| 单词 | 体液 |
| 释义 | 〔phlegm〕One of the four humors of ancient physiology, described as cold and moist and thought to cause sluggishness, apathy, and evenness of temper.懒散，迟钝；冷漠：古代生理学的四种体液之一，被描述为冷淡和伤感，被认为由懒散、冷漠和性情平和引起〔bypass〕An alternative passage created surgically to divert the flow of blood or other bodily fluid or circumvent an obstructed or diseased organ.导管：外科手术中用于使血液或其它体液绕过某一阻塞或病变了的器官的替换管〔phlegm〕from Late Latin phlegma [the humor phlegm] 源自 后期拉丁语 phlegma [体液] 〔succus〕A fluid, such as gastric juice or vegetable juice, contained in or secreted by living tissue.汁，液：一种液体，如体液或蔬菜汁，包含在活组织中或由活组织分泌〔complexion〕The combination of the four humors of cold, heat, moistness, and dryness in specific proportions, thought in ancient and medieval physiology to control the temperament and the constitution of the body.体质：古代与中世纪生理学家们认为冷、热、湿、干四种体液的特定比例的组合控制着身体的温度和体质〔lactase〕An enzyme occurring in certain yeasts and in the intestinal juices of mammals that is capable of splitting lactose into glucose and galactose.乳糖酶：一种能将乳糖分解成葡萄糖和半乳糖的酶，它存在于某些酵母或哺乳动物的体液中〔humor〕One of the four fluids of the body, blood, phlegm, choler, and black bile, whose relative proportions were thought in ancient physiology to determine a person's disposition and general health.基本的体液：血液、粘液、胆汁和黑胆汁四种体液之一，古代生理学家认为它们的相对比例决定一个人的性情和健康状况〔phlegm〕from Greek [heat, the humor phlegm] 源自 希腊语 [热量，体液] 〔chyme〕Middle English chime [humors, body fluids] 中古英语 chime [汁液，体液] 〔phlegmatic〕from phlegma phlegmat- [heat, the humor phlegm] 源自 phlegma phlegmat- [热量，体液] 〔lysozyme〕An enzyme occurring naturally in egg white, human tears, saliva, and other body fluids, capable of destroying the cell walls of certain bacteria and thereby acting as a mild antiseptic.溶菌酶：一种自然存在于蛋白、人的眼泪、唾液或其它体液之中的酶，能够毁坏某些细菌的细胞壁，从而可以用作温和的抗菌剂〔water〕Any of the liquids present in or passed out of the body, such as urine, perspiration, tears, or saliva.体液：存在于体内或排出体外的液体，如尿、汗液、泪水或唾液〔stream〕To emit, discharge, or exude (a body fluid, for example).渗出，注出或溢出（如体液）〔sanguine〕Having blood as the dominant humor in terms of medieval physiology.多血质的：在中世纪的生理学中把血液作为最主要的体液的〔secretor〕A person whose saliva and other body fluids contain ABO antigens.分泌者：唾液及其他体液中含有ABO抗原的人〔autacoid〕An organic substance, such as a hormone, produced in one part of an organism and transported by the blood, lymph, or sap to another part of the organism where it exerts a physiologic effect on that part.内分泌物，内分泌素：有机生物的一部分产生的有机物质，如激素，由血液、淋巴或体液运输至有机生物的另一部分并对该部分施加生理效应〔phlegm〕Middle English fleume [mucous discharge, the humor phlegm] 中古英语 fleume [粘液分泌，体液] 〔cupping〕A treatment in which evacuated glass cups are applied to intact or scarified skin in order to draw blood toward or through the surface. It was used for disorders associated with an excess of blood, one of the four humors of medieval physiology.杯吸法,拔罐法：一种医疗方法，把抽空的玻璃杯放在完好无损或划破的皮肤上使血向体表聚集或放血出来。这种方法被用来治疗与血量过多有关的失调症，血是中世纪生理学中的四种体液之一〔mucoprotein〕Any of a group of organic compounds, such as the mucins, that consist of a complex of proteins and glycosaminoglycons and are found in body tissues and fluids.粘蛋白：一组含有蛋白质与粘多糖的综合体的有机化合物，如粘蛋白，见于体液及组织中〔acidosis〕An abnormal increase in the acidity of the body's fluids, caused either by accumulation of acids or by depletion of bicarbonates.