| 单词 | 低下 |
| 释义 | 〔tetany〕An abnormal condition characterized by periodic painful muscular spasms and tremors, caused by faulty calcium metabolism and associated with diminished function of the parathyroid glands.手足抽搐：一种症状为周期性疼痛肌肉痉挛和颤抖的不正常状态，由钙代谢失调引起，与甲状旁腺功能低下有关〔fall〕A sudden drop from a relatively erect to a less erect position.突然俯身低下：从垂直方向上相对高的位置降到低的位置〔primitive〕Of or relating to the work of an artist from a nonindustrial, often tribal culture, especially a culture that is characterized by a low level of economic complexity.原始艺术作品的：属于或关于非工业化的文化，特指经济发展状况水平低下的氏族文化的艺术家所创作的作品的〔stinko〕Of poor or inferior quality.蹩脚的：质量不好或低下的〔sink〕To bring to a low or ruined state; defeat or destroy.使败落：使进入低下或被毁的状况；击败或破坏〔hellion〕of dialectal hallion [worthless person] 方言 hallion的变化 [低下卑劣之人] 〔thrall〕One who is intellectually or morally enslaved.奴隶：智力或道德低下的人〔ignoble〕Not noble in quality, character, or purpose; base or mean.See Synonyms at mean 2卑鄙的，不光彩的：性质、特点或目的不高尚的；可耻的或低下的 参见 mean2〔nod〕To lower and raise (the head) quickly in agreement or acknowledgment.点（头等）：快速地低下并抬起（头）以示同意或致意〔mass〕masses The body of common people or people of low socioeconomic status. Used withthe. masses 大众，庶民：平民或社会经济地位上低下者。常与the 连用 〔lowlife〕A person of low social status or moral character:下层社会的人，卑鄙的人：一个社会地位低或道德低下的人：〔mangy〕Mean; contemptible.低贱的：低下的；卑鄙的〔aesthetic〕"What troubled him was the squalor of[the colonel's] aesthetic" (Lewis H. Lapham)“使他苦恼的是[上校] 审美观的低下” (刘易斯H.拉伯姆)〔grunge〕One that is dirty, inferior, obnoxious, or boring.肮脏，低下，令人讨厌或无聊的人〔lowly〕In a low manner, condition, or position.卑贱地，低下地：以谦卑的方式，处于卑微的境地或地位〔low〕A low level, position, or degree:低下，低：低水平、低位置或低程度：〔hypothyroid〕Affected by or manifesting hypothyroidism.甲状腺功能减退的：表现为甲状腺功能低下的，或受其影响的〔low〕Below average in degree, intensity, or amount:少的，低下的：在程度、强度或数量上低于平均值的：〔vulgar〕The wordvulgar brings to mind off-color jokes, but this was not always so.Ironically the wordvulgar is itself an example of pejoration, the process by which the semantic status of a word changes for the worse over a period of time.The ancestor ofvulgar, the Latin word vulgāris (from vulgus, "the common people"), meant "of or belonging to the common people, everyday,”as well as "belonging to or associated with the lower orders.”Vulgāris also meant "ordinary,” "common (of vocabulary, for example),” and "shared by all.” Its only sense of the sort we might expect was related to the notion of general sharing, that is, "sexually promiscuous.”Our word, first recorded in a work composed in 1391,entered English during the Middle English period,and in Middle English and later English we find not only the senses mentioned above but also related senses.What is common can be seen as debased,and in the 17th century we begin to find instances ofvulgar that made very explicit what was already implicit. Vulgar now meant "deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement.” From such usevulgar has gone downhill, and at present "crudely indecent" is probably one of the first senses ofvulgar that occurs to many when the word is used. Vulgar 这个词使人想起下流的玩笑， 但这并不尽然。具有讽刺意味的是vulgar 这个词本身就是一个贬义词， 是一个词的语义经过一段时间变为贬义的过程。Vulgar 的语源，拉丁词 vulgaris （来自于 vulgrs， “普通人”）， 意思是平常人的、属于平常人的或日常的，”也意味着“属于低等阶级的，与低阶级有关的。”Vulgaris 也意味着“平常的”，“普通的（如词汇表的）”，和“大家共有的。” 我们可能会想到的这一类的唯一意思与“大家共有的”的意思是有关，即“滥交的。”这个词，首先记载于1391年编的一部书里，在中古英语期间进入英语，在中古英语和后期的英语中我们不仅发现它有上述的意思，也有其它相关的意思。普通的可以被看作是低下的，在17世纪我们开始发现vulgar 把含蓄的意思变得很明显的例子。 现在vulgar 指“品味、格调或教养不高的。” 以这个意思vulgar 开始走下坡路， 现在当人们使用vulgar 时，对许多人来讲“粗野下流的”可能是第一个意思 〔small〕Having been belittled; humiliated:低下的：被瞧不起的；被侮辱的：〔earthy〕Crude or off-color; indecent:粗鄙的：粗陋的或粗鄙的；低下的：〔nod〕To lower and raise the head quickly, as in agreement or acknowledgment.点头：快速地低下并抬起头，如表示同意或致意〔duck〕To lower quickly, especially so as to avoid something.迅速俯下：迅速低下，尤指为避开某物时做此动作〔down〕To or into a lower or inferior condition, as of subjection, defeat, or disgrace.低下地：处于或走向低或差的状况，如臣服、失败或屈辱〔mangy〕Rundown and filthy; squalid:污秽的：低下且肮脏的；污浊的：〔low〕In or to a low condition or rank; humbly:低等地：处在一种低的状态或地位；低下的： |
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