian violin maker who taught his craft to Stradivari and Guarneri.阿马蒂，尼科罗：(1596-1684) 意大利小提琴制作家，他把技艺传给了斯特拉迪瓦里和加内里〔vogue〕The history of the wordvogue takes us back from the abstract world of fashion to the concrete actions of moving in a vehicle and rowing a boat, demonstrating how sense can change dramatically over time even though it flows, as it were, in the same channel.The history ofvogue begins with the Indo-European root .wegh-, meaning "to go, transport in a vehicle.” Among many other forms derived from this root was the Germanic stem.wēga-, "water in motion.” From this stem came the Old Low German verbwogōn, meaning "to sway, rock.” This verb passed into Old French asvoguer, which meant "to sail, row.” The Old French word yielded the nounvogue, which probably literally meant "a rowing,” and so "a course,” and figuratively "reputation" and then "reputation of fashionable things" or "prevailing fashion,” which involve courses, so to speak.The French passed the noun on to us,it being first recorded in English in 1571.vogue 一词的历史把我们从抽象世界的时尚带回到在车辆里移动和划船的具体行为， 显示出尽管意义象以前一样在同一个轨道上变化，但它能越过时间发生引人瞩目的变化。vogue 的历史起源于印欧词根 wegh-， 意思是“走，在车辆里运行”。 从此词根发展出许多别的词形，如日尔曼词干wega- ，“运动的水。” 古低地德语动词wogon 从此词干而来，意思是“摆动，震动。” 这个动词以voguer 的形式传入，意为“航行，划。” 古法语词又产生出名词vogue， 字面上的意义可能是“一次划船，”并转为“一个过程，”并且其喻义为“名声”，而后为“流行东西的名声”或“流行的时尚，”可以说它包含着一些过程。法语把这个名词传给我们，于1571年最早被录入英语〔innate〕Hereditary refers to what is transmitted by biological heredity ( Hereditary 指通过生物遗传方式留传给后代( 〔inheritance〕The sum of characteristics genetically transmitted from parents to offspring.遗传特征的统计：从父母通过基因遗传传给子女的特征总和〔bequeath〕bequeathed to their children a respect for hard work.把崇尚努力工作的精神传给他们的孩子〔whiz〕The pitcher whizzed the ball to first.投手极快地把球传给第一垒〔nerd〕The wordnerd and a nerd, undefined but illustrated, first appeared in 1950 in Dr. Seuss'sIf I Ran the Zoo : "And then, just to show them,I'll sail to Ka-Troo And Bring Back an It-Kutch a Preep and a Proo a Nerkle a Nerd and a Seersucker, too!” (The nerd itself is a small humanoid creature looking comically angry,like a thin, cross Chester A. Arthur.)Nerd next appears, with a gloss, in the February 10, 1957, issue of the Glasgow, Scotland, Sunday Mail in a regular column entitled "ABC for SQUARES": "Nerd—a square, any explanation needed?”Many of the terms defined in this "ABC" are unmistakable Americanisms,such ashep, ick, and jazzy, as is the gloss "square,” the current meaning ofnerd. The third appearance ofnerd in print is back in the United States in 1970 in Current Slang : “Nurd [sic], someone with objectionable habits or traits. . . . An uninteresting person, a ‘dud.’” Authorities disagree on whether the two nerds—Dr. Seuss's small creature and the teenage slang term in theGlasgow Sunday Mail —are the same word. Some experts claim there is no semantic connectionand the identity of the words is fortuitous.Others maintain that Dr. Seuss is the true originator ofnerd and that the wordnerd ("comically unpleasant creature") was picked up by the five- and six-year-olds of 1950 and passed on to their older siblings, who by 1957, as teenagers,had restricted and specified the meaning to the most comically obnoxious creature of their own class,a "square.”单词nerd 和 a nerd，无定义但有说明， 第一次出现于1950年瑟斯博士写的要是我管动物园 中： “然后，仅仅是为了给他们看，我将航行到Ka-Troo，并带回It-Kutch a Preep和a Proo a Nerkle a Nerd ，还有一件印度泡泡纱！”（蠢货本身是一个具有人类特点的小动物，一副好笑发怒的样子，像瘦小很生气的切斯特·A阿瑟）。Nerd 接着在1957年2月10日苏格兰格拉斯哥人一期杂志上再次出现，还有一个解释。 星期日邮报 在一常设栏目中出了题为“古板之人ABC"的文章： "Nerd——古板之人，还需要任何解释吗?”