| 单词 | 传说 |
| 释义 | 〔Attica〕An ancient region of east-central Greece around Athens. According to Greek legend, the four Attic tribes were unified into a single state by the Athenian king Theseus.阿提卡：希腊中东部雅典周围的一古老地区。根据古希腊传说，四个阿提卡部落由雅典国王西修斯统一为一个部〔mythographer〕From Greek muthographos [writer of legends] 源自 希腊语 muthographos [传说的作者] 〔Ostia〕An ancient city of west-central Italy at the mouth of the Tiber River. According to legend, it was founded in the seventh centuryb.c. Ostia developed as a port after the first century b.c. and declined after the third century a.d. 奥斯蒂亚：意大利中西部一古老城市，位于台伯河河口。传说建于公元前 7世纪， 公元前 1世纪发展为港口， 公元 3世纪后衰落 〔petunia〕"Tobacco is a dirty weed,” as the song goes (it also perversely admits "I like it, I like it"),but tobacco has some nice relatives in the nightshade family,such as the tomato, red pepper, and eggplant.One of its more beautiful relatives,the petunia, is actually named for tobacco.This curious story begins when the Portuguese in South America picked up their wordpetum, meaning "tobacco,”from a Tupi-Guarani word,such as Tupipetyn. From Portuguese the word made its way into French (pétun ), from which English borrowed the word (petun remains an archaic word for tobacco). The name of the genuspetunia was formed in New Latin (1789) from French pétun because of the close relationship of the petunia genus to tobacco. Englishpetunia, taken from Modern Latin, is first recorded around 1825. 如歌（它也荒谬地承认“我喜欢它，我喜欢它”） 中所唱“烟草是一种肮脏的杂草”，但烟草有一些漂亮的龙葵族的近亲，例如蕃茄、红椒和茄子。它更漂亮的族亲之一，矮牵牛实际上是以烟草命名的。这个奇妙的传说始于南美洲的葡萄牙人使用词汇petum 时， 意思是“烟草”，该词来源于一个图皮--瓜拉尼语词汇，如图皮语petyn。 这个词从葡萄牙语进入了法语（petun ）， 英语又借用了这个法语词(petun 保留了烟草的古代词汇）。 因为矮牵牛属植物同烟草有着相近的关系，种属名称petunia 以源于法语 pétun 的新拉丁语形成了(1789年）。 来自现代拉丁文的英语词petunia 首次记录大约出现在1825年 〔rumor〕Unverified information of uncertain origin usually spread by word of mouth; hearsay.谣言，谣传；传闻：来源不明且未经证实的信息，通常由口头语言传播；传说〔argosy〕an argosy of adventure lore.冒险故事传说的宝库〔legend〕An unverified story handed down from earlier times, especially one popularly believed to be historical.传说，（历史）传奇故事：从早期时代相传下业的未经证实的故事，尤指那些被普遍认为是基于史实者〔Hameln〕A city of northern Germany on the Weser River southwest of Hanover. An ancient Saxon settlement, it is a manufacturing and tourist center famous as the setting for the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. Population, 55,992.哈默尔恩：德国北部威悉河畔、汉诺威西南部的一个城市。它是古萨克森人的定居区，现在是制造业、旅游业中心，以那儿的关于哈默尔恩的皮德·皮珀的传说而闻名。人口55,992〔Wace〕Anglo-Norman poet whose adaptation of Arthurian legend,Roman de Brut (1155), was the first to mention the Round Table. 瓦斯：盎格鲁-诺曼语诗人，在他的改编的亚瑟王朝传说《布鲁特传奇》 （1155年），首次提到圆桌骑士 〔bigot〕A bigot may have more in common with God than one might think.Legend has it that Rollo, the first duke of Normandy, refused to kiss the foot of the French king Charles III,uttering the phrasebi got, his borrowing of the assumed Old English equivalent of our expressionby God. Although this story is almost certainly apocryphal,it is true thatbigot was used by the French as a term of abuse for the Normans, but not in a religious sense. Later, however, the word, or very possibly a homonym,was used abusively in French for the Beguines, members of a Roman Catholic lay sisterhood.From the 15th century on Old Frenchbigot meant "an excessively devoted or hypocritical person.” Bigot is first recorded in English in 1598 with the sense "a superstitious hypocrite.” 