| 单词 | 伴随 |
| 释义 | 〔grind〕To move with noisy friction; grate:嘎嘎地响：刺耳地磨擦，伴随刺耳声磨擦而移动：〔senile〕In earlier writings one finds phrases such as "asenile maturity of judgment" and "green and vigorous senility, ” demonstrating that these two words have not always been burdened with their current negative connotations. Senile and senility are examples of pejoration, the process by which a word's meaning changes for the worse over time.Even thoughsenile (first recorded in 1661) and senility (first recorded in 1778) initially had neutral senses such as "pertaining to old age,” it is probable that the weakness (in particular the mental weakness) that sometimes accompanies old age eventually caused negative senses to predominate.Certainly some pejorative associations were present in Latinsenīlis, "relating to an old man, aged,” the ultimate source of both words, and in related Latin words such assenēscere, which could mean "to deteriorate with age.” But it seems that pejorative associations have taken over these words in English through general usage,perhaps because average life expectancy has risen steadily over the years.在较早的文学作品中人们可以找到形如“判断力Senile（老练） 成熟”和“精力旺盛的有魄力的 Senility（老态龙钟） ”的短语，表明这两个词一直没有表示他们流行的消极的含义。 Senile 和 senility 是词义转贬的范例， 即一个词的意思随时间变化变得越来越坏。尽管senile （首次记载于1661年）和 senility （首次记载于1778年）最初具有中性的意义，例如“关于老年的”， 可能是伴随老年出现的衰弱（特别是智力衰弱）最终导致了反面的意思居支配地位。当然有一些词义转贬的联系表现在拉丁文中的senilis （“关于老人的，老年的”），是这两个词的最早的词源， 和与之相关的拉丁词如senecer ，意为“随年纪恶化”。 但是看起来在英语中通过广泛的使用词义转贬的联系已经取代了这些词，可能是由于平均估计寿命随时代发展稳步上升〔entail〕To have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence:承担，伴随，需要：施加或要求使成为必要的附属物或结果：〔appendant〕Accompanying; attendant:伴随而来的；伴随的：〔associate〕One that habitually accompanies or is associated with another; an attendant circumstance.联想物，附随物：习惯性陪伴或与另一人有联系的人；伴随情况〔clop〕To make or move with this sound.橐橐地行走：伴随这种声音做或移动〔incident〕Tending to arise or occur as a result or an accompaniment:难免发生的，伴随的：倾向于作为结果或附属物发生或出现的：〔accompany〕These verbs are compared when they mean to be with or to go with another or others.这些动词指伴随或陪同他人或其他人时对他们加以比较。〔thermoperiodism〕The effect on an organism of the rhythmic fluctuation of temperature, including responses associated with thermal changes accompanying the alternation of day and night.温期现象：温度有规律波动对一个有机体效的作用，包括伴随昼夜交替与温度变化有关的反应〔rejoin〕To come again into the company of:与…会合：再次来到…的伴随中：〔incidental〕Occurring or likely to occur as an unpredictable or minor accompaniment:伴随发生的：作为意想不到的或非主要的伴随情况发生或可能发生的：〔cry〕 Cry andweep both involve the shedding of tears; cry more strongly implies accompanying sound: Cry 和weep 都与流眼泪有关； cry 则更强烈地表示伴随的声音： 〔tempest〕A violent windstorm, frequently accompanied by rain, snow, or hail.大风暴：一场强烈的风暴，经常伴随雨、雪或冰〔plump〕With a heavy or abrupt drop:沉重落下地：伴随沉重的或突然的下落：〔involve〕To have as a necessary feature or consequence; entail:伴随，连同：作为必需特色和影响而拥有；伴随：〔actin〕A protein found in muscle that together with myosin functions in muscle contraction.肌动朊：一种在肌肉中发现的，伴随肌肉收缩中肌浆球蛋白运动的蛋白质〔occult〕Not accompanied by readily detectable signs or symptoms:不可知的：不伴随可见信号或症状：〔circumstance〕Detail accompanying or surrounding an event, as in a narrative or series of events.详情，细节：伴随或围绕一个事件的细节，如在一个故事或系列事件中的〔sanguinary〕Accompanied by bloodshed.See Synonyms at bloody 血淋淋的：伴随流血的 参见 bloody〔pop〕To burst open with a short, sharp, explosive sound.砰的一声爆开：伴随短促、尖利的爆炸声炸开〔legend〕An explanatory caption accompanying an illustration.说明：指伴随图片起解释说明作用的文字〔accompany〕 Accompany suggests going with another on an equal basis: Accompany 指在平等的基础上伴随他人： 〔ablaut〕A vowel change, characteristic of Indo-European languages, that accompanies a change in grammatical function; for example,i, a, u in sing, sang, sung. Also called gradation 元音交替：元音交替，为印欧语系各语言的特征，其伴随语法功能的变化；如i，a，u 在 Sing，Sang，Sung 也作 gradation〔heelwork〕In flamenco dancing, a stylized tapping of the heels in time with the music.