酸中毒：人体的体液中酸度的不正常增高，经常是由于酸的积累或是碳酸氢盐的缺乏引起〔humoral〕Relating to or arising from any of the bodily humors.体液的，由体液引起的：源于或与任何一种体液有关的〔sap〕An essential bodily fluid.体液：体内所必需的液体〔synovia〕A clear, viscid lubricating fluid secreted by membranes in joint cavities, sheaths of tendons, and bursae.滑液：一种清澈、粘质、有润滑作用的体液，从关节腔、腱鞘和粘液囊的粘膜处分泌〔humor〕A body fluid, such as blood, lymph, or bile.体液：一种体液，如血液、淋巴液或胆汁〔complexion〕from Late Latin complexiō complexiōn- [balance of the humors] 源自 后期拉丁语 complexiō complexiōn- [体液的平衡] 〔vascular〕Of, characterized by, or containing vessels that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap through the body of an animal or a plant.脉管的，血管的：在动物或植物的体内运输或循环流动如血液、淋巴或体液等液体的管的，或以其为特点，或含有此种管的〔blood〕A functionally similar fluid in animals other than vertebrates.生命液：除脊椎动物以外的其他动物体内功能相当于血液的体液〔plasminogen〕The inactive precursor to plasmin that is found in body fluids and blood plasma.血纤维蛋白溶酶原：血纤维蛋白溶酶不活跃的前体，常发现于体液和血浆中〔alkalosis〕Abnormally high alkalinity of the blood and body fluids.碱中毒：血液或体液中异常高的碱度〔temperament〕The distinguishing mental and physical characteristics of a human being according to medieval physiology, resulting from dominance of one of the four humors.气质：在中世纪生理学中由四种体液之一的主宰而形成的一个人的与众不同的精神和肉体的特征〔juice〕A bodily secretion:体液：身体的分泌物：〔albumin〕A class of simple, water-soluble proteins that can be coagulated by heat and are found in egg white, blood serum, milk, and many other animal and plant juices and tissues. Also called albumen 清蛋白，白蛋白：一组单一且溶于水的蛋白质，遇热凝结，存在于鸡蛋白、血清、牛奶及许多其他动植物的体液或组织中 也作 albumen〔sanguine〕Perhaps one has wondered what the connection betweensanguinary, "bloodthirsty,” and sanguine, "cheerfully optimistic,” could be. The connection can be found in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile).These four body fluids were thought to determine a person's temperament,or distinguishing mental and physical characteristics.Thus, if blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love.Such a temperament was calledsanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our wordsanguine. The sources of the Middle English word were Old Frenchsanguin and Latin sanguineus, the source of the French word. Both the Old French and Latin words meant "bloody,” "blood-colored,”Old Frenchsanguin having the sense "sanguine in temperament" as well. Latinsanguineus in turn was derived from sanguīs, "blood,” just as English sanguinary is. The English adjectivesanguine, first recorded in Middle English before 1350, went on to refer simply to the cheerfulness and optimism that accompanied a sanguine temperament,no longer having any direct reference to medieval physiology.也许有人对sanguinary （“嗜血的”）和 sanguine （“愉快乐观的”）两词之间的联系感到不解。 这种联系可以追溯到中世纪生理学中四种体液的概念（多血质型、胆汁型、黏液型和抑郁型）。这四种体液被认为可决定人的性格，或者能区分出精神和肉体上的特征。因此，如果血液是最主要的体液，一个人就应有红润的脸庞和以勇敢、充满希望、易于陷入情网为特征的性情。这种性情被称为sanguine ， 也就是我们sanguine 一词的中世纪英语的原形。 中世纪英语中该词源于古法语sanguin 一词和拉丁文 sanguineus （法语词的来源）。 在古法语和拉丁文中，该词意思都是“流血的”、“血色的”，古法语sanguin 还含有“生性乐天派的”之意。 拉丁文的sanguineus 也是由 sanguis （“血的”）而来，正如英语中的 sanguinary 一词。 英语形容词sanguine 最初记载于1350年以前的中古英语中， 演化为仅指伴随乐天派性情而具有的愉快和乐观之义，与中世纪生理学没有直接联系 |
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