一个偏执的人往往比人们想象的更接近上帝。传说第一位诺曼底公爵罗洛拒绝亲吻法国皇帝查理三世的脚时，说了bi got 这个词， 他是借用了假设的古英语里的词。其相当于我们今天的by God （老天作证）这一用法。 尽管这个故事肯定不足为信，但bigot 一词是确实是法国人对诺曼底人的蔑称， 然而无宗教色彩。后来，这个词，很可能是同音异义词，在法语中用来蔑指女修道者──罗马天主教姐妹会成员。从15世纪起，在古法语中，bigot 一词意为“过分虔诚或伪善的人”。 Bigot 首次以英语记载是在1598年，其意为“迷信的伪君子。” 〔haggadist〕A student of haggadic literature.犹太教法典中传说的研究者：研究太教法典中传说或轶事等的学者〔Gunnar〕The husband of Brynhild, the brother-in-law of Sigurd, and the brother of Gudrun in theVolsunga Saga. 贡纳：沃尔松传说 中布林尔特的丈夫，西格德的妹夫和古德伦的兄弟 〔Messina〕A city of northeast Sicily, Italy, on theStrait of Messina, a channel separating Sicily from mainland Italy. Founded in the eighth century b.c. by Greek colonists. Messina was decimated by the plague in 1743 and suffered severe earthquakes in 1783 and 1908. The strait's rocks, currents, and whirlpools may have been the inspiration for the legend of Scylla and Charybdis. Population, 255,890. 墨西拿：意大利西西里岛东北部一城市，位于墨西拿海峡 沿岸，该海峡将西西里岛和意大利大陆分隔开来。该城于 公元前 8世纪由希腊殖民者创建。在1743年的瘟疫流行中该城人口大批死亡，1783年及1908年该城又遭受严重的地震灾害。斯库拉和卡律布狄斯的传说可能就得灵感于墨西拿海峡的礁石、激流与漩涡。人口255,890 〔posh〕"Oh yes, Mater, we had a posh time of it down there.”So inPunch for September 25, 1918, do we find the first recorded instance of that mysterious wordposh, meaning "smart and fashionable,”although in a 1903 book by P.G. Wodehouse,Tales of St. Austin's, there is a mention of a waistcoat that was "push.” The latter may be a different word,but in either case the dates of occurrence are importantbecause they are part of the objection to derivingposh from the initials of "Port Out, Starboard Home.” This was the cooler, and thus more expensive, side of ships traveling between England and India in the mid-19th century,and the acronymPOSH was supposedly stamped on the tickets of first-class passengers traveling on that side of ships owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. No evidence is definitely known to exist for this theory, however.TheOxford English Dictionary Supplement may have found a possible source or sources for posh. Another wordposh was 19th- and early 20th-century British slang for "money,” specifically "a halfpenny, cash of small value.”This word is borrowed from the common Romany wordpåšh, "half,” which was used in combinations such aspåšhera, "halfpenny.” Posh, also meaning "a dandy,” is recorded in two dictionaries of slang published in 1890 and 1902,although this particularposh may be still another word. This word or these words, however, are much more likely to be the source ofposh than "Port Out, Starboard Home,” although the latter source certainly has caught the public's etymological fancy.“哦是的，妈妈，我们在那里过着豪华的生活。”因此在1918年9月25日的punch 上， 我们看到了那个神秘单词posh 的首次记录， 意为“豪华的，时髦的，”虽然早在1903年P·G·伍德豪斯的名为圣·奥斯汀传说 的作品中就提及了意为"push"的马夹这个词。 