（动作）顿足：弗拉曼柯舞蹈中的一种伴随音乐以脚后跟敲打地面的程式化动作〔company〕To accompany or associate with.与…伴随或联合〔altimeter〕An instrument for determining elevation, especially an aneroid barometer used in aircraft that senses pressure changes accompanying changes in altitude.测高仪，高度计：一种测量高度的仪器，尤指飞机中的无液气压表，其可以测出伴随高度变化的压力变化〔corresponding〕Accompanying another:伴随与另一个的：〔concomitant〕Late Latin concomitāns concomitant- [present participle of] concomitārī [to accompany] 后期拉丁语 concomitāns concomitant- concomitārī的现在分词 [伴随] 〔storm〕An atmospheric disturbance manifested in strong winds accompanied by rain, snow, or other precipitation and often by thunder and lightning.暴风雨（雪）：以强风伴随雨，雪或其它降水并经常带有雷电为表现的大气剧烈运动〔demon〕Also dae.mon or dai.mon [dīʹmōn'] An attendant spirit; a genius. 也作 dae.mon 或 dai.mon [dīʹmōn'] 守护神；伴随的神〔augment〕The prefixation of a vowel accompanying a past tense, especially of Greek and Sanskrit verbs.增音：伴随过去式的元音词首，尤其在希腊语或梵语动词中〔social〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "inclined to, marked by, or passed in friendly companionship with others": 这些形容词共有的中心意思是“倾向于、标志着、或在与他人友好的伴随中度过的”： 〔zygogenesis〕Reproduction involving the formation of a zygote.合子形成：伴随合子形成的再生物〔epiphenomenon〕A secondary phenomenon that results from and accompanies another:附带现象：因另一现象而发生或伴随的次要现象：〔attend〕To accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result:（作为结果）伴随：作为情况伴随或作为结果跟随：〔carry〕To involve as a condition, consequence, or effect:包含，伴随：含有某种条件、后果或效力：〔staticky〕Relating to or producing random noise accompanying transmitted or recorded sound.静电声音的：有关或产生伴随传送或纪录声音的随机噪声的〔need〕Note also that the use ofneed as an auxiliary is often accompanied by a presupposition that the activity in question has in fact been performed.The boys needn't have spoken frankly implies that they did in fact speak frankly, whereas the sentenceThe boys did not need to speak frankly does not; only the latter could be followed by a clauselikethey conveyed their meanings by indirection. 还需注意need 用作助动词时经常伴随一个先决条件， 质问的动作事实上已经完成了。那些男孩们本来不需要坦诚相告的 意味着他们事实上已经坦率地说了， 然而这个句子男孩们不需要坦诚地说话 就没有这个意思； 只有后者可以在其后跟这样一个句子，如他们间接地表达他们的意思 〔natal〕Of, relating to, or accompanying birth:出生的：属于，关于，或伴随出生的：〔dicker〕Perhaps a desire to see history repeat itself has been at work in the case of an etymology suggested for the verbdicker, first recorded in 1802with reference to horse trading and the haggling that accompanies it.In a work published in 1848James Fenimore Cooper used the word with reference to frontier trade.This use would support a connection with the noundicker, which denotes a quantity of ten and was a common unit used in trading hides or furs. If the verbdicker originated in the fur trade, a parallel would exist with the noundicker. The noun may have come into the Germanic languages and hence to English by way of trade or tribute in furs between the Germanic peoples and the Roman Empire, with the Germanic word coming from the Latin worddecuria, "a group of ten men,” which in Late Latin was used as a measure of skins. The difficulty with this parallel isthat no existing evidence proves conclusively the derivation of the verbdicker from the noun dicker. 关于对动词dicker 提出的词源问题，也许是想看看历史重演的一种欲望在起作用， 此单词第一次记载是在1802年，同马匹交易和与之伴随的价格争论有关。在1848年出版的一本著作中，詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀根据边境贸易使用了这个词。这种使用将会支持与名词dicker 代表数量“十”并用于皮毛交易的联系。 如果动词dicker 起源于毛皮生意， 那么便会与名词dicker 一起并行存在。 该名词也许是随着来自于拉丁语decuria “十人一组”的日耳曼语单词一起（在拉丁语中它被用作皮革的计量单位），通过日耳曼人和罗马帝国之间毛皮交易或进贡的途径进入日耳曼语中，而从此以后进入英语中。 但是对于这种并行的困难是，没有现成的证据确凿地证明动词dicker 是从名词 dicker 中衍生来的 |
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