| 单词 | 佃农 |
| 释义 | 〔hardscrabble〕the sharecropper's hardscrabble life.佃农拮据的生活〔heriot〕A tribute or service rendered to a feudal lord on the death of a tenant.租地继承税：佃农死时向封建地主交纳的贡物或提供的劳务〔champerty〕from Old French champart [the lord's share of the tenant's crop] 源自 古法语 champart [地主分享佃农的粮食] 〔boycott〕Charles C. Boycott seems to have been forced by his strong sense of duty into becoming a household word.Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland.The earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland.Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform.Any landlord who would not charge lower rents or any tenant who took over the farm of an evicted tenant would be given the complete cold shoulder by Parnell's supporters.Boycott, a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants.At this point members of Parnell's Irish Land League stepped in,and Boycott and his family found themselves isolated—without servants, farmhands, service in stores, or mail delivery.Boycott's name was quickly adopted as the term for this treatment,not just in English but in other languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Russian.查理斯·C·博伊考特看来是因为其强烈的责任感而成为一个家喻户晓的词。博伊考特是爱尔兰麦奥县俄内伯爵的房地产经纪人。俄内是占有爱尔兰大部分土地的不在地主集团中的一员。博伊考特于1880年秋季被选为一项新政策的试点，此项政策是由一个企图进行土地改革的爱尔兰政治家──查理斯·帕内尔提出的。那些不愿降低地租的地主或接管被驱逐佃户土地的佃农都被帕内尔的支持者疏远。作为原英军士兵的博伊考特，拒绝收取低地租并且驱逐佃户。此时帕内尔爱尔兰土地联盟成员插手了，博伊考特及其家人发现他们被孤立了──没有仆人，农业工人，得不到商店服务，也没有人送信。博伊考特的名字很快就被用作这种对待方法的专有名词，不仅用于在英语中，而且也用于如法语、荷兰语、德语和俄语的其他语言中〔socage〕Feudal tenure of land by a tenant, in return for agricultural or other nonmilitary services or for payment of rent in money.农役租佃：封建社会佃农使用土地并为之付出农业或其他非军事的劳役或用钱支付地租〔sharecrop〕To work (land) or grow (crops) as a sharecropper.作佃农：作为谷租佃农耕种（土地）或种植（庄稼）〔villeinage〕The legal tenure by which a villein held land.佃农对土地的使用权：佃农拥有土地的法律使用权〔Wyeth〕American painter whose realistic canvases depict stark rural scenes. His major works includeChristina's World (1948) and Tenant Farmer (1961). His father, Newell Convers Wyeth (1882-1945), was also a painter and a book illustrator. 韦思，安德鲁：(生于 1917) 美国画家，以写实主义手法描绘朴实的田园生活场景，主要作品包括《克里斯蒂娜的世界》 （1948年）和 《佃农》 （1961年）。他的父亲 纳维尔·康维斯·韦思 (1882-1945年）也是位画家和书籍插图画家 〔cropper〕A person who works land in return for a share of the yield; a sharecropper.分益佃农：耕种土地以换取收益分成的人；收益分成的佃农〔sharecrop〕To work as a sharecropper.作为谷租佃农进行劳作〔villeinage〕The legal status or condition of a villein.佃农的身份：佃农的法律地位或状态〔croft〕A small farm, especially a tenant farm.小农场：小农场，尤指佃农耕种的农场〔relief〕A payment made by the heir of a deceased tenant to a feudal lord for the privilege of succeeding to the tenant's estate.继承权利金：死去佃农的继承人为继承佃农的地产而向封建地主缴纳的钱〔sharecropper〕A tenant farmer who gives a share of the crops raised to the landlord in lieu of rent.交租耕种农：将培育出的庄稼的一部分代替租金交给地主的佃农〔custom〕Tribute, service, or rent paid by a feudal tenant to a lord.交租：封建时代佃农向领主缴纳或提供的贡品、劳役或租税〔feudalism〕A political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century, based on the holding of all land in fief or fee and the resulting relation of lord to vassal and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture.封建主义：欧洲从9世纪到大约15世纪建立在以封地采邑的形式占有全部土地，及由此而建立的领主与封臣的关系基础上的政治经济体系，以佃农的效忠、服兵役以及没收财产为特征〔render〕A payment in kind, services, or cash from a tenant to a feudal lord.进贡：佃农以实物、劳役或现金向封建领主作出的支付〔crofter〕One who rents and cultivates a croft; a tenant farmer.佃农：租种小农场并在其中耕作的人；佃农〔peasant〕A member of the class constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, and laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture.小农，佃农，农民：由小农、佃农、土地劳动力等构成的阶级中的一员，他们形成农业部门的主要劳动力〔lot〕placating an angry lot of tenants; kids who made a noisy lot.抚慰一群愤怒的佃农；一群吵闹的孩子〔cotenant〕One of two or more tenants sharing property.同租雇农：分享财产的两个或多个佃农之一〔bachelor〕from Medieval Latin baccalārius [tenant farmer] 源自 中世纪拉丁语 baccalārius [佃农] |
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