许多在这个"ABC"中定义的术语是明显的美国特有词，如hep,ick 和 jazzy ， 正如nerd 的现行意思“古板之人”一样， nerd 第三次出现于印刷品中又回到了1970年美国的 最新俚语 中： “Nurd ［原文如此］带有令人不快的习惯或品质的人…一个没趣的人，一个‘饭桶。’” 权威们对这两个蠢货--瑟斯博士所指的小动物和格拉斯奇星期日邮报 上的青少年俚语是否是同一个词持不同意见。 有些专家宣称此处无语义联系，两个词的相似属偶然。其他人则坚持瑟斯博士是nerd 一词的始创者， 且nerd 一词（意为“令人不快的滑稽小动物”）让1950年时五、六岁的孩子们学会并传给了比他们大些的兄姐。 到1957年，作为青少年，他们把意思限定和专指他们当中最滑稽讨厌的家伙，即“古板守旧”的人〔sack〕The wordsack may seem an odd candidate for preserving a few thousand years of history, but this word for an ordinary thing probably goes back to Middle Eastern antiquity.Sack owes its long history to the fact that it and its ancestors denoted an object that was used in trade between peoples. Thus the Greeks got their wordsakkos, "a bag made out of coarse cloth or hair,” from the Phoenicians with whom they traded. We do not know the Phoenician word,but we know words that are akin to it,such as Hebrewsaq and Akkadian saqqu. The Greeks then passed the sack, as it were, to the Latin-speaking Romans, who transmitted their wordsaccus, "a large bag or sack,” to the Germanic tribes with whom they traded, who gave it the form .sakkiz (other peoples as well have taken this word from Greek or Latin, including speakers of Welsh, Russian, Polish, and Albanian).The speakers of Old English, a Germanic language, used two forms of the word,sæc, from .sakkiz, and sacc, directly from Latin; the second Old English form is the ancestor of oursack. sack 这个词具有几百年的历史看起来可能很奇怪， 但这个词用来指一件普通的物品大概可追溯到古代中东。Sack 的长久历史归功于它和它的前身，即指用于人们之间贸易的一个物品。 因此希腊人从与他们做买卖的腓尼基人处得到sakkos 这个词，指“用粗布或毛发制成的袋子”。 我们不懂腓尼基语指什么，但知道一些与它相关的词，如希伯莱语中的Saq 和阿卡德语中的 Saqqu。 希腊人于是又把这个词传到说拉丁语的罗马人中，罗马人把他们的词saccus （“大袋子，大麻袋”）传给与他们做贸易的日耳曼人部落，他们用 Sakkiz 这种形式 （其他民族也从希腊语或拉丁语中得到这个词，其中包括说威尔士语、俄语、波兰语和阿尔巴尼亚语的人们）。讲古英语（一种日耳曼语言）的人用这个词的两种形式：源自sakkiz 的 sæc 和源自拉丁语的 sacc ； 这第二种古英语的形式是我们现在的sack 的前身 〔bequest〕The act of giving, leaving by will, or passing on to another.遗赠，遗传：按照遗嘱（把财产）遗赠或留给或传给别人的行为〔blastogenesis〕The theory that inherited characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring by germ plasm.种质遗传：遗传特征通过胚原基原生质由亲本传给后代的理论〔heredity〕The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring.遗传：父母的基因特征传给子女〔hereditary〕Transmitted or capable of being transmitted genetically from parent to offspring:遗传性的：通过基因由或能由母体传给后代的：〔message〕A usually short communication transmitted by words, signals, or other means from one person, station, or group to another.信息：从一个人、一站或一群人传给另一人、另一站或另一群人的以书面、信号或其他方式传送的，通常是较短的消息〔heritage〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "something immaterial, such as a custom, that is passed from one generation to another": 这些名词共有的中心意思是：“由一代传给另一代的非物质性的东西，如习俗”： 〔hereditary〕Descending from an ancestor to a legal heir; passing down by inheritance.承袭的：祖先传给合法继承人的；由继承传下来的〔bequeath〕To pass (something) on to another; hand down:遗留给，传下去：把（某种东西）传给别人；传给后代：〔pass〕To hand over to someone else:传递：把…传给其他人：〔knowledge〕Early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend.古代的人通过传说把他们知道的关于动植物的知识传给后代。〔torchbearer〕One, such as the leader of a government, who imparts knowledge, truth, or inspiration to others.领导人；启蒙者：将知识、真理或灵感传给他人的人，例如政府领导人〔exoteric〕Comprehensible to or suited to the public; popular.通俗的：适于传给公众的；通俗的〔heritable〕Capable of being passed from one generation to the next; hereditary.可遗传的，遗传的：能由一代传给下一代的；遗传的〔heredity〕The sum of characteristics and associated potentialities transmitted genetically to an individual organism.遗传而得的特征：传给个体生物体的基因特征和相关潜力的总和〔pass〕The title passed to the older heir.头衔传给了年长的继承人 |
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