后者也可能是另外一个不同的词，但在任何一种情况下两者被使用的时间都很重要，因为它们都反对posh 这个词源于"Port Out，Starboard Home。” 这是意指19世纪中期往来于英格兰及印度的船只中较凉爽、因而票价也就较为昂贵的一侧，而POSH 这个首字缩拼词据说就印在半岛——东方蒸汽船航运公司所拥有的船只上较为凉爽的一侧头等舱的票上。 然而对于这一说法并没有确凿的证据来加以证明。牛津英语词典增补本 也许为 posh 找到了一个或多个可能的词源。 另一个词posh 则是19世纪和20世纪初英国人用来表示“钱”的俚语， 尤指“半便士，小面值钱币。”这个词源于吉卜赛常用词på歨 ，意为“一半”， 用在诸如意为“半便士”的复合词på歨era 中。 Posh 也有“花花公子”之意， 这一用法记录于1890年及1902年出版的两本俚语词典中，尽管这个特有的posh 也有可能是另一个词。 然而这个词及上文提到的那些词比"Port Out，Starboard Home"更有可能是posh 这个词的词源， 虽然后者早被人们确认为这个词的词源〔haggadist〕A haggadic writer.犹太教法典中传说或轶事的作者〔Macbeth〕King of Scotland (1040-1057) who ascended the throne after killing his cousin King Duncan (died 1040) in battle. Legends of his rise to power and reign are the basis of Shakespeare's tragedyMacbeth. 马克白：苏格兰国王(1040-1057年），在一次战斗中杀死其表兄国王邓肯（卒于1040年）后即位。他夺权和统治的传说构成了莎士比亚《马克白》 的主要基础 〔Malory〕English writer ofLe Morte d'Arthur, a collection of Arthurian romances adapted from French sources and published by William Caxton in 1485. 马洛礼，托马斯：(1470年) 英国作家，写有《亚瑟王之死》 ，此书是源于法国有关亚瑟王传说的合集，1485年由威廉·考克斯根出版 〔furnish〕"The story of Orpheus has furnished Pope with an illustration"(Thomas Bulfinch)“俄耳甫斯的传说为蒲柏提供了例证”(托马斯·布兰芬奇)〔story〕Romantic legend or tradition.浪漫传奇或传说〔Tharp〕American dancer and choreographer whose works, such asDeuce Coupe (1973), are drawn from several dance traditions. 萨伯，特怀拉：(生于 1941) 美国舞蹈家和编舞家，他们作品如《体斯·库波》 （1973年），来源于几个舞蹈传说 〔possible〕"How viable are the ancient legends as vehicles for modern literary themes?” (Richard Kain).“将古代传说作为表达现代文学主题的工具，这样的可行性有多少呢?” （理查德·凯恩）〔fable〕A story about legendary persons and exploits.传说：关于传说中的人物和英勇行为的故事〔fabulous〕Of the nature of a fable or myth; legendary.寓言的：寓言或神话性质的；传说的〔Troy〕Also Il.i.on [ĭlʹē-ən, -ŏn'] or Il.i.um [-ē-əm] An ancient city of northwest Asia Minor near the Dardanelles River. Originally a Phrygian city dating from the Bronze Age, it is the legendary site of the Trojan War and was captured and destroyed by Greek forces c. 1200b.c. The ruins of Troy were discovered by Heinrich Schliemann in 1871. 也作 Il.i.on [ĭlʹē-ən, -ŏn'] 或 Il.i.um [-ē-əm] 特洛伊：小亚细亚西北一古城，位于达达尼尔河附近。从青铜器时代起便是一座弗里吉亚城市，传说为特洛伊战争所在地，大约在公元前 1200年被希腊军队侵占并毁灭。特洛伊城废墟于1871年由海因里希·希里曼发现 〔myth〕A fictitious story, person, or thing:传说；虚构的人（物）：虚构的小说、人或事情：〔folktale〕A story or legend forming part of an oral tradition.民间故事：形成口头传说部分的故事或传说〔lesbian〕[From the putative homosexuality of Sappho, lyric poet of Lesbos] [源自莱斯博斯岛的古希腊女诗人萨福同性恋的传说] 〔ogress〕A female giant or monster in legends and fairy tales that eats human beings.吃人女妖：传说或神话中吃人的女巨人或女妖怪〔Bunyanesque〕Of, relating to, or suggestive of the legend of Paul Bunyan.鲍尔·班扬的：鲍尔·班扬特点的，有关鲍尔·班扬的传说的〔knowledge〕 Lore is usually applied to knowledge about a particular subject that is gained through tradition or anecdote: Lore 通常用来指通过传说和轶闻获得的关于某一专门方面的知识： 〔gest〕A verse romance or tale.浪漫诗歌或传说〔legendry〕A collection or body of legends.传说，传奇，传奇故事：传奇故事集或传说本身〔heroic〕Of, relating to, or resembling the heroes of literature, legend, or myth.英雄的：文学、传说或神话中的英雄的，类似这样的英雄的〔Arthur〕A legendary British hero, said to have been king of the Britons in the sixth centurya.d. and to have held court at Camelot. 亚瑟：英国传奇英雄，传说是公元 6世纪时不列颠国王，在卡米洛有王宫 〔Roncesvalles〕A mountain pass, 1,057.7 m (3,468 ft) high, through the western Pyrenees in northern Spain. It is the traditional site of the death of the hero Roland during the defeat of Charlemagne's army by the Saracens (778).伦塞斯瓦列斯：通过庇里牛斯山脉西部的一个海拔1,057.7米(3,468英尺）的山口，位于西班牙北部。传说英雄罗兰在撒拉森人大败查理曼大帝的军队时（778年）死于此地〔ax〕To understand the origin of the idiomax to grind, we need to know thatgrind means "to sharpen.” This phrase is said to have come from a story by the 19th-century journalist Charles Miner (alias Poor Robert) about a seemingly friendly manwho was able by flattery to persuade a young boy to turn a grindstone for him.The tale first appeared in the Luzerne, Pennsylvania,Federalist on September 7, 1810, under the title "Who'll Turn Grindstones?” and later in an 1815 book entitledEssays from the Desk of Poor Robert the Scribe. Because "Poor Robert" was confused with "Poor Richard,”the story has often been erroneously attributed to Benjamin Franklin.The idiom itself is an Americanism—a word or expression originating in the United States.It was at first restricted to political contexts,but quotations from James Joyce ("Skin-the-Goat . . . evidently with an axe to grind, was airing his grievances")and George Bernard Shaw ("distinguished statesmen of different nations . . . each with a national axe to grind") attest that the phrase has traveled abroad and,as we know only too well, is no longer found only in political contexts.为了理解成语ax to grind 的出处， 我们需要知道grind 意思是“磨尖”。 这个短语据说出自19世纪旅行家查尔斯·麦纳（别名穷罗伯特）所写的关于一个似乎很友善的人的故事，他能够奉承地劝说一名男孩为他翻过一块磨光石。这个传说第一次出现在1810年9月7日宾夕法尼亚州的卢泽恩，在1810年9月7日题为“谁将推翻磨石”的联邦制拥护者 中提到， 之后1815年又在名为作家穷·罗伯特文集 一书中提到。 因为"poor Robert和"poor Richard"易被弄混淆，这个故事经常被错误地认为是本杰明·弗兰克林创作的。这个成语本身是美国式的词或表达源于美国。一开始被限于在政治性言词的情况中使用，但是从以下的引文表明这个短语已广泛地传播，一个是引于詹姆斯·琼斯（“这个显然别有企图的披着人皮的狼，正在诉苦”），另一个引自乔治·萧伯纳（“辨认出不同国家的人…每个国家都有自己国家的打算”），正如我们所熟知的，它不会只在政治性言论的上下文间才可以找到的〔Kailas〕A peak, 6,718.2 m (22,027 ft) high, in the Himalaya Mountains of southwest China. It is the highest elevation of theKailas Range and according to Hindu legend was the dwelling place of the god Shiva. 盖拉斯峰：中国西南部喜马拉雅山的一座山峰，高6,718.2米（22,027英尺）。该峰为卡伊拉斯山脉 的最高海拔处。根据印度的传说，该峰为湿婆神的居住地 〔Wagner〕German composer known especially for his romantic operas, often based on Germanic legends. Among his works areTannhäuser (1845) and the tetralogy Der Ring des Nibelungen (1853-1874). 瓦格纳，理查德：(1813-1883) 德国作曲家，尤以其浪漫歌剧著名，常以德国的传说为其作品基础。作品包括《唐怀瑟》 （1845年）和四幕歌剧 《尼伯龙根的指环》 （1853-1874年） 〔Doubleday〕American army officer traditionally considered the inventor of baseball, although a game similar to baseball predates him.道布尔戴，阿布聂：(1819-1893) 美国军官，传说是棒球发明人，尽管一种类似于棒球的游戏在他之前就有了〔Atlantis〕A legendary island in the Atlantic Ocean west of Gibraltar, said by Plato to have sunk beneath the sea during an earthquake.亚特兰蒂斯：大西洋中一传说岛屿，位于直布罗陀西部，柏拉图声称在一场地震中沉入海底 |
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